Questions tagged [material-science]
The study of how the properties of matter arise from its structure at all scales and of how processing can be used to modify those properties (often in pursuit of a specific application).
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Why defects don't have an effective charge in metals?
In semiconductors and insulators, crystal defects, e.g., vacancies and interstitials, are treated as having an effective charge. In metals, however, defects are treated as neutral. I can expect that ...
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Calculating tension in a pressurized container [closed]
Suppose I have a pressurized spherical container made of 1 mm thick aluminum. The container has pressure P and internal volume V. How would I calculate the tension in the aluminum?
The aim of this is ...
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Is X-Ray-Emission-Containing Phosphorescence possible or is it limited to Immediate-Emission XRF?
This was a random thought that I wanted to follow up on. I know some materials can take in and kick out X-Rays in XRF (Though most x-ray scintillators tend to emit mostly visible light, not x-rays). ...
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Potential of Monolayer Graphene as a High-Precision Cutting Material
"I am exploring the use of monolayer graphene as a cutting material for high-precision applications. We know that graphene has exceptional mechanical properties, such as high strength and ...
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What is the material with the highest mass enhancement factor?
The electron phonon coupling mass enhancement factor $\lambda$ is a measure of the strength of this coupling. This quantity can be measured experimentally. For instance, Pb has a factor of 1.55 ...
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How can we calculate entropy produced by plastic deformation in this example?
Suppose we have a massless spring of spring constant $k$ attached to a mass $m$ at equilibrium position $x_{0}$ at temperature $T$. The mass may oscillate in one dimension only for simplicity. We ...
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Electron microscopy and Interatomic distances of miller planes [duplicate]
I am studying Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and have been seeing in articles TEM images of different materials typically come accompanied by these diffraction patterns, caused by the ...
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Could a transparent frequency-altering material be possible?
I would imagine a material that is transparent but a electromagnetic wave going out will have a lower frequency than when going in (and maintaining it's direction). You could build glasses to see UV-...
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The absorption of infrared light for regular materials, like fabric wallets backpacks and clothes
I work as a brand partner for a company that produces a patch which strengthens the production of stemcells in the body.
The patches are activated with the help of the bodys own infrared radiation.
I ...
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What step is missing from this transformation of the Clausius-Mossotti relation into the Garnett-Maxwell equation?
When deriving the Maxwell-Garnett equation for composite systems (host material with dielectric particles disposed in it), the steps generally taken are
Step 1) Equate the Clausius-Mossotti equation ...
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Light acceleration method using inhomogeneous material mediia
Some time ago I posted this question but I reckon it was too vague. Nontheless, I've been working on it and I've come up with some interesting conclusions. My question is: can light be subject to an ...
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How does it work with permeability?
I have a question regarding the permeability for a material, if I have an electromagnet of two different materials. So also two different values for permeability, does the lowest value for ...
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Structure factor correct calculation
I have a set of 2D points and wish to test it for hyperuniformity.
As I've learned from papers, the good idea is to calculate structure factor $S(\mathbf {q})$ and test it for
$$\lim _{\mathbf {q} \to ...
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Flatband with our Moire Physics
Is there any material Class available where the lattice vectors are in the order of several nm instead of Angstrom? I am looking for some exotic not well studies lattice class which can be ...
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Does a rubber mat reduce the impact to the floor below?
My lack of physics knowledge is preventing me from solving an everyday life problem. Please bear with me!
Say I have a second-floor apartment and I want to do deadlifts. I am afraid of the floor ...
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Reason for stress and strain
Do you think that the stress is due to strain or vice versa?
I have this doubt because of two of the following scenarios:
Consider the case of the rigidly fixed bar. It is now heated (say be some ...
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Bulk modulus of metals at room temperature
Imagine a sample of solid metal at room temperature. It exhibits resistance to compression which is expressed as its bulk modulus. Part of this resistance originates from a treatment of the ...
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What is the maximum load in the puncture resistance formula?
I've been trying to research how fencing jackets work and I've learned about puncture resistance but I was trying to find the formula for how it was calculated and I found this website that gives me ...
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Limit of proportionality for compression of materials
Similar to how there is a limit of proportionality for the extension of materials, is there a limit of proportionality for the compression of materials. If there is, then what sort of structural ...
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What is the unit cell and the bravais lattice of a perovskite?
First year PhD. student here. I keep trying to wrap my head around what kind of bravais lattice and how does the unit cell of a perovskite look? I am specifically interested in bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3)...
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Predicting electrical mean free path in nanostructures?
How does one roughly predict the
mean free path for
electrical conduction
in a nanostructure at different temperatures and under different electrical conditions such as different voltages and ...
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Can doping significantly decrease a monolayer semiconductor's band gap to almost metallic levels?
I am currently an undergraduate student tackling DFT calculations on my 3x3 CsGeBr3 perovskite monolayer with Fe-doping and Biaxial Straining using Quantum Espresso thru BURAI. I have found out that ...
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Identifying symmetries of rank 2 tensors
Let's say I have a material with permittivity tensor: $$ \epsilon_1 = \begin{pmatrix} \epsilon_{xx} & \epsilon_{xy} & 0 \\
\epsilon_{xy} & \epsilon_{yy} & 0 \\
0 & 0 & \...
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Are there any materials known to be harder than diamond under high pressure as of April 2024?
This is a variation of this question where I asked if materials under high pressure can break standard pressure density records.
I am curious about materials that become superhard under very high ...
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Please suggest a good book on Material Sciences and Thin Films
I am a fourth semester student of a Bachelor's Degree in Physics.
The only graduate level book that I have read on Solid State Physics is
An Introduction To Solid State Physics by Charles Kittel
But ...
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Why are there triclinic and monoclinic lattices, but biclinic is never mentioned?
