This document provides an overview of a workshop on mathematical modelling and simulation of power plants and CO2 capture. [1] It discusses modelling of supercritical coal-fired power plants, including models of the coal mill, supercritical boiler, steam turbine, and synchronous generator. [2] The models are implemented in MATLAB/Simulink and include differential equations representing the various components. [3] The workshop aims to understand the dynamic responses of supercritical power plants and investigate strategies to improve their ability to respond quickly to changes in electricity demand as required by grid codes.
1) The document discusses a remote monitoring system called H-SCP that monitors electrical cabinets for issues like overcurrent, leakage current, and arcs.
2) H-SCP has sensors on main and branch breakers that can alarm and shut off power if thresholds are exceeded. It transmits data through an Ethernet or Zigbee connection to a server for analysis.
3) The electrical safety monitoring system is meant to prevent accidents by remotely monitoring customer electrical equipment and alerting personnel if issues arise so they can visit sites and take corrective action.
The document is a seminar report submitted by Ghanshyam Meena on Kotsons Pvt. Ltd (KPL), a transformer manufacturing company located in Alwar, Rajasthan. It provides an overview of KPL, establishing in 1979. It details KPL's facilities and certifications, product range from 100 KVA to 1000 KVA transformers, and major domestic and international customers. The report also includes basic working principles of transformers and different types of transformers like autotransformers and polyphase transformers.
21st Century Coal Power: Recent Developments in Coal Power Generation Technol...
Jeffrey Phillips, Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) - Speaker at the marcus evans Generation Summit held in Dallas, TX, February 25-26, 2013, delivered his presentation entitled 21st Century Coal Power: Recent Developments in Coal Power Generation Technology
The document outlines FSM's energy policy vision and objectives to improve lives through sustainable energy and decrease reliance on imports. The strategic goals are to improve coordination, provide reliable conventional energy, increase renewable energy share above 30% by 2020, and improve 50% energy efficiency by 2020. The policy establishes an institutional framework and action plans for both national and state governments. Nationally, it focuses on data collection, coordination, and assessments. At the state level, priorities are maintaining diesel generators, expanding renewable systems like solar, and implementing efficiency programs.
The crucial point to contemplate during restorative dentistry procedures with composite resins is to obtain satisfactory restorations with an adequate photo polymerization technique. This procedure requires sufficient light energy intensity and an adequate wavelength in order to activate the photo initiator within these materials, which will react with the reducer agent to form free radicals and initiate the polymerization process.
Demi ultra rt deck may 2014 under curing and cure technology
This document discusses dental curing and C.U.R.E. technology. It addresses common problems with undercuring restorations and the consequences. C.U.R.E. technology aims to provide uniform curing and reduce energy use to fully cure restorations without excess heat. Key benefits discussed include improved collimation, more uniform light distribution, less heat at the curing tip and pulp, and increased depth of cure. The document argues that a focused blue light spectrum is most efficient for curing the vast majority of composite materials that use camphorquinone as the primary photoinitiator.
Mongolia faces an increasing power deficit as its economy grows at over 10% annually. It currently relies on costly power imports from Russia but needs new domestic generation. Prophecy Coal proposes the 600 MW Chandgana Power Plant, fueled by low-sulfur coal from its nearby mine. The plant aims to reduce emissions and costs while increasing energy independence and potential exports. Prophecy has operated in Mongolia for over a year and requests government support to quickly approve permits to begin construction in 2013 and help meet rising demand.
The Big Ed Rechargeable 3750 Photoluminescent Flashlight has a lens ring that glows in the dark, absorbing energy from any light source to emit light without needing to turn on the flashlight. It uses krypton bulbs as the light source, runs for 2 hours on its primary batteries or 5 hours on backups. The flashlight can be recharged using included nickel-cadmium batteries that take 2.5 hours to charge. Accessories include chargers, replacement batteries, and spare bulbs.
