This document provides an overview of SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems. It discusses what SCADA is, its architecture and components, functionality, and how it is used to control industrial processes. Security issues are also covered, along with the evolution of SCADA systems from early monolithic designs to modern distributed and networked architectures. The future of SCADA is described as incorporating more sophisticated capabilities through artificial intelligence and greater network integration.
The document discusses control systems and distributed control systems (DCS). It defines a control system as using feedback to maintain or alter quantities according to a desired state. A DCS uses distributed controllers and communication networks to control large, complex industrial processes. Key components of a DCS include field devices, input/output modules, controllers, human-machine interfaces, and control engineering software. DCS are suitable for large chemical plants, refineries, and other industrial applications where centralized control is not feasible.
This document provides an overview of a presentation on programmable logic controllers (PLCs) and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems. It includes an agenda that covers introductions to PLCs and SCADA, their classifications, elements, applications, and types. It also discusses the purpose of the research project, which is to develop teaching modules on general SCADA systems and PLCs using LabVIEW and wireless computers.
SCADA systems are used to monitor and control geographically dispersed industrial processes. A SCADA system consists of field devices like PLCs and RTUs that connect to sensors and convert signals to digital data. This data is communicated to a control center via telemetry where it is processed by a data acquisition server and presented to human operators through an HMI. The system allows operators to monitor and control the industrial process. SCADA has evolved from early monolithic centralized systems to modern distributed and networked systems that utilize open standards and protocols to distribute functionality across a wide area network. SCADA is commonly used in applications like power generation, water treatment, oil and gas pipelines, and more.
A distributed control system (DCS) provides safe, efficient, and reliable control of critical components in a thermal power plant. Key benefits of a DCS include high reliability, improved response time, improved operator interface, and historical data storage. A DCS uses controller cards, input/output cards, and communication cards to monitor and control elements like valves, pumps, temperatures, and pressures. Operators interact with the DCS through workstations with displays for alarms, graphics, trends, and reports. Automatic controls help optimize processes while interlocks ensure safe operation during startups, run cycles, and shutdowns.
supervisory control and data acquisition systemselvakumar R
SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition) is a software system used to monitor and control industrial, infrastructure, or facility-based processes. It involves gathering data from remote systems in real-time, such as sensors and equipment, and sending commands to control equipment. SCADA has common components including remote terminal units to interface with physical devices, programmable logic controllers for automation, and human-machine interfaces for operators. The use of SCADA has evolved from early expensive mainframe-based systems to today's more automated and cost-efficient technologies using new communication networks.
This document discusses supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems. SCADA systems are used to monitor and control industrial processes and infrastructure by collecting data from remote field devices and sensors. The document outlines the key components and functions of SCADA, including data acquisition, communication between remote terminal units and the central control system, data presentation to operators, and remote control capabilities. Examples are given of SCADA applications in various industries such as water distribution, manufacturing, oil and gas, and railways.
SCADA systems are used to monitor and control geographically dispersed systems. They involve data acquisition from sensors, transmission of data via communication networks to a central control system, data presentation through HMIs, and remote control of equipment. Key components include RTUs that interface with field sensors and devices, programmable logic controllers that connect to sensors and convert signals to digital data, and HMIs that present data to operators and allow control of the system. SCADA systems are commonly used in industries like oil and gas, water treatment, manufacturing, and electric power grids.
This document provides information about SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems. It discusses what SCADA is, the advantages of SCADA over HMI, the system concept of SCADA including RTUs, and future trends in SCADA. Specific topics covered include the history and purpose of SCADA, where SCADA is used, alarm features in SCADA, and applications of RTUs in remote monitoring and control.
In this session you will learn:
DCS Introduction
PLC
SCADA
General architecture of DCS
Process or application
Scan time
Input and Output requirement
Redundancy
RTU and LCU
PLC vs DCS
For more information, visit: https://www.mindsmapped.com/courses/industrial-automation/complete-training-on-industrial-automation-for-beginners/
Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) have been an integral part of factory automation and industrial process control for decades. PLCs control a wide array of applications from simple lighting functions to environmental systems to chemical processing plants. These systems perform many functions, providing a variety of analog and digital input and output interfaces; signal processing; data conversion; and various communication protocols. All of the PLC's components and functions are centered around the controller, which is programmed for a specific task.
