Questions tagged [quantum-chromodynamics]
Quantum-ChromoDynamics (QCD) is the quantum field theory believed to describe the strong nuclear force.
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The commutation relations of photon and gluon?
In QED, the photon field has the following commutation relations:
\begin{equation}
[A^{\mu}(t,\vec{x}),A^{\nu}(t,\vec{y})]=0, \tag{1}
\end{equation}
where $A^{\mu}(t,\vec{x})$ is the photon filed. ...
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Asymptotic Freedom QCD
I'm trying to understand the derivation of asymptotic freedom with the renormalisation group equations. I'm reading Taizo Muta's book on QCD. What I don't understand is how he obtains the last ...
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QCD parton shower hard scale
Currently I'm studying parton showers from QCD and I'm having trouble with understanding how the hard scale $Q$ is related to the virtuality and energy of the parent parton. The Sudakov factor $\Delta(...
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Why does an all connected diagram contribute to two-point function?
I am recently reading E.Witten's review for $1/N$ expansion of QCD. In there, considering the main contribution of quark bilinears like $\bar{q}q$, then He mentions that in free field theory there is ...
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Why the kinetic term of the Hamiltonian has to be positive definite for well-posed time evolution?
I was going through this paper on QCD chaos, where in Appendix B (page 10), for equation B12:
$$\frac{\mathcal{S}}{\mathcal{T}}= \int \mathrm{d}t\sum _{n=0,1} \left(\dot{c}_n^2-c_n^2 \omega _n^2\right)...
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Evidence of more generations in the QCD beta function
We know that the beta function for QCD is
$$
\beta = -\left(11 - \dfrac{2N_f}{3}\right),
$$
where $N_f$ is the number of fermions in the theory. We have $\beta_{\text{SM}} = -7$.
Now, my question is, ...
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Is color charge internal symmetry or global symmetry?
I was told the color charge in the standard model could not be observed directly. This sounded like the gauge field $\vec A$ in the electromagnetism. However, it is a discrete charge and does have ...
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Visualization of a gauge field with non-null winding number
In QCD you may add the term $\mathcal{L}_{\theta} = \theta\dfrac{g^2}{16\pi^2} \text{Tr}F\tilde{F}$, which turns out to be a total derivative. Now, it can be proven that the action of this lagrangian ...
- 1,452
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How is the mass distributed in ordinary matter?
How is the mass distributed in ordinary matter?
In the ordinary things around us, we know that most of the mass is in the cores of the atoms, the electrons around it contributing only a very small ...
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Spinor-helicity formalism: relationship between 1 and 2 reference vector setups
The spinor-helicity formalism is usually set up so that for a massless vector boson (photon or gluon) with momentum $k$ an arbitrary reference momentum $p$ is introduced and the corresponding ...
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$SU(3)$ color charge
Is the color charge the Noether charge due to the "global" $SU(3)$ symmetry of the QCD Lagrangian, or is it due to the "local" symmetry of the QCD Lagrangian?
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Can an electron be produced inside a proton?
We know that inside a proton there is a sea of quarks, antiquarks and gluons. This happens as the valence quarks emit gluons which then split into a quark-antiquark pairs. These pairs become gluons ...
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What makes electric and magnetic fields in Yang-Mills theories gauge co-variant?
Specifically in QCD, why is it so?
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Wilson loop is not an element of $\mathrm{SU}(3)$ in color deconfinement
The center symmetry in QCD comes from the
$$a\ \mathcal{P}\mathrm{exp}\left(ig_s \int_C dx^\mu \ A_\mu(x)\right) a^{-1} = \mathcal{P}\mathrm{exp}\left(ig_s \int_C dx^\mu \ A_\mu(x)\right),$$
where $C$ ...
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Understading dimensions in quark bilinears
I have encountered myself with the following definition for $\pi$-fields as quark bilinears:
$$
\pi^a = i\bar{q}\tau^a \gamma_5 q \ ,\quad\text{with }\ q = \left(\begin{array}{c}u\\d\end{array}\right) ...
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Yang-Mills mass gap caused by gluonballs or because dark matter WIMPs?
Yang-Mills quantum field theory predicts the existence of the lightest massive Bosonic (i.e. integer spin) particle.
