All Questions
Tagged with quantum-chromodynamics gauge-theory
77
questions
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Is color charge internal symmetry or global symmetry?
I was told the color charge in the standard model could not be observed directly. This sounded like the gauge field $\vec A$ in the electromagnetism. However, it is a discrete charge and does have ...
- 3,256
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votes
1
answer
59
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Visualization of a gauge field with non-null winding number
In QCD you may add the term $\mathcal{L}_{\theta} = \theta\dfrac{g^2}{16\pi^2} \text{Tr}F\tilde{F}$, which turns out to be a total derivative. Now, it can be proven that the action of this lagrangian ...
- 1,611
-2
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answer
68
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What makes electric and magnetic fields in Yang-Mills theories gauge co-variant?
Specifically in QCD, why is it so?
- 33
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47
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How to derive the gauge invariance of Yang-Mills action with external source?
In the Faddeev-Popov procedure of path integral of
$$
Z[J] = \int [DA] e^{iS(A,J)},
\quad S(A,J)= \int d^4x [-\frac{1}{4}F^{a\mu\nu}F_{a\mu\nu} + J^{a\mu}A_{a\mu} ]
$$
we have used that $S(A,J)$ is ...
- 99
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45
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QCD in Coulomb Gauge Kernel Expansion
I was re-reading the Hamiltonian QCD in Coulomb gauge section in Particle Physics and Introduction to Field Theory by T.D. Lee and I was trying to understand better the form of the Coulomb kernel that ...
- 45
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Why is it justified to focus on gauge transformations constant at spatial infinity in QCD instantons?
In the context of Yang-Mills theories and QCD instantons, much of the literature and conventional treatment hinges on the consideration of gauge transformations that remain constant at spatial ...
- 841
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35
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Question about semiclassical approach to QCD
I'm struggling to understand the usefulness of the semiclassical approach to QCD. In particular, by using this approach, we can analyze the vacuum structure of QCD, including theta-vacua, $n$-vacua, ...
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268
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Why is there only one coupling constant in Yang-Mills theory? Why are gluon self-coupling and gluon-matter coupling constants the same?
Is it non-trivial that the coupling constant $g$ in gluon self-interaction terms is the same as the coupling constant $g$ in gluon-fermion interaction term in Yang-Mills theory?
Pure Yang-Mills theory ...
- 192
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244
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One-loop renormalization of the gauge coupling
Quoting Yuji Tachikawa, chapter 3 of "${\cal N}=2$ Supersymmetric Dynamics for Pedestrians":
Recall the one-loop renormalization of the gauge coupling in a general Lagrangian field theory $$...
user242231
3
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1
answer
59
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Can I switch the convention of QCD by replacing coupling constant $g$ with $-g$?
There are two equivalent conventions in QCD that give two different definitions of the covariant derivative operator: ${D_\mu } = {\partial _\mu } - {\rm{i}}gA_\mu ^\alpha {T_\alpha }$ and ${D_\mu } = ...
- 41
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78
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Color confinement vs. Weak charge confinement
Sometimes, color confinement is explained loosely by stating that the gauge group of QCD, namely SU(3), is non-abelian gauge group and, therefore, tends to form narrow "flux tubes" through ...
- 1,640
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107
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What would the force arising from an $SU(4)$ gauge field operate like? (As in, how many charges, whether the boson would interact with the force, etc)
Heyo, i'm new to this all, and deadly curious what this would look like. If this isn't specific enough, lemme know.
1
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67
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$SU(N)$ gauge theory in black hole background
Assume you have standard $SU(N)$ gauge theory in a (non-asymptotically flat) black hole background (i.e., near the center of the black hole).
Given the extreme pressure and temperature, I assume that ...
- 2,188
3
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258
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What makes the (non-abelian) strong interaction so special that it leads to confinement?
The strong interaction has a coupling constant of $\alpha_s(91GeV)\approx 0.1$ whereas the weak interaction has a much lower coupling constant $\alpha_w \approx 10^{-6}$. Both theories are non-abelian ...
- 9,778
9
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answer
1k
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What is confinement?
I just got confused about the meaning of confinement in QFT.
The naive definition is that in QCD one cannot observe isolated quarks and gluons. This is a trivial statement because in any gauge theory ...
1
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1
answer
320
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What are clover fermions?
I've seen the term been used quite a lot when reading about lattice gauge theory calculations. So far what I've gathered is the following, from this source [1].
