Ratpack - SpringOne2GX 2015
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The document summarizes Ratpack, an open source web framework for the JVM. It provides an overview of Ratpack's features such as its non-blocking architecture, support for templates, microservices, HTTP client, metrics, and more. It describes Ratpack's execution model using promises to provide deterministic processing for asynchronous code. The document also covers Ratpack's use of registries for dependency injection and blocking support.
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Ratpack - SpringOne2GX 2015
- 1. SPRINGONE2GX WASHINGTON, DC Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013 -2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attributio n-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Ratpack Web Framework By Dan Woods @danveloper
- 2. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013 -2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ About Me • Member of the Ratpack Web core team • Author of “Learning Ratpack”, O’Reilly • http://shop.oreilly.com/product/0636920037545.do • Senior Engineer, The Groundwork • https://github.com/danveloper 2 1st Four Chapters Available Today!
- 3. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013 -2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Ratpack Team on Twitter 3 Follow this crew! • @ldaley • @varzof • @rus_hart • @beckje01 • @marcinerdmann • @zedar185 • @Lspacewalker • @johnrengelman
- 4. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013 -2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Brief History of Ratpack • Ratpack started out as a Groovy DSL implementation example (2010) • Evolved steadily into a JVM Sinatra clone (2010-2011) • Dumped Sinatra legacy and started focusing on NIO/performance (2012) • Under steady development in its modern form for 3 full years! 4 GroovyDSLImplementation JVMSinatraClone Drop“Sinatra”,NIO/Perf DropsServletsforVert.x CorerewritteninJava Movestoorg.ratpackpackages ExecutionModelIntroduced Bootstraping,Config Registryisintroduced MovefromVert.xtoNetty Stable,ProductionReady–1.0
- 5. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013 -2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Overview of Ratpack • Ratpack is now at version 1.0.0 • Production-ready, API-stable • Can safely adopt without fear of breaking API changes • Great option for building microservices • Can also be integrated into legacy apps through its robust test fixtures 5
- 6. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013 -2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Overview of Ratpack • A high performance web framework • Built on a non-blocking network stack • Provides low-level constructs for working with async APIs • Core is written in Java (requires Java 8) • Integrated support for building Groovy-based applications • Emphasis on developer productivity • As few opinions as possible • Fast, self-contained, light-weight deployables 6
- 7. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013 -2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Simplest Hello World Example • Just a few lines of Groovy code required! 7
- 8. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013 -2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Simplest Hello World Example • Totally Tweetable! https://twitter.com/danveloper/status/608298173208100864 8
- 9. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013 -2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Java Hello World Example • Still, not very much needed at all… 9
- 10. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013 -2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Overview of Ratpack • Support for HTML templates with Groovy and Handlebars 10
- 11. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013 -2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Overview of Ratpack • Great for microservices! • First-class support for language agnostic transport 11
- 12. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013 -2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Overview of Ratpack • Non-blocking HTTP client 12
- 13. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013 -2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Overview of Ratpack • Fault tolerance for building distributed systems 13
- 14. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013 -2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Overview of Ratpack • Support for metric reporting with Dropwizard Metrics 14
- 15. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013 -2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Overview of Ratpack • Comprehensive configuration model 15
- 16. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013 -2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Overview of Ratpack • Support for persistent sessions 16
- 17. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013 -2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Overview of Ratpack • Robust security with Pac4j 17
- 18. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013 -2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Overview of Ratpack • Out of the box SSL support 18
- 19. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013 -2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Performance • Like most frameworks, Ratpack is CPU-bound (the more CPUs, the better) • Unlike most frameworks, Ratpack efficiently processes on each CPU 19 https://gist.github.com/danveloper/db888be3519966976368
- 20. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013 -2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Execution Model • The execution model in Ratpack is borne from the fact that the JVM has no inherent support for Continuations • Asynchronous programming is difficult • Async processing introduces non-determinism • Web applications require deterministic processing 20
- 21. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013 -2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Execution Model • Ratpack wants to make Async processing and programming a reliable and usable model for the JVM • By fitting into the execution model, applications garner confidence from a deterministic processing flow 21
- 22. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013 -2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ TPR/TPC Processing Model • How most JVM web frameworks work 22 Internet Web App new Thread().start() Blocking Processing Process and wait
- 23. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013 -2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ TPR/TPC Processing Model • In the thread-per-request (or thread-per-connection) model, you are limited by the amount of threads that you can create • Bringing the data from a request-taking thread and placing it into a processing thread incurs a context switch • The processing thread is where all your work is done, and is established until you respond • This is not performant at all, but it is an easy model to program in, and that’s why people use it 23
- 24. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013 -2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Ratpack Processing Model • How Ratpack works (4 CPU example) 24 Internet Event Loop Event Loop Event Loop Event Loop Handler Waiting for something? (db call, call to remote) Return thread to request-taking pool while we wait Respond One thread per CPU core
- 25. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013 -2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Ratpack Processing Model • Only establishes a single thread per CPU core • Processing doesn’t block the thread (if it needs to, then we can schedule it to the blocking thread pool) • While we wait for async responses to be fulfilled, the thread is able to process other requests • When we get the async response, processing continues on the same thread • No context switching in computation handlers, async processing responds when its work is done 25
- 26. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013 -2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Problems with Async Programming • Callbacks are obnoxious to work with • No good way to detect when waiting for async responses • Represents a temporal disconnect from the processing flow • Most async web frameworks start a timer when a request comes in, and if you don’t respond by the time that’s over, then it assumes you’re not going to 26
- 27. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013 -2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Problems with Async Programming 27 Callback HELL
- 28. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013 -2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Problems with Async Programming 28 With Ratpack Promises, you get guaranteed execution order without the need scoped callbacks. <1> - definitely happens 1st <2> - definitely happens 2nd <3> - definitely happens 3rd <4> - definitely happens 4th <5> - definitely happens 5th
- 29. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013 -2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Problems with Async Programming 29 In other async web frameworks: The clock is ticking for you to get that response out before the framework shuts you down
- 30. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013 -2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Problems with Async Programming 30 Execution |__stream |__marker |__flatMap(..) |__findByUsername |__stream |__marker |__flatMap(..) |__loadProfile |__stream |__marker |__flatMap(..) |__loadFriends |__stream |__marker |__flatMap(..) |__loadFriendPhotos |__stream |__marker |__render(..) |__then(..)
