Unanswered Questions
1,969 questions with no upvoted or accepted answers
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Notation for vector density in Lagrangian density
Consider a manifold $M$ and a Lagrangian density $\mathcal{L} \equiv \mathcal{L}(\phi, \nabla \phi)$. By varying the action, one obtains the equation
$$\int_M \, dV \; \Big( \frac{\partial \mathcal{L}}...
- 207k
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Index theorem of Callias operator in physics
In the article "On the index type of Callias-type operator" (https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01896237) Anghel study the index of a Callias type operator over an odd dimensional complete ...
- 207k
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Are de Sitter, Anti-de Sitter and Minkowski spaces spatially infinite?
I am not someone who has studied general relativity, however have recently developed an interest in it. From what I have seen online, de Sitter, Minkowski and Anti-de Sitter spaces are often compared ...
- 207k
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How to derive Smarr formula for Kerr Black Hole?
Following is the Smarr formula for Kerr Black Hole
$$M=\frac{\kappa A}{4\pi}+2 \Omega J $$
where $\kappa, \Omega$, $J$ and $A$ are surface gravity, angular velocity, angular momentum and surface area ...
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End points of event horizon
I am reading The Nature of Space and Time by S. W. Hawking. In the last paragraph on page 16 he said that:
event horizon may have past end points but don't have any future end points
I understand ...
- 207k
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BTZ black hole as a quotient of AdS space
I am trying to understand this paper 1 and trying to reproduce some calculations and had some questions about that. In section 3.2, page 12, eq. 3.9, the authors are writing normal geodesics of an ...
- 207k
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Energy of the gravitational field within a sphere of radius $R$ in the Schwarzschild metric
The Landau-Lifshitz energy-momentum pseudotensor $t^{μν}$ is defined by
$$16πt^{μν}
= -2G^{μν} - g^{-1} \left[ -g \left( g^{μν}g^{αβ} - g^{μα}g^{νβ} \right) \right]_{,αβ}$$
where $g=\text{det}[g^{μν}]...
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Are Christoffel symbols in Schwarzschild metric symmetric?
Schwarzschild metric is following
$$ ds^2 = (1-\frac{r_s}{r})c^2dt^2 -\frac{dr^2}{1-\frac{r_s}{r}} - r^2d\theta^2 - r^2\sin^2(\theta)d\phi^2
$$
Metric tensor has only diagonal terms non zero from this ...
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Question about the toroidal magnetic field in quasars and the role of an ergosphere
1) Introduction
Most of astrophysical bodies (in this context: formed stars, young stellar objects and black holes) produce or are immersed in a non-zero magnetic field $\vec{B}$. It is common, since ...
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Are Landau-Lifshitz equations equivalent to Hamilton's equations for classical spins?
Let $\boldsymbol{s}_1$ describe a "classical spin", i.e. a point on the surface of a unit sphere embedded in $\mathbb{R}^3$. It can be parametrized, for example, as
$$ \boldsymbol{s}_1 = \...
- 207k
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Under what circumstances can a 4D singularity occur in General Relativity?
I've tried to find on the literature about 4D (single point) singularities, but most of the theorems about singularities pertain to either space-like or time-like singularities, which always have some ...
- 207k
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Does gravity accelerate you towards the geodesic of light between you and the mass?
If there's a planet far away, you will accelerate straight towards it due to gravity. If you place a Schwarzschild black hole right in the middle between you and the planet (the distance between the ...
- 207k
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Extrinsic Curvature Calculation on the Sphere
Given the following 2+1 dimensional metric:
$$ds^{2}=2k\left(dr^{2}+\left(1-\frac{2\sin\left(\chi\right)\sin\left(\chi-\psi\right)}{\Delta}\right)d\theta^{2}\right)-\frac{2\cos\left(\chi\right)\cos\...
- 207k
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Quantum field expansion and bogoliubov coefficients in the interior of a rotating black hole
I am trying to quantize a real scalar field in the interior of a rotating black hole (3+1 D, asymptotically flat). My question is regarding the modes of the radial part of the equation (obtained after ...
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On which bundle do QFT fields live?
In QFT, there is a vector field of electromagnetism, usually notated by $A$, which transforms as a 1-form under coordinate changes. Since quantum fields are operator-valued, I thought it is a section ...
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