Is there a limit for photovoltaic capacity Hugo Birkelund
The document discusses the potential limits to growth for solar photovoltaic (SPV) capacity in Germany. It notes that SPV capacity has grown extremely quickly due to generous feed-in tariffs, but the government has tried to slow growth by reducing tariffs. However, SPV system costs are declining faster than expected, driven by technology improvements and larger production volumes. As a result, SPV investment remains profitable and capacity growth is likely to continue, increasing the volatility of net load and potentially requiring changes to the power system.
This document discusses composite light curing units. It begins by introducing light activated resin systems and the advantages of light cure composites over self cure. It describes the components of light cure composites including camphorquinone and amine activators. The document then covers the characteristics of curing light, types of light curing units including quartz tungsten halogen, plasma arc, laser and LED lights. It discusses factors that influence polymerization such as exposure time, irradiance, and techniques like continuous and discontinuous curing.
This document summarizes the features and specifications of HiSUN thin film photovoltaic modules. The modules use a tandem junction structure of amorphous silicon and microcrystalline silicon to achieve high stability and efficiency capturing more of the solar spectrum. Key features include proprietary design for high reliability, microcrystalline layer for superior long-term stability and efficiency, and bypass diodes to ensure maximum output. Specifications include electrical output values, dimensions, weight, and operating conditions. HiSUN aims to be the leading provider of efficient and affordable thin film solar technology.
The Big Ed 3750 Rechargeable Flashlight comes with multiple charging options including a fast charger system with a two-bay charger base and a trickle charger system. It provides up to 2 hours of light on its primary batteries and 5 hours on its backup batteries. Accessories include replacement battery packs, additional lamps, and vehicle power adapters.
Can renewable energy save the world? Panel discussion held by University of California, Santa Cruz February 11 2009. Peter Borden, Awais Khan, Ali Shakouri.
The document summarizes a study on the performance of energy storage systems for parallel hybrid electric vehicles. It discusses different battery types used - lead acid, nickel-metal hydride, and lithium-ion batteries. It also outlines the components of a typical parallel hybrid vehicle powertrain including the internal combustion engine, motors, and batteries. Simulation results are presented showing the state of charge variation of different battery types when tested with on-road vehicle data.
This document discusses electric energy storage technology and applications. It covers drivers for energy storage like increasing renewable penetration, ancillary grid services, and asset management. It provides an overview of the current energy storage landscape and types of technologies. Finally, it discusses US activities to develop storage solutions to help integrate renewables and enhance the grid.
This document discusses off-grid solar power as the lowest hanging fruit for implementing solar power in the MENA region. It summarizes that there are several gigawatts of existing micro-grids that run on diesel fuel. While solar is becoming more cost competitive with diesel, high upfront costs, load management challenges, and the temporary nature of off-grid needs have prevented solar from taking over more of the off-grid market. However, solar-hybrid systems are now competitive in many areas and can overcome challenges through innovations like containerized solar generator units and turbogenerator systems.
The RaPId Toolbox for Parameter Identification and Model Validation: How Mode...
RaPId is a recursive acronym for Rapid Parameter Identification. The toolbox was built within WP3 of the FP7 iTesla project. It uses Modelica models compiled in FMUs compliant with the FMI standard, which are imported into Simulink using the FMI Toolbox for Matlab/Simulink from Modelon. Within the Matlab environment, we have developed a plug-in architecture that lets the user choose many different (or even their own) optimization solvers for parameter calibration. Not to mention, you can choose any simulation solver available in Simulink (not just trapezoidal integration!)
Super critical power plants operate above the critical point where there is no distinction between liquid and gas phases. They have higher efficiencies of around 45-47% compared to 38% for subcritical plants due to higher turbine inlet temperatures and pressures above 240 atm. Once-through boilers without drums are better suited for supercritical conditions as they allow forced circulation through all sections compared to drum-type boilers. Super critical plants improve efficiency but have higher capital costs.
1. Supercritical boilers operate above the critical pressure of water (221 bar), where there is no distinction between water and steam.