- 31. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013 -2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Execution Model • The overall execution is a parallel to the construct of a continuation • Each of the calls to a Promise represent a frame in the execution • Each of the Promise types represents a new processing stream in the execution • While async processing is taking place (ie. Promise is not fulfilled), the execution is suspended • When the execution is suspended, the processing thread is given back to the event loop to continue processing requests • When an async call returns, the execution is resumed 31
- 32. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013 -2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Execution Model • Most importantly, we know that when we hit the marker on a processing stream that the stream is done computing • The processing streams are supervised by Ratpack to know that a request is still processing • If your code doesn’t respond to a request, we don’t need to wait until the request times out to inform the client • If all the streams are done computing but no response has been sent, we are aware of that and can send an appropriate error back (no response sent) to the client 32
- 33. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013 -2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Execution Model • Ratpack’s execution model gives you much higher confidence in working with async programming • The Promise type makes async programming easier • Deterministic async processing gives added benefits for concurrency • You have better confidence when programming to async APIs with Ratpack • Fun fact: any API can be made asynchronous in Ratpack 33
- 34. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013 -2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Blocking Done Right • To make use of most 3rd party Java libraries, blocking will need to take place at some point • A prime example here is using JDBC • Since you can’t block on the request-taking thread, you will need to do blocking on a separate thread • Any non-trivial application will need to do blocking at some point… • Ratpack provides easy fixtures for Promise types to be scheduled for computation or blocking 34
- 35. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013 -2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Blocking Done Right 35
- 36. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013 -2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Dependency Injection • Ratpack is not tied to any particular dependency injection framework • DI is an abstract concept in Ratpack, components are registered via a Registry • Ratpack apps can be built entirely without any DI • Framework modularity is accomplished via Guice • 1st class support for Guice and Spring Boot 36
- 37. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013 -2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Registry • There are multiple registries in Ratpack • Provide components at different layers of the framework 37 Server Registry User Registry Context Registry Request Registry
- 38. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013 -2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Registry • Components can be bound to the user registry at start time 38
- 39. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013 -2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Registry • Registries can be built and cascaded at request time, and according to request attributes 39
- 40. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013 -2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Registry • Registries can be backed by Guice… 40
- 41. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013 -2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Registry • … or by Spring Boot… 41
- 42. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013 -2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Registry • … or both … 42
- 43. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013 -2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Dependency Injection • In Groovy, dependency injection can be accomplished by simply specifying the type as a closure argument 43
- 44. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013 -2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Dependency Injection • Taking a completely unopinionated approach to dependency injection allows implementations to be flexible • Can support nearly every component-providing backend • Gives you the ability to leverage the best parts of all available ecosystems • New Ratpack apps can readily fit into legacy infrastructures that do have opinions about this stuff 44
- 45. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013 -2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Build System Support • Ratpack is just a set of libraries, so any Java build system can build your project • Advanced integration with Gradle is provided through the ratpack-gradle plugin • Using Gradle is the easiest way to get started • Gradle plugin provides version-proper dependency resolution, so you don’t need to update versions as you upgrade your project 45
- 46. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013 -2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Build System Support • Just a set of libraries… 46
- 47. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013 -2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Build System Support • Advanced integration with Gradle… 47
- 48. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013 -2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Build System Support • Ratpack apps can be easily packaged for deployment with Gradle • Multiple options: fat jar, tarball, zip file • Gradle plugin applies the application plugin, so distributions and dependencies can easily be built and shipped with os start scripts • Fat JAR building is accomplished via the ShadowJar plugin 48
- 49. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013 -2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Developer Productivity • Development time hot reloading is provided via Gradle’s “continuous build” mode • Standalone Ratpack Groovy scripts are able to be reloaded when the development serverConfig option is true 49
- 50. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013 -2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ The Handler Chain • Denotes the edge of your application • Requests flow through the chain until reaching a handler than can provide a response • Two types of handlers: request flow and terminal • Request Flow handlers manage the direction the request takes through the chain • Terminal handlers process a request and respond to it 50
- 51. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013 -2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ The Handler Chain • Request flow handler 51
- 52. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013 -2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ The Handler Chain • Terminal handler 52
- 53. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013 -2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ The Handler Chain • Chain API provides semantic methods to bind a handler to an HTTP verb and optionally a path • get(..), post(..), put(..), patch(..), delete(..) methods will bind accordingly • Can also bind a handler that will be called for every incoming request with the all(..) and path(..) chain methods 53
- 54. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013 -2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Live Coding Demo Time 54
- 55. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013 -2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Questions? 55
- 56. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013 -2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Join the Community 56 http://slack-signup.ratpack.io/
Editor's Notes
- We provide a comprehensive integration with NetflixOSS’s Hystrix project Hystrix is a circuit breaker library where you can safely buil Hystrix helps you better build fault tolerant systems We even provide the ability to stream
- Non-blocking networking and asynchronous programming go hand-in-hand
- Demo: fatjar
- Demo: app.groovy
- Demo: app.groovy
- Demo: app.groovy
- Demo: app.groovy
- Demo: app.groovy
- Demo: app.groovy
- Demo: app.groovy
- Demo: app.groovy