The basic PLC module must be sufficiently flexible and configurable to meet the diverse needs of different factories and applications. Input stimuli (either analog or digital) are received from machines, sensors, or process events in the form of voltage or current. The PLC must accurately interpret and convert the stimulus for the CPU which, in turn, defines a set of instructions to the output systems that control actuators on the factory floor or in another industrial environment
Distributed Control Systems (DCS) are dedicated systems used to control manufacturing processes that are continuous or batch-oriented, such as oil refining, petrochemicals, central station power generation, fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, food and beverage manufacturing, cement production, steelmaking, and papermaking. DCSs are connected to sensors and actuators and use set point control to control the flow of material through the plant.
The most common example is a set point control loop consisting of a pressure sensor, controller, and control valve. Pressure or flow measurements are transmitted to the controller, usually through the aid of a signal conditioning input/output (I/O) device. When the measured variable reaches a certain point, the controller instructs a valve or actuation device to open or close until the fluidic flow process reaches the desired set point.
Large oil refineries have many thousands of I/O points and employ very large DCSs. Processes are not limited to fluidic flow through pipes, however, and can also include things like paper machines and their associated quality controls (see quality control system QCS), variable speed drives and motor control centers, cement kilns, mining operations, ore processing facilities, and many others.
Innovic India Private Limited provides industrial Training on DCS as well as other automationtechnologies like PLC, SCADA, HMI, VFD and many more.
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This presentation consist of basic old parking trends and the modern approach towards with the use Programmable logic controller PLC and its integration with Supervisory control and data acquisition system SCADA
SCADA systems collect data from remote locations and transmit it to a central control station. They use RTUs to collect and format data at remote sites, PLCs to monitor input devices and control output devices, HMIs for operators to interface with controllers, telemetry systems to wirelessly transmit data, and data acquisition to measure physical phenomena and convert it to digital values for analysis. Overall, SCADA systems allow centralized monitoring and control of equipment in various locations.
SCADA (Supervisory Control & data Acquisation) PPTDeepeshK4
PowerPoint Presentation(PPT) on SCADA
This PPT includes:
* What is Scada
* Applications of Scada
* Need of Scada
* Components of Scada
* Objectives of Scada
* Why Scada is used/ Where is the SCADA system used
* What is controlled by SCADA in Power sysem
* Advantages & Disadvantages
* How SCADA works?
* Working Procedure of SCADA
Thanks for visiting my slide
The document provides information about programmable logic controllers (PLCs) and distributed control systems (DCSs). It discusses the history and components of PLCs, including the central processing unit, input and output modules, power supply, and programming languages. DCSs are described as systems that divide plant control into areas managed by individual controllers connected by a communication network. Key advantages of DCSs include reliability, redundancy, flexibility in configuration, and ease of maintenance. The document compares PLCs and DCSs, noting that DCSs are more suitable for large-scale, complex plant control applications.
Scada system architecture, types and applicationsUchi Pou
This document discusses the architecture, types, and applications of SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems. It describes the basic components of SCADA systems including human-machine interfaces, programmable logic controllers, remote terminal units, communication infrastructure, and SCADA programming. It outlines the four generations of SCADA systems from early monolithic to modern networked and internet-based systems. Finally, it provides examples of SCADA applications in manufacturing, wastewater treatment, power systems, and wireless SCADA systems.
SCADA stands for Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition. It refers to a system that collects data from sensors at remote locations and sends it to a central computer for monitoring and control. The central monitoring system communicates with remote terminal units or programmable logic controllers through communication links. SCADA systems allow operators to monitor entire systems in real-time with little human intervention through functions like data acquisition, supervisory control, alarms, logging, and trending.