2. Operating above the critical pressure provides benefits like higher cycle efficiency, lower fuel consumption and emissions, and improved load change flexibility compared to subcritical boilers.
3. The key difference between subcritical and supercritical boilers is that supercritical boilers are drumless, with evaporation occurring in a single pass and flow induced by the feed pump rather than natural circulation.
Control Valves for the Power Generation Industry" A Product and Applications ...
This document provides an overview of control valves for the power generation industry. It discusses the various systems in a conventional thermal power plant such as the condensate system, feedwater system, and main steam system. It then summarizes several case studies of Trimteck supplying control valves for applications in these systems for power plants. These include valves for condenser level control, boiler burner purge cycles, compressor reject control, turbine bypass, and superheater attemperation spray. The document promotes Trimteck as offering a full line of high quality control valves and solutions for flow control problems in power plants.
This document provides information about basic AC electrical generators. It discusses different types of generators including rotating armature generators, rotating field generators, and polyphase generators. It also covers topics like air cooled generators, temperature rise, reliability, construction details, stator and rotor design for both air cooled and hydrogen/water cooled generators. The document includes sections on generator isolation, seal oil systems, stator cooling water systems, and excitation systems. It concludes with sample review questions and a final examination.
This document provides an overview of steam boilers, including:
1) It defines a steam boiler and describes its basic components and purpose of generating steam under pressure.
2) It classifies boilers based on their orientation, circulation method, working pressure, mobility, and number of tubes. Common examples are provided for each classification.
3) Key boiler types - Cochran, Babcock and Wilcox, Lancashire, and locomotive - are described in terms of their construction, working, advantages, and disadvantages.
4) High pressure boilers and boiler mountings/accessories are also briefly discussed.
Economic Analysis Of Advanced Ultra Supercritical Pulverized Coal Power
This document summarizes an economic analysis of advanced ultra-supercritical pulverized coal power plants conducted by EPRI. It analyzed the cost and performance of four new coal power plants with progressively higher steam conditions - subcritical, supercritical, current USC, and advanced USC. The advanced USC case had a steam temperature of 680°C in the superheater and 700°C in the reheater. The analysis found that the increased cost of materials for higher temperature cycles needed to be offset by reductions in the fuel required.
This document summarizes different types of excitation systems for alternators. It discusses the function of excitation systems to supply direct current to the field winding and control the voltage and reactive power of alternators. The three main types covered are DC excitation systems, AC excitation systems, and static excitation systems. DC excitation systems use two small DC generators as exciters but are not commonly used for large alternators now. AC excitation systems include brushless and rotating thyristor types and have advantages like eliminating brushes. Static excitation systems have no rotating parts, are suitable for medium and high capacity alternators, and have benefits like smaller size and no windage losses. The document concludes that the selection of an excitation system depends on factors like the altern
The document discusses advancements in coal power plant technology for the 21st century. It provides background on Jeffrey Phillips and the topics he will cover, including coal plant basics, a history of coal power, and two types of modern coal plants - ones with carbon capture and storage. It explains that newer plants operate at higher pressures and temperatures, improving efficiency and reducing emissions compared to older subcritical plants from the 20th century. The goal is developing materials that can enable even more advanced ultra-supercritical plants operating above 1400°F to further lower emissions.
A boiler trip command stops all fuel inputs and closes all heavy oil nozzle valves. There are two separate boiler trip commands that must both be reset before a furnace purge can begin. A boiler trip establishes a master fuel trip memory signal, indicated by red and green lights, and triggers various safety events like tripping pulverizers and fans. Boiler explosions can occur if unburned fuel accumulates in the furnace, while implosions result from rapid decreases in furnace pressure. Preventive measures include maintaining minimum air flows and slowly reducing fuel and fan speeds after a trip.
Synchronous machines have two sets of windings - a three-phase armature winding on the stationary stator and a DC field winding on the rotating rotor. The rotor can have either a salient pole or cylindrical structure. Large generators use brushless excitation systems to avoid maintenance issues associated with slip rings and brushes. Excitation is provided by a small AC generator (brushless exciter) mounted on the stator whose output is rectified to supply DC current to the main field winding. Proper cooling is required to dissipate heat generated in the windings.
