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Blockchain in 2017 - all you need to know
Public
Vladimir Savchenko,
ISTA Conference, Sofia
November 17, 2017
© 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 2Public
© 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 3Public
Cryptocurrencies vs Blockchain
Blockchain
Cryptocurrencies
Bitcoin Blockchain
Software
Office Tools
Microsoft Office
Word
© 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 4Public
What is a Block Chain?
1 6 9
Block Hash: BB
Prev Block: AA
Crypto Signature
5 3 2
Block Hash: AA
Prev Block: --
Crypto Signature
7 A B
Block Hash: CC
Prev Block: BB
Crypto Signature
• A Transaction can be:
• Alice sends $100 to Bob
• Charlie arrived at 10:23
• Daniel is born on 22.04.1994
Each transaction
is signed by the
sender

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Foreword This paper is the result of a research project carried out by Labs in EVRY Financial Services during the fall of 2015. The content of this report is the result of a comprehensive study, featuring online sources, literary works, as well as recordings of financial conferences such as Consensus 2015 and Fintech Week 2015. We aim to provide a comprehensive report detailing the opportunities, challenges and key success factors for financial institutions looking to leverage the opportunities presented by blockchain technology. We hope you enjoy this study and that it helps give you greater understanding.

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Gartner Hype Cycle for Emerging Technologies – Aug’2016
https://news.bitcoin.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Emerging-Technology-Hype-Cycle-for-
2016_Infographic_no-url-01-Forbes-1200x950-1024x811.png
© 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 6Public
© 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 7Public
Amara’s Law
We tend to
overestimate the effect of a technology
in the short run
and
underestimate the effect in the long run
© 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 8Public
Amara’s Law

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The document discusses the rise of cryptocurrencies, blockchain technology, and smart contracts as representing a new wave of decentralization. It describes how blockchain acts as a distributed public ledger that allows digital transactions to be recorded in a verifiable way without a central authority. Blockchain technology is enabling the disintermediation of financial and political institutions through applications such as digital currencies, peer-to-peer lending, and crowdfunding. The document outlines several potential use cases for blockchain and discusses how it could disrupt industries through decentralized applications, organizations, and networks.

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Blockchain
“Could”
Change the World
As we Know it
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What is the problem to be solved?
Asset In use by
Notebook 1 I01234
Notebook 2 I02344
Notebook3 I43333
Beamer I04453
Telepresence I12345
 SAP Labs’ IT Department list of assets and owners
© 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 11Public
What is the problem to be solved?
Asset In Use By Owner
Notebook 1 I01234 SAP
3D Printer x I02333 Software AG
Notebook 2 I02344 SAP
Notebook 2 I43333 SAP
Beamer SoftwareAG SAP
Telepresence SoftwareAG SAP
 Sharing assets
Asset In Use By Owner
Notebook 3 S0344 Software AG
3D Printer x SAP Software AG
Beamer S0123 SAP
Telepresence S0122 SAP
© 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 12Public
What is the problem to be solved?
Asset In Use By Owner
 Sharing assets – scale out
Asset In Use By Owner Asset In Use By Owner
Asset In Use By Owner
Asset In Use By Owner
Asset In Use By Owner
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What is the problem to be solved?
 Sharing assets – Intermediation / Centralization
Asset In Use By Current
Owner
Orignal
Owner
Notebook 1 I01234 SAP Software AG
3D Printer x S3444 SAP Software AG
Notebook 2 I02344 SAP Bosch
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Beamer S3444 Siemens SAP
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What is the problem to be solved? Asset Manager
by Best_Of_Trust
 If data is centralized in Asset Manager
 Honey Pot for hackers
 Could skip/delete/add some entries on purpose or due to fraud
 Ensure HA 99.99999%
 Data Centers around the world, to ensure fast access
 Operate Decentralized Database, synchronizing data from
all Data Centers
 All this drives costs up for participating companies
© 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 15Public
Blockchain to the rescue
P2P Network
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Content: Asset X  Siemens
Signature: SAP
Transaction: Tn
Content: Asset Y -> Bosch
Signature: Siemens
© 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 16Public
Blockchain to the rescue
T1 Tn…..
Pending transactions pool
1 6 9
Block Hash: BB
Prev Block: AA
Signed by: SAP
Validates
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Accepted
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Blockchain to the rescue
1 6 9
Block Hash: BB
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 Immutability
 Cannot delete and modify transactions
 Inclusion
 No transactions are ignored
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What else…
 Cybercrime protection
 If a company is breached and data stolen/encrypted  Blockchain has it
all
 If some insider tries to tamper with data  All transactions and blocks are
signed
 DDoS attacks are much more harder due to the distributed setup
 Robustness
 Out-of-the-box resilience, high-availability and disaster-recovery
 Including new nodes and datacenters is easy
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What else…
 Disintermediation / No 3rd Parties
 No longer intermediaries are required to ensure and sell trust, between
parties that do not trust each other completely
 Transparency
 Parties can agree to share some or all data -> no need to
synchronize Databases
 Audits and Compliance checks are done directly
How can this be used
productively?