First generation SCADA systems were monolithic with standalone systems and no connectivity between them. Second generation introduced distributed processing across multiple systems within a local environment using proprietary protocols. Third generation SCADA systems use an open architecture with shared master station functions across a WAN utilizing open standards and protocols.
PPT on Substation Automation through SCADAANKIT SURANA
This document provides an overview of a training seminar on substation automation. It discusses BSES company profile, SCADA system architecture including hardware components like RTUs and PCUs and software like DE 400 and PED 500. It also covers need for SCADA automation to improve system monitoring, reduce power theft and fault restoration times. Key components discussed are remote terminal units, master control centre, networking, data engineering and scheduling department functions.
SCADA systems are used to monitor and control equipment and processes in industries like oil/gas, water treatment, and manufacturing. They gather data in real-time from remote locations and send control commands back. SCADA has evolved through 3 generations from standalone monolithic systems to distributed systems on local networks to today's networked systems using open standards and wide area networks. Security issues need to be addressed like encrypting communications, securing devices, auditing networks, and implementing threat protection. The future of SCADA involves more sophisticated systems that can handle huge data volumes and territories with some having artificial intelligence capabilities.
Scada Industrial Control Systems Penetration Testing Yehia Mamdouh
Scada Industrial Control Systems Penetration Testing
Start from Types of Scada Networks, then Penetration testing, finally what Security should be follow
The document discusses penetration testing of SCADA industrial control systems. It begins with an overview of SCADA systems, including what they are, where they are used, benefits, and basic concepts like the communication between the SCADA server and RTUs/PLCs. It then covers SCADA protocols like Modbus and DNP3. The document outlines various attack vectors like denial of service attacks, unauthorized access, and vulnerabilities in common protocols. It proposes a penetration testing methodology that involves discovery, protocol analysis, data manipulation, and security recommendations like firewalls, IDS, and training to improve SCADA security.
The document discusses SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems. It provides definitions of key SCADA components and concepts, including RTUs, PLCs, HMIs, and protocols. It also outlines security challenges for SCADA systems given their critical infrastructure functions and discusses approaches to improving SCADA security.
SCADA systems are control system architectures used in industrial and infrastructural processes that use networked communications and GUIs for high-level process supervision and management. They implement distributed databases containing tags or points throughout the plant that represent input or output values monitored and controlled by the centralized SCADA system. Programmable logic controllers and remote terminal units connect to sensors and actuators in the process and are networked to the supervisory computer system. SCADA systems have evolved from early monolithic systems using minicomputers to modern distributed and networked systems that can leverage cloud computing and internet of things technologies. Security of SCADA systems is important as compromise could impact dependent infrastructure, though older systems were not designed with modern cybersecurity challenges
RITA SECURE COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL: APPLICATION TO SCADAcsandit
Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems have their own constrains and specifications. These systems control many of our critical industrial infrastructures, yet they are hardly secured. The biggest problem in securing these systems is the lack of cryptography support especially that most SCADA systems work in real-time which is not compatible with most cryptography algorithms. Additionally, a SCADA network may include a huge amount of embedded devices with little computational powers which adds to the cost of any security improvement. In this paper we present a new approach that would secure SCADA communications by coding information without the need of the complex cryptography algorithms. The reconfigurable information transmitter agent (RITA) protocol that we present does not need the already installed devices to be modified nor replaced, it only needs to add costless electrical chips to these devices. This approach can also be used to secure any type of communication that respects the protocol's constraints.
SCADA.pptx supervisory control and data aquasitionRapidAcademy
The document discusses the history and components of SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems. It describes how early SCADA systems involved direct connections between sensors and control panels, while modern systems involve remote terminal units, programmable logic controllers, telemetry, and computer software. The key components of a SCADA system include remote terminal units that interface with field sensors, communication systems to transfer data, master stations to display and control the system, and software for user interfaces, alarms, data storage and more.
Practical DNP3 and Modern SCADA SystemsLiving Online
This document provides an introduction and overview of SCADA systems, communication standards like DNP3 and IEC 60870.5, and the OSI reference model for layered communications architecture. It describes the basic components and functions of SCADA systems including RTUs, master stations, and software. It also summarizes the purposes and services provided by each layer in the OSI model. Finally, it provides a brief history and comparison of the DNP3 and IEC 60870.5 communication standards.