This massive Boson will be much lighter than the $W$ and $Z$ Boson and therefore ...
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How can I calculate action of $\mathfrak{su}(3)$ or other simple algebra ladder operators on "states" from the algebra commutators?
I wanted a way to "derive" Gell-Mann matrices for $\mathfrak{su}(3)$ and generalise this to other semi-simple algebras $\mathfrak{g}$. The way I wanted to approach this is start from the ...
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Ghosts in QCD Lagrangian
The QCD Lagrangian is
$$
\mathcal{L}_{\text{QCD}} = -\dfrac{1}{2} \text{Tr}\, G_{\mu\nu}G^{\mu\nu} + \sum_i^{N_f} \bar{q_i} \left(i \gamma^\mu \mathcal{D}_\mu - m_i\right)\,q_i, \tag{1}
$$
where $\...
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Colour Factor in QCD Pair Annihilation
My question occurred when I was reading Introduction to Elementary Particles by David J. Griffiths. In chapter 8, part 8.5, he is calculating the colour factor of quark-antiquark annihilation.
My ...
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Quark condensate and VEV of $\pi^0$
In David Tong's lectures on the Standard Model I saw that there is a quark condensate, which is just a Vacuum Expectation Value (VEV) of the $\bar{q}_{Li}\, q_{Ri}$ operator,
$$
\left< \bar{q}_{Li}...
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How to derive the gauge invariance of Yang-Mills action with external source?
In the Faddeev-Popov procedure of path integral of
$$
Z[J] = \int [DA] e^{iS(A,J)},
\quad S(A,J)= \int d^4x [-\frac{1}{4}F^{a\mu\nu}F_{a\mu\nu} + J^{a\mu}A_{a\mu} ]
$$
we have used that $S(A,J)$ is ...
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Motivation for the shape of the theta vacua
I understand that the reason why we construct the theta vacua is because instantons allow tunnelling between different vacuum states, $\left|n\right>$. This means that we have to consider a real ...
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Isospin doublet and quark content from contraction of quarks
Let's introduce a quark $SU(2)$ doublet. We are in the $m_u \approx m_d$ limit. So we have
$$
q = \begin{pmatrix}
u\\
d
\end{pmatrix}.
$$
Then we can construct the Nucleonic field
$$
N := q q q = \...
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Quark-Gluon vertex 1-loop correction in QCD
I'm trying to calculate the one loop correction to the quark-gluon vertex of QCD using euclidean formalism ($x^0 \rightarrow -ix^4$) and I'm having trouble to compute the integral in the picture below....
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What is the meaning of dynamically generated states in particle physics?
In hadron spectroscopy, a structure may be interpreted as various "configurations", such as conventional quark-antiquark states, tetraquarks, hybrid states, dynamically generated states or ...
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Do all antiquarks carry and anti-color charge, or can they carry RGB color charges as well?
I know there are antiquarks with anticolor charges. Are there also antiquarks that instead carry color charges?
Basically, which of these lists describes the types of quarks that there are:
List one:
...
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Euclidean LQCD not on a lattice?
How much the idea of calculating Euclidean path integrals in LQCD is fundamentally tied to using formulations based on the discretized spacetime lattice?
In computational approaches to quantum many-...
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How does the on-shell (OS) scheme work if we assume mass to be zero?
When calculating the self-energy correction of a massless quark up to one loop, I get
$$i\Sigma(p)=i\frac{\alpha_s}{4\pi}C_F/\!\!\!{p}\left[\frac{1}{\varepsilon_{\text{UV}}}-\gamma+\ln(4\pi)+1+\ln(\...
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Can $\gamma^5$ matrices be ignored in $q\bar{q}\to ZZ$ processes?
In the $q\bar{q}\to ZZ$ process, the following Feynman diagram in LO appears:
This means for each vertex, the Feynman amplitude contains a term proportional to $(g_V-g_A\gamma^5)$, which makes $D$-...
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Why are two gluons needed for Feynman diagram?
Why do we need two gluons for the decay $$\pi^-+ p\rightarrow\pi^-+n+\pi^+\:\:?$$
If we have always the gluon $$\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(r\bar{r}-g\bar{g})$$ it should be possible with only one gluon
...
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