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Public Blockchains
P2P Network
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Public Blockchains
• Everybody can make transactions about their own
resources
• Miners make sure rules are enforced
• They are paid in the network’s currency and thus – mine it
• Complex cryptography and consensus algorithms are
used to ensure the blockchain is immutable and trusted
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Crypto Currencies and Assets
• What is a Crypto Currency / Asset
• Mostly Tokens, which are distributed or mined via a public blockchain
• Cryptography ensures they can be transferred securely w/o 3rd
parties
• Duplicates cannot be made
• Transactions can not be reversed
• Limited Supply - New tokens are generated following specific rules
 Similar like trading Gold, Gems and other valuables. Just much
more easier
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Crypto Currencies and Assets
• Thousands cryptocurrencies with > $150 billions market cap
• All of them are in research / development phase right now
• Focus on different aspects:
• Privacy
• Performance
• Consensus Algorithms
• Asset sharing
• …
• Main use case in 2016/2017
• Some cryptocurrencies prices rose by 10x within a month, others 100x within an year
• Bitcoin: $700 -> $8000
• Ethereum: $10  $400
is Speculation due to FOMO (Fear Of Missing Out)

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Fundraising
• Traditional fundraising
• Pitch against some Venture Capital firm in several rounds
• Get 1, 10, 50 millions $ per round based on sound results
and hard work
• Private investors are almost unable to join the party
© 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 26Public
Fundraising
• Coin-based fundraising – ICO – Initial Coin Offer
• Invent a coin/token, e.g. VladiCoin
• Tie it to some project, e.g. 1 VladiCoin = 1 mb of ultra/hyper fast virtual
drinks
• Pay for a nice Web Page (5000$), write 10 pages White Paper
• Sell 1,000,000,000 coins for 0.10$ (But in Bitcoin, to avoid regulation)
• Earn between $1-100 millions (based on Twitter and media noise)
• No delivery required
• No regulation (Though some countries try to apply some)
• 100+ ICOs per month
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Government / Public Administration
• E-Voting
• Blockchain will ensure that the voices are counted properly
• Homo-morhic encryption and Zero Knowledge Proofs will ensure privacy is kept
• Public Auctions, etc
• Reducing the number of intermediaries will make the more transparent
• Land Registry
• No longer required as Land Ownership will be recorded on the blockchain
• Notaries
• Deprecated, once people and companies can transfer assets via the blockchain
w/o mutually trusting each other
• GovTech
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Finance
• Part of bigger FinTech movement.
• Banks are afraid that if they do not innovate, others will
• One of the few industries, not disrupted by Internet yet
• Many intermediaries involved
• Lots of them subject to cybercrime
• Lot’s of paperwork to synchronize ledgers due to missing trust and
regulation requirements, audits, etc..
• Lot’s of inefficiencies and room for errors, bribery and fraud
• Transferring electronic money between 2 accounts taking couple of days
• All this at the expense of the customers
•  Finance is currently heading to blockchain revolution at full speed

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The price of Trust?
• In LEAN Terms: Earning Trust is Waste, but you can’t do
business without it
• Today, we buy Trust from intermediaries, so we can exchange
assets securely
• Blockchain technology, allows us to digitize Trust and make it
productive

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Blockchains will revolutionize and disrupt many industries like finance, banking, real estate, and healthcare by enabling decentralization and transparency. Blockchain properties include immutable and transparent data visible to all participants, strong cryptography, peer-to-peer communications, and the ability to be public or private. Popular consensus algorithms like Proof of Work and Proof of Stake achieve consensus. Major blockchain uses include digital currency, payments, file storage, web protocols, tokenized assets, insurance, and healthcare.