This document provides an overview of SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems. It defines SCADA as a computer system that gathers and analyzes real-time data to monitor and control industrial plants and equipment. The document describes the typical hardware and software architecture of SCADA systems, including remote terminal units, central servers, and human-machine interfaces. It also discusses communication methods, interfacing standards, and the use of databases in SCADA systems.
Security Issues in SCADA based Industrial Control Systems aswanthmrajeev112
This document discusses security concerns in industrial control systems. It provides an overview of industrial control systems (ICS) and SCADA systems, which are widely used to control infrastructure systems. It outlines several vulnerabilities in ICS, including issues with legacy systems not being designed with modern cybersecurity threats in mind. Specific threats like zero-day vulnerabilities, non-prioritized tasks, and database/communication protocol issues are examined. The conclusion states that additional digital security techniques are needed to protect critical infrastructure control systems.
SCADA Systems Vulnerabilities and Blockchain Technologyijtsrd
SCADA systems are one of the most important part of industrial operations. Before SCADA, plant personnel had to monitor and control industrial process via selector switches, pushbuttons and dials for analog signals. As manufacturing grew and sites became more remote, relays and timers were used to assist supervision. With the onset of technology and advent of network based protocols, these systems became more reliable, fast and it became easy to troubleshoot problems. Indeed progress also brings vulnerabilities, which was no new for SCADA. The IP protocols brought threat to the security of these systems. The devastation that cyber predators on SCADA can inflict, could be illustrated by the Stuxnet virus attack. This paper discusses what SCADA systems are, their uses, protocols being used by these systems, vulnerabilities and ways to combat those vulnerabilities. It focusses on the use of Blockchain Technology as a step in security of such systems. Diksha Chhonkar | Garima Pandey "SCADA Systems: Vulnerabilities and Blockchain Technology" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31586.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-security/31586/scada-systems-vulnerabilities-and-blockchain-technology/diksha-chhonkar
This document provides an overview of SCADA and Industry 4.0 with the following key points:
- It discusses sensors, transducers, actuators, PLCs, HMIs, RTUs, and communication protocols.
- It describes the components of SCADA including field instrumentation, controllers, HMI, network connectivity, and databases.
- It outlines the journey from Industry 1.0 to 4.0 and discusses IoT and IIoT in industrial applications.
- The presentation includes a live SCADA demonstration and question answer session.
This document provides a tutorial on SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems. It defines SCADA as a system that collects data from sensors measuring processes, transmits the data to central computers, and issues commands to remote terminal units to control processes. The document outlines the basic components of SCADA systems including sensors, remote terminal units, the master terminal unit, and the communications network. It also discusses modern SCADA features and provides an example of a SCADA system implementation in Egypt for electricity distribution.
Critical Information Infrastructure Systems WorldwideAngela Hays
The document discusses the training that the author underwent at Finetech Controls Pvt. Ltd., which covered the fundamentals of industrial automation including components like switches, sensors, controllers, drives, and programmable logic controllers. The training also included how to operate and program PLCs to remotely control industrial processes, as well as the basics of variable frequency drives for motor speed and rotation control. The author was educated on the principles, applications, and installation of automation equipment used in manufacturing and material handling processes.
This document provides an overview of SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems, including basic terminology, components, architecture, communication protocols, applications, security vulnerabilities, and threats. It defines sensors, actuators, relays, PLCs, HMIs, RTUs. It describes the typical SCADA architecture with a master system collecting data from remote units via communication networks. Examples of common industrial protocols like Modbus are provided. Applications of SCADA for monitoring, control, alarm handling and data logging are outlined. Security risks from malware, insiders, hackers and terrorists exploiting vulnerabilities in old operating systems and web interfaces are summarized. The 2015 Ukraine grid cyberattack is reviewed as a case study.