When classifying the Bravais lattices we have the
triclinic (point group ${\rm C_i}$) and the monoclinic $({\rm C_{2h}})$ cases, but we do not see the "biclinic" case listed. Why not?
It ...
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We know that people can hear whether the water is hot or cold from the act of pouring, but have we ever considered the shape and material of the cup? [closed]
We know that one can hear whether water is hot or cold from the act of pouring, which is related to the viscosity of the water, the column of air inside the container, and the overall vibration of the ...
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Physical interpretation of a dielectric's absorption curve
A given dielectric will behave as an absorbing medium for some frecuencies (those near one of the material's several resonant frequencies), whilst it will behave as a non-absorbing medium for the rest ...
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If a material is homogeneous in $\varepsilon$, can this material be made of different atoms?
I'm currently trying to derive the microscopic expression for the dielectric constant of a material following my proffessor's notes. However, he admits that, even though he assumes $\varepsilon=...
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How do materials scientists find and make candidate materials?
When searching for new materials that might exhibit interesting quantum effects such as superconductors or topological insulators, how do experimental physicists go about the process of making ...
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Carrier Recombination Lifetime in Thermal Equilibrium
All the books I read talk about carrier recombination lifetime when the semiconductor material is pushed out of equilibrium. But let's say the material is in equilibrium ( where generation and ...
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What happens when slip direction is the same as applied force?
Using the equation
$$ \tau R = \sigma y \cos \left( \phi \right) \cos \left( λ \right) \tag{1} $$
means that when the angle $\phi$ between the tensile axis and slip plane normal is $90$, $\cos \left( ...
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Why don't all metals have closed pack structures?
A lot of times, in my materials classes, metal atoms' behavior during deformation is described like a bunch of stacked balls. In my introduction to material class, our professors explained that metals ...
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Cross Section Area
When bending sheet metal in a press brake, it stretches slightly. For example, if I had a piece of steel 200 mm long by 1 mm thick and bent it in half, the two legs will each be longer than 100 mm so ...
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Is there a way to theoretically estimate the restitution coefficient of a rubber ball?
Let's consider a rubber ball like the ones shown in the picture:
When dropped onto the floor, the ball will rebound, but it won't regain its initial height.
The restitution coefficient is defined as ...
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Changing element and isotope ratio ratio in material in space
Suppose we have a satellite orbiting Earth with a component made of 6061 aluminium alloy.
Would cosmic radiation cause the element and isotope ratio of the component to change in a clearly measurable ...
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What is a general definition of bulk modulus?
For a perfectly elastic body, Bulk modulus always remains constant and is defined as,
$$B=-V_i \frac{\Delta P}{\Delta V} \tag{1}$$
Which means,
$$B \left(\frac{V_f -V_i}{V_i}\right)= -(P_f-P_i)$$
But, ...
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Does glass slowly (invisibly) degrade until it breaks?
(This question is about non-tempered glass.)
I broke my favorite glass (tumbler) today, dropping it in my (ceramic) sink while trying to refill it. :(
I'm kind of a klutz - that's far from the first ...
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Does a noise protection wall cancel out sound on the opposite side of the acoustic source?
My town wants to build a noise protection wall on one side along railway tracks. Houses are on both sides of the railway tracks. Obviously the noise protection wall will cancel out sound on the ...
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Why is red the brightest in the emission spectra of Hydrogen Gas?
I was studying a very simplified intro to Spectroscopy.
The following diagram shows the emission spectra of Hydrogen Gas:
Credit: NASA, ESA, and L. Hustak (STScI)
My Question: In the spectra, the ...
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Do contact forces form a field/wave?
Non-contact forces like gravitational forces exist between two objects in any medium because of the establishment of a field/wave.
Since at an atomic level, 'physical' contact won't really be possible ...
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What is the meaning of screened potential? [closed]
I keep reading that it is supposed to account for the particle-medium interactions, but why do we need another potential besides the Coulomb one that includes the interaction between every particle in ...
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Can the polar crystalline polymorphs of PVDF (beta, gamma or delta) be tuned to respond to ultra-high frequency sources?
I am interested in determining whether or not it is possible to tune, by polling and/or nanomaterial loading, PVDF such that it would respond to stimulus from ionizing radiation such as Gamma rays.
...
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Determining the condcutivity of a material by method of contactless resistance caused by putting a sample rod in the inductor of an RLC circuit
I'm doing an experiment where I'm trying to determine the conductivity of a material by putting a sample rod in the center of a coil which is a part of an RLC circuit with an AC generator.
I was told ...
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How can I assess the validity of a time-temperature superposition (TTS) master curve obtained from stress relaxation experiments?
I'm working on analyzing the viscoelastic behavior of a elastomer using time-temperature superposition (TTS) techniques based on stress relaxation experiments. I've come across various conditions for ...
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Does infrared radiation emitted by an object happen only from its surface, or is emission also from the centre of the object?
Textbook answer of how radiation is emitted is from the surface. Does the inside of a object also emit infrared?
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Vibrating object on optical table
Wikipedia says this about optical tables:
Many optical systems require that vibration of optical elements be kept small. As a result, optical tables are typically very heavy and incorporate vibration ...
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Is natural frequency a local or global property?
Some objects have a natural frequency. This can be anything from a metal ball to a table, etc. When we hit such an object, it will start vibrating with a certain frequency $f$. Because of damping the ...
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What is current density and is it a material property?
Current density has the units (Ampere/cm2) so by that is the total current flowing through a cross-section divided by the area of that cross-section.
I'm working on developing a water electrolyzer ...
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Question regarding Neel temperature for antiferromagnetic material
I am doing an experiment, where I find that the neel temperature (AFM - PM transition) of a sample is increasing with increase in the magnetic field. Although I tried to find an explanation, I could ...
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