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What is Bitcoin, why it succeed? How it works? How developers could integrate Bitcoin payment to their systems The video in the slides is available at : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W0qn3oPYo5c

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© 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 33Public
Words of Caution
• The technology is in a massive hype state
• It will take some years until hype and reality are split
• Experts claim, that Blockchain can be compared to Internet as of late 90s
• Lots of Hype
• DotCom balloon
• Most probably the Google, Facebook and Ebay of Blockchain are lurking in
some university
• Yet, the coming years will be very interesting, lot’s of new companies will
rise, lot’s will fail
© 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 34Public
Future is bright
• For the economics in the developed countries – this has
to potential to improve processes and decrease
burocracy
• For economics in countries with corrupt governments –
this would increase peer-pressure, which could lead to
improved results
• For the developing world – blockchain could help to
improve work conditions, bring people closer to wealth
creation
© 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 35Public
Imagine (Dream or Fantasy)
• Blockchain enables a world (aka Utopia) where
• Money earned by doing labor can be spent digitally and privately
• Money collected by the government (or “paid by us to the
government to make us live better”), can be publicly traced from the
collection point, through the distribution via Smart Contracts, and
finally to the actual spending in Hospitals, Roads, Schools, Agriculture
• Politicians are tied via Smart Contracts to their commitments and
delivery of value
Thank you

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Provenance Tracking - Everledger
Source: https://www.altoros.com/blog/a-close-look-at-everledger-how-blockchain-secures-luxury-goods/
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Provenance Tracking - Everledger
Source: https://www.altoros.com/blog/a-close-look-at-everledger-how-blockchain-secures-luxury-goods/
How Does It Work?
© 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 45Public
Participants post transactions
Transaction: T1
Content: <data>
Signature: Owner’s signature
Post transaction to network
Transaction: Tn
Content: <data>
Signature: Owner’s signature
Post transaction to network
………

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© 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 46Public
Miners form blocks
T1 Tn…..
Pending transactions pool
1 6 9
Block Hash: C1
Prev Block: BBB
Miner 1
4 5 9
Block Hash: Cn
Prev Block: BBB
Miner N
…………………………….
Block Hash: AAA
Block Hash: BBB
Prev Block: AAA
© 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 47Public
Next iteration starts
Block Hash: AAA
Block Hash: BBB
Prev Block: AAA
T1 Tn…..
Pending transactions pool
2 4 5
Block Hash: C5
Prev Block: BBB
2 4 5
Are removed
© 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 48Public
Miners agree on next block
1 6 9
Block Hash: C1
Prev Block: BBB
Miner 1
4 5 9
Block Hash: Cn
Prev Block: BBB
Miner N
…………………………….
ConsensusAlgorithm
2 4 5
Block Hash: C5
Prev Block: BBB
Miner 5
Why Now?

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Blockchain to the rescue
Transaction: T1
Content: <data>
Signature: Owner’s signature
Post transaction to network
Transaction: Tn
Content: <data>
Signature: Owner’s signature
Post transaction to network
………
What benefits does this
provide?
© 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 52Public
Immutability & Transparency
Immutability
Once data enters the blockchain and is signed, it is almost impossible to
change it, unless all parties agree to this
–Implication with right-to-be-forgotten
Transparency
Data (or at least the public part of it) is accessible to all participants,
making ledger synchronization unnecessary
© 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 53Public
Define Blockchain
Distributed public (or private) ledger*, that allows
secure exchange of value (money / assets)
between untrusted parties without intermediaries
*ledger – регистър, счетоводна книга

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No intermediaries & Robustness
Disintermediation / trustless exchange / no intermediaries
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Data Protection
• GDPR = General Data Protection Regulation
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• Name
• Address
• National ID
• Drivers License
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ISTA 2017 - Blockchain, beyond Bitcoin