SCADA systems are used to monitor and control industrial processes remotely. They acquire data from sensors in the field through programmable logic controllers (PLCs) or remote terminal units (RTUs), transmit the data to centralized human-machine interfaces (HMIs) over telecommunication networks, and allow operators to send control commands back to the field devices. SCADA systems have evolved from monolithic first-generation systems with standalone computers to distributed second-generation and networked third-generation systems that use open standards and can connect over wide area networks. They provide features like dynamic representation of process data, database connectivity, device connectivity, alarms, trends, scripting, security, recipe management, and networking capabilities.
This document discusses Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems and Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs). It describes the typical architecture of a three-layer SCADA system, including a supervisory control layer, process control layer, and field instrumentation layer. The process control layer often uses PLCs to control devices and sensors are in the field instrumentation layer. Benefits of SCADA systems include increased reliability, lower costs, and assisting operators with decision making, while disadvantages include high initial costs and security issues from internet accessibility.
The document discusses distributed control systems (DCS) and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems. It provides an introduction and overview of key concepts for both DCS and SCADA. For DCS, it describes the components, functions, applications and how a DCS works. For SCADA, it outlines where SCADA is used, hardware and software architectures, and how SCADA systems function through data acquisition, communication, presentation and control.
This document discusses trends in threats to SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems. It notes that as SCADA systems increasingly use commercial off-the-shelf software and connect to the internet, they have become more vulnerable to cyber threats. The document outlines how SCADA systems work and components like RTUs, PLCs, and HMIs. It also discusses issues like the mistaken belief that SCADA systems are secure due to physical security or isolation from the internet. The conclusion suggests that as capabilities and opportunities for threats increase, the future operational environment will be more vulnerable if an actor emerges with the intent to cause harm.
Practical Troubleshooting and Problem Solving of Modbus Protocols Living Online
This manual focuses on the main issues of troubleshooting the industrial data communications network of today, enabling you to walk onto your plant or facility to troubleshoot and fix problems as quickly as possible. The focus is on the Modbus suite of protocols and their associated standards.
FOR MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/practical-troubleshooting-and-problem-solving-modbus-protocols-196
An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a logical numeric address that is assigned to every single computer, printer, switch, router, tablets, smartphones or any other device that is part of a TCP/IP-based network.
Types of IP address-
Dynamic means "constantly changing “ .dynamic IP addresses aren't more powerful, but they can change.
Static means staying the same. Static. Stand. Stable. Yes, static IP addresses don't change.
Most IP addresses assigned today by Internet Service Providers are dynamic IP addresses. It's more cost effective for the ISP and you.
Social media management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The project "Social Media Platform in Object-Oriented Modeling" aims to design
and model a robust and scalable social media platform using object-oriented
modeling principles. In the age of digital communication, social media platforms
have become indispensable for connecting people, sharing content, and fostering
online communities. However, their complex nature requires meticulous planning
and organization.This project addresses the challenge of creating a feature-rich and
user-friendly social media platform by applying key object-oriented modeling
concepts. It entails the identification and definition of essential objects such as
"User," "Post," "Comment," and "Notification," each encapsulating specific
attributes and behaviors. Relationships between these objects, such as friendships,
content interactions, and notifications, are meticulously established.The project
emphasizes encapsulation to maintain data integrity, inheritance for shared behaviors
among objects, and polymorphism for flexible content handling. Use case diagrams
depict user interactions, while sequence diagrams showcase the flow of interactions
during critical scenarios. Class diagrams provide an overarching view of the system's
architecture, including classes, attributes, and methods .By undertaking this project,
we aim to create a modular, maintainable, and user-centric social media platform that
adheres to best practices in object-oriented modeling. Such a platform will offer users
a seamless and secure online social experience while facilitating future enhancements
and adaptability to changing user needs.
A brief introduction to quadcopter (drone) working. It provides an overview of flight stability, dynamics, general control system block diagram, and the electronic hardware.
Encontro anual da comunidade Splunk, onde discutimos todas as novidades apresentadas na conferência anual da Spunk, a .conf24 realizada em junho deste ano em Las Vegas.
