Welcome to Stack Exchange. Really the best way to determine if and to what extent the carbon fiber has been damaged is via ultrasound which will reveal whether the carbon layers have begun to separate. This is called delamination and areas where this is occuring are structurally weaker. That you have not visualized any obvious damage coupled with an apparently negative tap test is encouraging. One place to begin is to enlist the assistance of a bike shop where staff have at least more experience seeing a variety of carbon fiber damage. Also, it's likely they have access to further resources--namely, an individual or business specializing in carbon fiber fabrication and issues relating to it. A Google search for carbon fiber experts will yield results of many businesses specializing in carbon fiber analysis and repair (and specific to bicycle frames, though that needn't be a limiting factor if there is an entity close to your location you feel you can trust an evaluation with). Often, these businesses start the process with you communicating a description of the accident, photos, and details of the bike model. From there, you will get advice on how to proceed.
The process to this point is generally one that doesn't require compensation of a monetary nature. You should follow any contact instructions they may give you and use good quality photos and the narrative should be clear, thorough but succinct. Eventually these businesses will require the bike frame to be properly shipped or delivered to them at your cost for further evaluation and possible repair.
Regarding the chip near the dropout: it looks silver and shiny in the photos. Like metal. Oftentimes, a carbon fiber bike or fork will have aluminum dropouts bonded into the carbon fiber portion of the frame. This may be the case here if it is, in fact, a gouge in metal. It would still bear watching for any changes but I'd be more confident continuing to ride a gouged aluminum part as opposed to a carbon fiber one.