Thermal power plants generate electricity through combustion of fuels like coal and gas. The key components are the boiler, steam turbine, and electric generator. Control systems regulate critical functions like fuel and air management, steam temperatures, feedwater levels, and turbine speed. Supercritical plants operate at higher pressures and temperatures for greater efficiency. Combined cycle plants further improve efficiency by capturing waste heat from gas turbines to power additional steam turbines.
introduction to thermal powerplant,type of thermal powerplant,captive powerplant,rankin cycle,co-generation powerplant,subcritical powerplant,supercritical powerplant,theory of operation,working principle,parts of powerplant,boiler,turbine,etc
Try to explain about the steam generator (boiler), it has three parts. Part 1 cover the types, part 2 about its parts & auxiliaries & accessories and part 3 about performance.
The document summarizes research on inkjet-printed graphene for flexible micro-supercapacitors. Graphene is an ideal electrode material due to its high surface area, conductivity, and stability. The researchers used graphene oxide ink that was reduced to graphene after printing. Printed graphene films were highly porous with a surface area of 282 m2/g. Electrochemical testing showed the printed graphene achieved a capacitance of 132 F/g and could be charged and discharged rapidly while retaining 97% of its capacitance over many cycles. The research demonstrated inkjet printing as a scalable method for producing graphene-based flexible micro-supercapacitors.
סולאראדג' - תכנון מערכות סולאריות לתשואה מירביתTashtiot media
This document discusses case studies of PV site designs that maximize energy production. It covers considerations for component selection like modules and inverters. Case studies include a 40MW utility-scale solar plant and a 100kW and 200kW commercial roof installation. Key factors discussed are inverter sizing based on module orientation and temperature, string sizing based on coldest and hottest ambient temperatures, and balancing higher energy yields versus increased costs when designing for partial shading conditions.
The document summarizes research on understanding the physics of degradation in polymer solar cells. Key points include:
1) Polymer solar cells suffer from various degradation factors like oxygen, moisture, and light exposure that reduce efficiency over time.
2) Experiments showed degradation under light exposure in inert atmospheres, with blue photons found to be particularly detrimental. Increased sub-band gap states and reduced mobility were observed.
3) Post-degradation thermal annealing was able to partially recover performance by reducing sub-band gap states, suggesting the active layer was under-annealed initially.
13 real time remote monitoring system kim gi hyunFISUEL
1) The document discusses a remote monitoring system called H-SCP that monitors electrical cabinets for issues like overcurrent, leakage current, and arcs.
2) H-SCP has sensors on main and branch breakers that can alarm and shut off power if thresholds are exceeded. It transmits data through an Ethernet or Zigbee connection to a server for analysis.
3) The electrical safety monitoring system is meant to prevent accidents by remotely monitoring customer electrical equipment and alerting personnel if issues arise so they can visit sites and take corrective action.
The document is a seminar report submitted by Ghanshyam Meena on Kotsons Pvt. Ltd (KPL), a transformer manufacturing company located in Alwar, Rajasthan. It provides an overview of KPL, establishing in 1979. It details KPL's facilities and certifications, product range from 100 KVA to 1000 KVA transformers, and major domestic and international customers. The report also includes basic working principles of transformers and different types of transformers like autotransformers and polyphase transformers.
Jeffrey Phillips, Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) - Speaker at the marcus evans Generation Summit held in Dallas, TX, February 25-26, 2013, delivered his presentation entitled 21st Century Coal Power: Recent Developments in Coal Power Generation Technology
The document outlines FSM's energy policy vision and objectives to improve lives through sustainable energy and decrease reliance on imports. The strategic goals are to improve coordination, provide reliable conventional energy, increase renewable energy share above 30% by 2020, and improve 50% energy efficiency by 2020. The policy establishes an institutional framework and action plans for both national and state governments. Nationally, it focuses on data collection, coordination, and assessments. At the state level, priorities are maintaining diesel generators, expanding renewable systems like solar, and implementing efficiency programs.