Neste vídeo, trago os pontos chave do encontro, como:
- AI Assistant para uso junto com a SPL
- SPL2 para uso em Data Pipelines
- Ingest Processor
- Enterprise Security 8.0 (Maior atualização deste seu release)
- Federated Analytics
- Integração com Cisco XDR e Cisto Talos
- E muito mais.
Deixo ainda, alguns links com relatórios e conteúdo interessantes que podem ajudar no esclarecimento dos produtos e funções.
https://www.splunk.com/en_us/campaigns/the-hidden-costs-of-downtime.html
https://www.splunk.com/en_us/pdfs/gated/ebooks/building-a-leading-observability-practice.pdf
https://www.splunk.com/en_us/pdfs/gated/ebooks/building-a-modern-security-program.pdf
Nosso grupo oficial da Splunk:
https://usergroups.splunk.com/sao-paulo-splunk-user-group/
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction to Project ManagementPrakhyath Rai
Introduction to Project Management: Introduction, Project and Importance of Project Management, Contract Management, Activities Covered by Software Project Management, Plans, Methods and Methodologies, some ways of categorizing Software Projects, Stakeholders, Setting Objectives, Business Case, Project Success and Failure, Management and Management Control, Project Management life cycle, Traditional versus Modern Project Management Practices.
Profiling of Cafe Business in Talavera, Nueva Ecija: A Basis for Development ...IJAEMSJORNAL
This study aimed to profile the coffee shops in Talavera, Nueva Ecija, to develop a standardized checklist for aspiring entrepreneurs. The researchers surveyed 10 coffee shop owners in the municipality of Talavera. Through surveys, the researchers delved into the Owner's Demographic, Business details, Financial Requirements, and other requirements needed to consider starting up a coffee shop. Furthermore, through accurate analysis, the data obtained from the coffee shop owners are arranged to derive key insights. By analyzing this data, the study identifies best practices associated with start-up coffee shops’ profitability in Talavera. These findings were translated into a standardized checklist outlining essential procedures including the lists of equipment needed, financial requirements, and the Traditional and Social Media Marketing techniques. This standardized checklist served as a valuable tool for aspiring and existing coffee shop owners in Talavera, streamlining operations, ensuring consistency, and contributing to business success.
Online music portal management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The iMMS is a unique application that is synchronizing both user
experience and copyrights while providing services like online music
management, legal downloads, artists’ management. There are several
other applications available in the market that either provides some
specific services or large scale integrated solutions. Our product differs
from the rest in a way that we give more power to the users remaining
within the copyrights circle.
Best Practices of Clothing Businesses in Talavera, Nueva Ecija, A Foundation ...IJAEMSJORNAL
This study primarily aimed to determine the best practices of clothing businesses to use it as a foundation of strategic business advancements. Moreover, the frequency with which the business's best practices are tracked, which best practices are the most targeted of the apparel firms to be retained, and how does best practices can be used as strategic business advancement. The respondents of the study is the owners of clothing businesses in Talavera, Nueva Ecija. Data were collected and analyzed using a quantitative approach and utilizing a descriptive research design. Unveiling best practices of clothing businesses as a foundation for strategic business advancement through statistical analysis: frequency and percentage, and weighted means analyzing the data in terms of identifying the most to the least important performance indicators of the businesses among all of the variables. Based on the survey conducted on clothing businesses in Talavera, Nueva Ecija, several best practices emerge across different areas of business operations. These practices are categorized into three main sections, section one being the Business Profile and Legal Requirements, followed by the tracking of indicators in terms of Product, Place, Promotion, and Price, and Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) covering finance, marketing, production, technical, and distribution aspects. The research study delved into identifying the core best practices of clothing businesses, serving as a strategic guide for their advancement. Through meticulous analysis, several key findings emerged. Firstly, prioritizing product factors, such as maintaining optimal stock levels and maximizing customer satisfaction, was deemed essential for driving sales and fostering loyalty. Additionally, selecting the right store location was crucial for visibility and accessibility, directly impacting footfall and sales. Vigilance towards competitors and demographic shifts was highlighted as essential for maintaining relevance. Understanding the relationship between marketing spend and customer acquisition proved pivotal for optimizing budgets and achieving a higher ROI. Strategic analysis of profit margins across clothing items emerged as crucial for maximizing profitability and revenue. Creating a positive customer experience, investing in employee training, and implementing effective inventory management practices were also identified as critical success factors. In essence, these findings underscored the holistic approach needed for sustainable growth in the clothing business, emphasizing the importance of product management, marketing strategies, customer experience, and operational efficiency.