  • 1. Blockchain in 2017 - all you need to know Public Vladimir Savchenko, ISTA Conference, Sofia November 17, 2017
  • 2. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 2Public
  • 3. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 3Public Cryptocurrencies vs Blockchain Blockchain Cryptocurrencies Bitcoin Blockchain Software Office Tools Microsoft Office Word
  • 4. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 4Public What is a Block Chain? 1 6 9 Block Hash: BB Prev Block: AA Crypto Signature 5 3 2 Block Hash: AA Prev Block: -- Crypto Signature 7 A B Block Hash: CC Prev Block: BB Crypto Signature • A Transaction can be: • Alice sends $100 to Bob • Charlie arrived at 10:23 • Daniel is born on 22.04.1994 Each transaction is signed by the sender
  • 5. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 5Public Gartner Hype Cycle for Emerging Technologies – Aug’2016 https://news.bitcoin.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Emerging-Technology-Hype-Cycle-for- 2016_Infographic_no-url-01-Forbes-1200x950-1024x811.png
  • 6. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 6Public
  • 7. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 7Public Amara’s Law We tend to overestimate the effect of a technology in the short run and underestimate the effect in the long run
  • 8. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 8Public Amara’s Law
  • 9. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 9Public Blockchain “Could” Change the World As we Know it
  • 10. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 10Public What is the problem to be solved? Asset In use by Notebook 1 I01234 Notebook 2 I02344 Notebook3 I43333 Beamer I04453 Telepresence I12345  SAP Labs’ IT Department list of assets and owners
  • 11. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 11Public What is the problem to be solved? Asset In Use By Owner Notebook 1 I01234 SAP 3D Printer x I02333 Software AG Notebook 2 I02344 SAP Notebook 2 I43333 SAP Beamer SoftwareAG SAP Telepresence SoftwareAG SAP  Sharing assets Asset In Use By Owner Notebook 3 S0344 Software AG 3D Printer x SAP Software AG Beamer S0123 SAP Telepresence S0122 SAP
  • 12. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 12Public What is the problem to be solved? Asset In Use By Owner  Sharing assets – scale out Asset In Use By Owner Asset In Use By Owner Asset In Use By Owner Asset In Use By Owner Asset In Use By Owner Asset In Use By Owner
  • 13. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 13Public What is the problem to be solved?  Sharing assets – Intermediation / Centralization Asset In Use By Current Owner Orignal Owner Notebook 1 I01234 SAP Software AG 3D Printer x S3444 SAP Software AG Notebook 2 I02344 SAP Bosch Notebook 2 B3244 Bosch Siemens Beamer S3444 Siemens SAP Telepresence S2133 Siemens SAP AssetManager byBest_Of_Trust
  • 14. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 14Public What is the problem to be solved? Asset Manager by Best_Of_Trust  If data is centralized in Asset Manager  Honey Pot for hackers  Could skip/delete/add some entries on purpose or due to fraud  Ensure HA 99.99999%  Data Centers around the world, to ensure fast access  Operate Decentralized Database, synchronizing data from all Data Centers  All this drives costs up for participating companies
  • 15. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 15Public Blockchain to the rescue P2P Network Transaction: T1 Content: Asset X  Siemens Signature: SAP Transaction: Tn Content: Asset Y -> Bosch Signature: Siemens
  • 16. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 16Public Blockchain to the rescue T1 Tn….. Pending transactions pool 1 6 9 Block Hash: BB Prev Block: AA Signed by: SAP Validates 5 3 2 Block Hash: AA Prev Block: -- Signed by: Bosch Validate Block Accepted in the Chain
  • 17. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 17Public Blockchain to the rescue 1 6 9 Block Hash: BB Prev Block: AA Signed by: SAP 5 3 2 Block Hash: AA Prev Block: -- Signed by: Bosch 7 A B Block Hash: CC Prev Block: BB Signed by: Siemens T1 Tn….. Pending transactions pool  Immutability  Cannot delete and modify transactions  Inclusion  No transactions are ignored
  • 18. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 18Public What else…  Cybercrime protection  If a company is breached and data stolen/encrypted  Blockchain has it all  If some insider tries to tamper with data  All transactions and blocks are signed  DDoS attacks are much more harder due to the distributed setup  Robustness  Out-of-the-box resilience, high-availability and disaster-recovery  Including new nodes and datacenters is easy
  • 19. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 19Public What else…  Disintermediation / No 3rd Parties  No longer intermediaries are required to ensure and sell trust, between parties that do not trust each other completely  Transparency  Parties can agree to share some or all data -> no need to synchronize Databases  Audits and Compliance checks are done directly
  • 20. How can this be used productively?
  • 21. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 21Public Public Blockchains P2P Network Transaction: T1 Content: Asset X  Vladimir Signature: Rositca Transaction: Tn Content: Asset Y -> Lea Signature: Vladimir