The crucial point to contemplate during restorative dentistry procedures with composite resins is to obtain satisfactory restorations with an adequate photo polymerization technique. This procedure requires sufficient light energy intensity and an adequate wavelength in order to activate the photo initiator within these materials, which will react with the reducer agent to form free radicals and initiate the polymerization process.
Demi ultra rt deck may 2014 under curing and cure technologyCentric Learning
This document discusses dental curing and C.U.R.E. technology. It addresses common problems with undercuring restorations and the consequences. C.U.R.E. technology aims to provide uniform curing and reduce energy use to fully cure restorations without excess heat. Key benefits discussed include improved collimation, more uniform light distribution, less heat at the curing tip and pulp, and increased depth of cure. The document argues that a focused blue light spectrum is most efficient for curing the vast majority of composite materials that use camphorquinone as the primary photoinitiator.
Mongolia faces an increasing power deficit as its economy grows at over 10% annually. It currently relies on costly power imports from Russia but needs new domestic generation. Prophecy Coal proposes the 600 MW Chandgana Power Plant, fueled by low-sulfur coal from its nearby mine. The plant aims to reduce emissions and costs while increasing energy independence and potential exports. Prophecy has operated in Mongolia for over a year and requests government support to quickly approve permits to begin construction in 2013 and help meet rising demand.
The Big Ed Rechargeable 3750 Photoluminescent Flashlight has a lens ring that glows in the dark, absorbing energy from any light source to emit light without needing to turn on the flashlight. It uses krypton bulbs as the light source, runs for 2 hours on its primary batteries or 5 hours on backups. The flashlight can be recharged using included nickel-cadmium batteries that take 2.5 hours to charge. Accessories include chargers, replacement batteries, and spare bulbs.
Is there a limit for photovoltaic capacity Hugo BirkelundInnovation Norway
The document discusses the potential limits to growth for solar photovoltaic (SPV) capacity in Germany. It notes that SPV capacity has grown extremely quickly due to generous feed-in tariffs, but the government has tried to slow growth by reducing tariffs. However, SPV system costs are declining faster than expected, driven by technology improvements and larger production volumes. As a result, SPV investment remains profitable and capacity growth is likely to continue, increasing the volatility of net load and potentially requiring changes to the power system.
This document discusses composite light curing units. It begins by introducing light activated resin systems and the advantages of light cure composites over self cure. It describes the components of light cure composites including camphorquinone and amine activators. The document then covers the characteristics of curing light, types of light curing units including quartz tungsten halogen, plasma arc, laser and LED lights. It discusses factors that influence polymerization such as exposure time, irradiance, and techniques like continuous and discontinuous curing.
This document summarizes the features and specifications of HiSUN thin film photovoltaic modules. The modules use a tandem junction structure of amorphous silicon and microcrystalline silicon to achieve high stability and efficiency capturing more of the solar spectrum. Key features include proprietary design for high reliability, microcrystalline layer for superior long-term stability and efficiency, and bypass diodes to ensure maximum output. Specifications include electrical output values, dimensions, weight, and operating conditions. HiSUN aims to be the leading provider of efficient and affordable thin film solar technology.
The Big Ed 3750 Rechargeable Flashlight comes with multiple charging options including a fast charger system with a two-bay charger base and a trickle charger system. It provides up to 2 hours of light on its primary batteries and 5 hours on its backup batteries. Accessories include replacement battery packs, additional lamps, and vehicle power adapters.
Baskin UCSC Panel Feb 18 2009 Peter BordenMary Trigiani
Can renewable energy save the world? Panel discussion held by University of California, Santa Cruz February 11 2009. Peter Borden, Awais Khan, Ali Shakouri.