Development of Chatbot Using AI/ML Technologiesmaisnampibarel
The rapid advancements in artificial intelligence and natural language processing have significantly transformed human-computer interactions. This thesis presents the design, development, and evaluation of an intelligent chatbot capable of engaging in natural and meaningful conversations with users. The chatbot leverages state-of-the-art deep learning techniques, including transformer-based architectures, to understand and generate human-like responses.
Key contributions of this research include the implementation of a context- aware conversational model that can maintain coherent dialogue over extended interactions. The chatbot's performance is evaluated through both automated metrics and user studies, demonstrating its effectiveness in various applications such as customer service, mental health support, and educational assistance. Additionally, ethical considerations and potential biases in chatbot responses are examined to ensure the responsible deployment of this technology.
The findings of this thesis highlight the potential of intelligent chatbots to enhance user experience and provide valuable insights for future developments in conversational AI.
A brand new catalog for the 2024 edition of IWISS. We have enriched our product range and have more innovations in electrician tools, plumbing tools, wire rope tools and banding tools. Let's explore together!
Response & Safe AI at Summer School of AI at IIITHIIIT Hyderabad
Talk covering Guardrails , Jailbreak, What is an alignment problem? RLHF, EU AI Act, Machine & Graph unlearning, Bias, Inconsistency, Probing, Interpretability, Bias
5. SCADAstands Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition. As the
name indicates, it is not a full control system, but rather focuses on the
supervisory level. It is a computer system for gathering and analyzing
real time data.
SCADA systems can be relatively simple, such as one that
monitors environmental conditions of a small office building, or
incredibly complex, such as a system that monitors all the activity in
a nuclear power plant or the activity of a municipal water system.
SCADA systems are used to monitor and control a plant or equipment
in industries such as telecommunications, water and waste control,
energy, oil and gas refining and transportation. A SCADA system gathers
information, such as where a leak on a pipeline has occurred, transfers
the information back to a central site, alerting the home station that the
leak has occurred, carrying out necessary analysis and control, such as
determining if the leak is critical, and displaying the information in a
logical and organized fashion.
6. Where and why, use of SCADA?
Application area :
Industrial processes : chemical, power generation and
distribution, metallurgy, …
: reactors, nuclear waste, ...Nuclear processes
Experimental physics : HEP laboratories
Application size:
20 k I/O to 450 K I/O,
1 M I/O under development
10. Communication
Internal Communication
Access to Devices
Interfacing
H/W
Multiple communication protocols supported in a single system
Support for major PLCs/DCSs but not VME
S/W
API
ODBC, DDE and OLE I/F to PC Products
OPC Client and OPC Server
ActiveX Containers
Scalability
Database
Configuration DB, alarm DB, Archive DB, log DB and
RTDB resides in the memory of the servers
SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE
12. 1)Data acquisition
2)Alarms and event monitoring
3)Database and data login
4)Operator interface
5)Non real time control
6)Logging
7)MMI (men-machine interface) use
8)Automation, and
9)Report generation
4. MAIN FUNCTIONS
13. 5. CONTROLLING PROCESSES
I. Industrial processes include those of manufacturing,
production, power generation, fabrication, and refining, and
may run in continuous, batch, repetitive, or discrete modes.
II. Infrastructure processes may be public or private, and include
water treatment and distribution, wastewater collection and
treatment, oil and gas pipelines, electrical power transmission
and distribution, wind farms and large communication systems.
III. Facility processes occur both in public facilities and private
ones, including buildings, airports, ships, and space stations.
They monitor and control HVAC, access, and energy
consumption.