Lorentz invariance of the action is ...
- 5,371
3
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124
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The 1-loop anomalous dimension of massless quark field for $SU(N)$ gauge theory with $n_f$ quark flavours
Considering $SU(N)$ gauge theory with $n_f$ massless quarks
I want to find the anomalous dimension to order of 1-loop of the massless quark field, that defined by: $$\gamma_q(g^{(R)})=\frac{1}{2Z_q}\...
12
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1
answer
1k
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How many colors really are there in QCD?
In abelian gauge theory (electrodynamics), the matter fields transform like (please correct me if I am wrong)
$$
|\psi\rangle\rightarrow e^{in\theta(x)}|\psi\rangle\tag{1}
$$
under a gauge ...
- 133
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233
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The heat bath algorithm for $SU(3)$ lattice gauge field
I'm studying lattice gauge theory and succeeded in simulating $U(1)$, $SU(2)$ with a heat bath algorithm. However, I have difficulty in applying the algorithm to $SU(3)$. I refer to Gattringer and ...
- 165
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83
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How does the electroweak interaction and QCD form $SU(2)$ and $SU(3)$?
I'm trying to get a foothold into quantum field theory from a mathematical background. I see the use of $SU(2)$ and $SU(3)$ in gauge theory and wonder the following questions to help me bring QFT ...
- 101
3
votes
2
answers
313
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Normalisation of QCD Lagrangian
In QCD, and more generally in representations of $\mathfrak{su}(N)$, there is a freedom to choose the normalisation of the generators,
$$
\mathrm{Tr} \, \left[R(T^a) R(T^b)\right] = T_R \delta^{ab}.\...
- 264
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68
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Abelian theories with more than one charge
I have a question about the non-abelian character of QCD. In order to write a gauge-invariant Lagrangian, there must be a term with the strength tensor $X^{\mu\nu}_{a}X_{\mu\nu}^{a}$ where
$$
X^a_{\mu\...
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1
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108
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Can a gauge theory with $SU(2)_{left}*SU(2)_{additional}$ symmetry contain confinement?
Consider a gauge theory with $SU(2)_{left}*SU(2)_{additional}$ symmetry.
By $additional$, I mean adding a new symmetry between an electron and a quark(like up quark and electron forming a doublet).
...
- 1,268
5
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1
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430
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How do $\theta$-terms not violate gauge invariance?
In the context of QCD (and more generally, any quantum gauge theory in even dimensions), the $\theta$-term is
$$
\frac{\theta}{8\pi^2}\langle F_A\wedge F_A\rangle = \frac{\theta}{32\pi^2}\langle F_A^{\...
- 338
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237
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Polyakov loops and Wilson loops as order parameters
At zero temperature, the confinement/deconfinement criterion is the area/length law of the following non-local parameter called the Wilson loop:
\begin{eqnarray}
W=\text{Tr}\exp\left(\oint_CA_idx^i\...
- 813
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1k
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Color symmetry and flavor symmetry in QCD
In QCD, there is an SU(3) color symmetry for each flavor of quark as well as an SU(3) flavor symmetry for $u, d, s$ (although the latter is approximate). Why is there a gauge field for the SU(3) color ...
- 1,653
4
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396
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What is the matrix form of the gluon field strength tensor?
For electromagnetism, the matrix form
$$\Bbb{F}^{\mu \nu}=\begin{pmatrix} 0 & E_x/c, & E_y/c & E_z /c \\ -E_x/c & 0 & B_z & -B_y \\ -E_y /c & -B_z & 0 & B_x \\ -...
- 1,548
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167
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QCD generating functional and QCD vacuum from nonperturbative to perturbative regime!
The complete generating functional in QCD (starting from the most general renormalizable, Lorentz invariant and gauge invariant Lagrangian) given by $$Z_\theta[J]=\int \mathcal{D}A \exp i\int d^4x~ {\...
- 26.8k
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2
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2k
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What's the difference between perturbative QCD, non-perturbative QCD, and gauge theory QCD?
I'm trying to get the ideal of QCD, and it turns out that there seems to be several versions, and some of which does not appear to agree with each other at a glance.
What's the difference, and how ...
- 3,256
3
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58
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Topological number and gauge invariance
In QCD or other non-abelian gauge theories, we come across infinitely many vacua that are gauge equivalent but have different topological numbers. We then say that the instanton solution is tunnelling ...
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