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0 votes
3 answers
2k views

Finding the formula for the summation $\sum_{i=1}^n (2i-1) = 1+3+5+...+(2n-1)$.

I'm going through Calculus by Spivak and one of the questions is to find a formula for a summation. $$\sum_{i=1}^n (2i-1) = 1+3+5+...+(2n-1).$$ I got the correct answer, $n^2$, but did it an ...
-1 votes
1 answer
70 views

Formula to increase x by y z times [closed]

What is the formula to increase x by y z times? For example the number 4 I want to increase by 4 50 times. I added it out (4+8+12+16+20+24 etc....to 204) and got the right answer 5304 but what is ...
2 votes
4 answers
273 views

How did Rudin change the order of the double sum $\sum_{n=0}^\infty c_n\sum_{m=0}^n\binom nma^{n-m}(x-a)^m$?

I see many people change the order of sum but I don't understand how they did that. Is there is a way to change the order of the sum, $\sum\limits_{k=a}^n\sum\limits_{j=b}^m X_{j,k}$ and $\sum\...
4 votes
3 answers
121 views

Show $\sum_{i=0}^n{i\frac{{n \choose i}i!n(2n-1-i)!}{(2n)!}}=\frac{n}{n+1}$

How can this identity be proved? $$\sum_{i=0}^n{i\frac{{n \choose i}i!n(2n-1-i)!}{(2n)!}}=\frac{n}{n+1}$$ I encountered this summation in a probability problem, which I was able to solve using ...
0 votes
1 answer
139 views

Proof that the square root of the mean of the squares is always greater than or equal to the mean of weighted values

I couldn’t think of a better title, but basically you are given some values $x_1$, $\ldots$, $x_n$ and some weights $p_1$, $\ldots$, $p_n$ (with $x_k\in\mathbb{R}$ and $p_k\in[0,1]$, also $p_1+\ldots+...
0 votes
0 answers
98 views

If $\sum_{i=1}^n x_i \ge a$, then what can we know about $\sum_{i=1}^n \frac{1}{x_i}$?

Suppose that $$\sum_{i=1}^n x_i \ge a$$ where $a>0$ and $x_i\in (0, b]$ for all $i$. Are there any bounding inequalities we can determine for $$\sum_{i=1}^n \frac{1}{x_i}?$$ I understand that $\...
1 vote
0 answers
137 views

Simple algebra in rearring terms

I have a very simple mathematical question, and it is just about algebra which seems very tedious. First, let me state my problem from the beginning: Let $i$ be an index representing countries ($i = {...
1 vote
3 answers
66 views

I want to use integration for performing summation in Algebra

I am a class 9th student. Sorry if my problem is silly. I am trying to find the sum of squares from 1 to 10. For this I tried summation, and it was fine. But now I came to know that Integration can be ...
2 votes
1 answer
129 views

Let $A_{k}=\{0,... ,n\}\setminus\{k\}.$ How to prove $\sum_{k=0}^{n}\left[(-1)^{k+1}\prod_{\substack{i,j\in A_{k}\\i<j}}(a_{i}-a_{j})\right]=0$?

Let $A_{k}=\{0,1,\ldots,n\}\setminus\{k\}$ for each $k=0,1,\ldots ,n$. I think that the following equality is true for all $n\in\mathbb{N}, n\geq 2$ : \begin{align} \sum_{k=0}^{n}\left[(-1)^{k+1}\...
0 votes
0 answers
20 views

Finding a sufficient condition for dividends to be nonnegative

The Harsanyi dividend is defined as follows: $d_v (S) = \sum_{R \subseteq S} (-1)^{|S|-|R|} v(R)$ Supermodularity is defined as follows, for $S \subseteq T \subseteq N$: $v(S \cup \{i\}) - v(S) \leq v(...
3 votes
1 answer
205 views

Is there a sequence where the average of the squares is proportional to the square of the average?

Usually in math, the order of operations matters when you do anything more complicated than addition or multiplication. If you have a list of numbers, whether you apply the average or the squaring ...
1 vote
0 answers
103 views

Restructuring Jacobi-Anger Expansion

In Jacobi-Anger expansion, $$e^{\iota z \sin(\theta)}$$ can be written as: $$e^{\iota z \sin(\theta)} = \sum_{n=-\infty}^{\infty} J_n(z)e^{\iota n \theta}$$ where $J_n(z)$ is the Bessel function of ...
2 votes
1 answer
47 views

Double Sum to Product Derivation

The function after the double-sigma sign can be separated into the product of two terms, the first of which does not depend on $s$ and the second of which does not depend on $r$. Source Is the ...
6 votes
4 answers
3k views

if 1, $\alpha_1$, $\alpha_2$, $\alpha_3$, $\ldots$, $\alpha_{n-1}$ are nth roots of unity then...

if 1, $\alpha_1$, $\alpha_2$, $\alpha_3$, $\ldots$, $\alpha_{n-1}$ are nth roots of unity then $$\frac{1}{1-\alpha_1} + \frac{1}{1-\alpha_2} + \frac{1}{1-\alpha_3}+\ldots+\frac{1}{1-\alpha_n} = ?$$ ...
141 votes
36 answers
308k views

Proof that $1+2+3+4+\cdots+n = \frac{n\times(n+1)}2$

Why is $1+2+3+4+\ldots+n = \dfrac{n\times(n+1)}2$ $\space$ ?

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