14. 6. COMPONENTS OF SCADA
1) HMI (Human Machine Interface): It is an apparatus that is
operated by human to monitor and control various processes.
2) PLC (Programmable Logic Controller): This controller is used
because they are very flexible, and economical than Remote
Terminal Units
3) Supervisory System: It collects process data and sends control
commands to the process.
4) RTU (Remote Terminal Units): This process is connected with
sensors to convert sensor signals into digital and sends digital
data to Supervisory System
5) Communication Infrastructure: It is connecting Supervisory
System to RLU’s
15. 7. SCADA ARCHITECTURE
oSCADA systems have evolved in parallel with the growth and sophistication of
modern computing technology. The following sections will provide a
description of the following three generations of SCADA systems:
1. First Generation: Monolithic
2. Second Generation: Distributed
3. Third Generation: Networked
1. First generation: Monolithic System; when SCADA systems
were first developed, the concept of computing in general centered on
“mainframe” systems. Networks were generally non-existent, and each
centralized system stood alone. As a result, SCADA systems were standalone
systems with virtually no connectivity to other systems. Wide Area Networks
were later designed by RTU vendors to communicate with the RTU. The
communication protocols used were often proprietary at that time. The first-
generation SCADA system was redundant since a back-up mainframe system
was connected at the bus level and was used in the event of failure of the
primary mainframe.
17. 2. Second generation: Distributed; the next generation of SCADA systems took
advantage of developments and improvement in system miniaturization and Local
Area Networking (LAN) technology to distribute the processing across multiple
systems. Multiple stations, each with a specific function, were connected to a LAN
and shared information with each other in real-time. These stations were typically
of the mini-computer class, smaller and less expensive than their first generation
processors.
Model of Distributed System:
18. 3. Third generation: Networked; The current generation of SCADA master station
architecture is closely related to that of the second generation, with the primary
difference being that of an open system architecture rather than a vendor
controlled, proprietary environment. There are still multiple networked systems,
sharing master station functions. There are still RTUs utilizing protocols that are
vendor-proprietary. The major improvement in the third generation is that of
opening the system architecture, utilizing open standards and protocols and
making it possible to distribute SCADA functionality across a WAN and not just a
LAN.
Model of Networked System:
19. 8. SECURITY ISSUES
The following are TSI’s (The Security Institute, a United Kingdom based professional body for security
professionals) recommendations to address some lingering security issues for SCADA:
1. Security of network communications: Implementation of strong encryption over the SCADA
network communications, to ensure that both monitored data and control commands are
encrypted.
2.Turning on security: Implementation of security features with devices on the network, especially
authentication. Using secure protocols whenever possible.
3. Knowing your SCADA network: Identifying all connections to external networks including wire-less
networks, corporate LANs and WANs, and the Internet. Also, securing the network by eliminating
all unnecessary connections to external networks.
1. Hardening of the SCADA environment: Removing all unnecessary services from the hosts on the
network. Also, just as in the corporate network environment, ensuring that all systems are
patched and up to date.
2. Conducting regular security audits: Ensuring that security practices and procedures, such as
incident response, are defined and implemented. Penetration testing of the network
environment should also be prudently conducted with inspection for potential back doors into
the SCADA network.
3. Implementing real-time threat protection: With the increasing number and complexity of attacks,
it's insufficient to simply patch the systems or maintain access/service control. One alternative is
to implement real-time threat protection in the form of network intrusion-prevention systems.
Unlike standard packet-filter firewalls, these systems perform application-layer inspection to
identify attacks that are carried in the payload and block the offending traffic in real time
20. The large territories and huge volumes of data SCADA can
handle form a formidable combination. Today’s SCADA systems
can manage anything from a few thousands to one million of
input/output channels.
The technology is still evolving in terms of sophistication as
well. SCADA systems as they are now can perform a large
variety of tasks and some systems have artificial intelligence
built into them. They are also more network-enabled, thus
paving the way for voice-data-control data convergence. With
proper planning and a custom-made installation, a SCADA
system becomes a valuable asset.
9. FUTURE OF SCADA