  • 22. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 22Public Public Blockchains • Everybody can make transactions about their own resources • Miners make sure rules are enforced • They are paid in the network’s currency and thus – mine it • Complex cryptography and consensus algorithms are used to ensure the blockchain is immutable and trusted
  • 23. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 23Public Crypto Currencies and Assets • What is a Crypto Currency / Asset • Mostly Tokens, which are distributed or mined via a public blockchain • Cryptography ensures they can be transferred securely w/o 3rd parties • Duplicates cannot be made • Transactions can not be reversed • Limited Supply - New tokens are generated following specific rules  Similar like trading Gold, Gems and other valuables. Just much more easier
  • 24. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 24Public Crypto Currencies and Assets • Thousands cryptocurrencies with > $150 billions market cap • All of them are in research / development phase right now • Focus on different aspects: • Privacy • Performance • Consensus Algorithms • Asset sharing • … • Main use case in 2016/2017 • Some cryptocurrencies prices rose by 10x within a month, others 100x within an year • Bitcoin: $700 -> $8000 • Ethereum: $10  $400 is Speculation due to FOMO (Fear Of Missing Out)
  • 25. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 25Public Fundraising • Traditional fundraising • Pitch against some Venture Capital firm in several rounds • Get 1, 10, 50 millions $ per round based on sound results and hard work • Private investors are almost unable to join the party
  • 26. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 26Public Fundraising • Coin-based fundraising – ICO – Initial Coin Offer • Invent a coin/token, e.g. VladiCoin • Tie it to some project, e.g. 1 VladiCoin = 1 mb of ultra/hyper fast virtual drinks • Pay for a nice Web Page (5000$), write 10 pages White Paper • Sell 1,000,000,000 coins for 0.10$ (But in Bitcoin, to avoid regulation) • Earn between $1-100 millions (based on Twitter and media noise) • No delivery required • No regulation (Though some countries try to apply some) • 100+ ICOs per month
  • 27. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 27Public Government / Public Administration • E-Voting • Blockchain will ensure that the voices are counted properly • Homo-morhic encryption and Zero Knowledge Proofs will ensure privacy is kept • Public Auctions, etc • Reducing the number of intermediaries will make the more transparent • Land Registry • No longer required as Land Ownership will be recorded on the blockchain • Notaries • Deprecated, once people and companies can transfer assets via the blockchain w/o mutually trusting each other • GovTech
  • 28. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 28Public Finance • Part of bigger FinTech movement. • Banks are afraid that if they do not innovate, others will • One of the few industries, not disrupted by Internet yet • Many intermediaries involved • Lots of them subject to cybercrime • Lot’s of paperwork to synchronize ledgers due to missing trust and regulation requirements, audits, etc.. • Lot’s of inefficiencies and room for errors, bribery and fraud • Transferring electronic money between 2 accounts taking couple of days • All this at the expense of the customers •  Finance is currently heading to blockchain revolution at full speed
  • 32. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 32Public The price of Trust? • In LEAN Terms: Earning Trust is Waste, but you can’t do business without it • Today, we buy Trust from intermediaries, so we can exchange assets securely • Blockchain technology, allows us to digitize Trust and make it productive
  • 33. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 33Public Words of Caution • The technology is in a massive hype state • It will take some years until hype and reality are split • Experts claim, that Blockchain can be compared to Internet as of late 90s • Lots of Hype • DotCom balloon • Most probably the Google, Facebook and Ebay of Blockchain are lurking in some university • Yet, the coming years will be very interesting, lot’s of new companies will rise, lot’s will fail
  • 34. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 34Public Future is bright • For the economics in the developed countries – this has to potential to improve processes and decrease burocracy • For economics in countries with corrupt governments – this would increase peer-pressure, which could lead to improved results • For the developing world – blockchain could help to improve work conditions, bring people closer to wealth creation
  • 35. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 35Public Imagine (Dream or Fantasy) • Blockchain enables a world (aka Utopia) where • Money earned by doing labor can be spent digitally and privately • Money collected by the government (or “paid by us to the government to make us live better”), can be publicly traced from the collection point, through the distribution via Smart Contracts, and finally to the actual spending in Hospitals, Roads, Schools, Agriculture • Politicians are tied via Smart Contracts to their commitments and delivery of value
  • 37. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 42Public Provenance Tracking - Everledger Source: https://www.altoros.com/blog/a-close-look-at-everledger-how-blockchain-secures-luxury-goods/
  • 38. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 43Public Provenance Tracking - Everledger Source: https://www.altoros.com/blog/a-close-look-at-everledger-how-blockchain-secures-luxury-goods/
  • 39. How Does It Work?
  • 40. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 45Public Participants post transactions Transaction: T1 Content: <data> Signature: Owner’s signature Post transaction to network Transaction: Tn Content: <data> Signature: Owner’s signature Post transaction to network ………
  • 41. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 46Public Miners form blocks T1 Tn….. Pending transactions pool 1 6 9 Block Hash: C1 Prev Block: BBB Miner 1 4 5 9 Block Hash: Cn Prev Block: BBB Miner N ……………………………. Block Hash: AAA Block Hash: BBB Prev Block: AAA
  • 42. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 47Public Next iteration starts Block Hash: AAA Block Hash: BBB Prev Block: AAA T1 Tn….. Pending transactions pool 2 4 5 Block Hash: C5 Prev Block: BBB 2 4 5 Are removed
  • 43. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 48Public Miners agree on next block 1 6 9 Block Hash: C1 Prev Block: BBB Miner 1 4 5 9 Block Hash: Cn Prev Block: BBB Miner N ……………………………. ConsensusAlgorithm 2 4 5 Block Hash: C5 Prev Block: BBB Miner 5
  • 45. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 50Public Blockchain to the rescue Transaction: T1 Content: <data> Signature: Owner’s signature Post transaction to network Transaction: Tn Content: <data> Signature: Owner’s signature Post transaction to network ………
  • 46. What benefits does this provide?
  • 47. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 52Public Immutability & Transparency Immutability Once data enters the blockchain and is signed, it is almost impossible to change it, unless all parties agree to this –Implication with right-to-be-forgotten Transparency Data (or at least the public part of it) is accessible to all participants, making ledger synchronization unnecessary
  • 48. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 53Public Define Blockchain Distributed public (or private) ledger*, that allows secure exchange of value (money / assets) between untrusted parties without intermediaries *ledger – регистър, счетоводна книга
  • 49. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 54Public No intermediaries & Robustness Disintermediation / trustless exchange / no intermediaries Due to the fact that data cannot be changed and it is visible to everybody – no intermediaries to spend trust are required – simply – once stored, data is visible, and trusted by everybody – clearly a gamechanger Robustness  Due to the fact that the blockchain is distributed amongst multiple (in some cases thousands) nodes it very hard to: –DDoS it – it is not like you are attacking a single or even several data centers – Hack it – even if for some reason one or many nodes decide to send fake data, this will be discovered by the rest of the network, and blocks generated by them would be discarded – Bribe it – there is no one single entity that can modify it, so bribery is out of scope
  • 51. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 56Public Identity Management – Ordering Pizza in the (not too distant) future Open Video in Browser
  • 52. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 57Public … free beer … Somewhere in Sochi, Russia
  • 53. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 58Public Somewhere in Frankfurt Vending machine for cigarettes
  • 54. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 59Public Compromised Identities • By Legal Sites • Privacy policies including sharing of data with 3rd parties / advertisers • Boosting ad performance by using your browsing behavior • Not necessary bad  • Just reckless behavior by site’s owner • When things go bad • World's biggest data breaches • Have I Been Pwned?
  • 55. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 60Public Black Market for Identities
  • 56. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 61Public Data Protection • GDPR = General Data Protection Regulation • Valid flor Cloud Service Providers • Fines up to 4% of Annual company income •  Companies will start avoid dealing with personal data (esp. small businesses)
  • 57. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 62Public • Name • Address • National ID • Drivers License … but maybe also … • Reputation @ AirBnB • Followers @ Twitter • Age above 18 ? • Having Bank account? • Graduated Sofia University? • Living in Bulgaria? What is Identity?
  • 58. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 63Public Centralized vs Decentralized vs Distributed • Centralized • Government ID • Decentralized • ID @ Facebook, Google, etc • Distributed • One ID for all • Top Reasons for loosing identity • Centralized ID Store • Decentralized ID Store
  • 59. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 64Public Self-Sovereign Identity - Sovrin
  • 60. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 65Public ShoCard
  • 61. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 66Public Internet of Value Currently: Internet of Information Next: Internet of Value
  • 62. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 67Public Scenarios • Public Blockchains • Crypto Currencies and Assets • Smart Contracts • IoT • Finance • Provenance • Identity Management • Health Care • Government • Public Administration