The document summarizes a study on the performance of energy storage systems for parallel hybrid electric vehicles. It discusses different battery types used - lead acid, nickel-metal hydride, and lithium-ion batteries. It also outlines the components of a typical parallel hybrid vehicle powertrain including the internal combustion engine, motors, and batteries. Simulation results are presented showing the state of charge variation of different battery types when tested with on-road vehicle data.
Atlanta smart grid presentatin 8 30 2011 r3Melanie Brandt
This document discusses electric energy storage technology and applications. It covers drivers for energy storage like increasing renewable penetration, ancillary grid services, and asset management. It provides an overview of the current energy storage landscape and types of technologies. Finally, it discusses US activities to develop storage solutions to help integrate renewables and enhance the grid.
This document discusses off-grid solar power as the lowest hanging fruit for implementing solar power in the MENA region. It summarizes that there are several gigawatts of existing micro-grids that run on diesel fuel. While solar is becoming more cost competitive with diesel, high upfront costs, load management challenges, and the temporary nature of off-grid needs have prevented solar from taking over more of the off-grid market. However, solar-hybrid systems are now competitive in many areas and can overcome challenges through innovations like containerized solar generator units and turbogenerator systems.
The RaPId Toolbox for Parameter Identification and Model Validation: How Mode...Luigi Vanfretti
RaPId is a recursive acronym for Rapid Parameter Identification. The toolbox was built within WP3 of the FP7 iTesla project. It uses Modelica models compiled in FMUs compliant with the FMI standard, which are imported into Simulink using the FMI Toolbox for Matlab/Simulink from Modelon. Within the Matlab environment, we have developed a plug-in architecture that lets the user choose many different (or even their own) optimization solvers for parameter calibration. Not to mention, you can choose any simulation solver available in Simulink (not just trapezoidal integration!)
Super critical power plants operate above the critical point where there is no distinction between liquid and gas phases. They have higher efficiencies of around 45-47% compared to 38% for subcritical plants due to higher turbine inlet temperatures and pressures above 240 atm. Once-through boilers without drums are better suited for supercritical conditions as they allow forced circulation through all sections compared to drum-type boilers. Super critical plants improve efficiency but have higher capital costs.
1. Supercritical boilers operate above the critical pressure of water (221 bar), where there is no distinction between water and steam.
2. Operating above the critical pressure provides benefits like higher cycle efficiency, lower fuel consumption and emissions, and improved load change flexibility compared to subcritical boilers.
3. The key difference between subcritical and supercritical boilers is that supercritical boilers are drumless, with evaporation occurring in a single pass and flow induced by the feed pump rather than natural circulation.
Control Valves for the Power Generation Industry" A Product and Applications ...Belilove Company-Engineers
This document provides an overview of control valves for the power generation industry. It discusses the various systems in a conventional thermal power plant such as the condensate system, feedwater system, and main steam system. It then summarizes several case studies of Trimteck supplying control valves for applications in these systems for power plants. These include valves for condenser level control, boiler burner purge cycles, compressor reject control, turbine bypass, and superheater attemperation spray. The document promotes Trimteck as offering a full line of high quality control valves and solutions for flow control problems in power plants.
This document provides information about basic AC electrical generators. It discusses different types of generators including rotating armature generators, rotating field generators, and polyphase generators. It also covers topics like air cooled generators, temperature rise, reliability, construction details, stator and rotor design for both air cooled and hydrogen/water cooled generators. The document includes sections on generator isolation, seal oil systems, stator cooling water systems, and excitation systems. It concludes with sample review questions and a final examination.
This document provides an overview of steam boilers, including:
1) It defines a steam boiler and describes its basic components and purpose of generating steam under pressure.
2) It classifies boilers based on their orientation, circulation method, working pressure, mobility, and number of tubes. Common examples are provided for each classification.
3) Key boiler types - Cochran, Babcock and Wilcox, Lancashire, and locomotive - are described in terms of their construction, working, advantages, and disadvantages.
4) High pressure boilers and boiler mountings/accessories are also briefly discussed.
Economic Analysis Of Advanced Ultra Supercritical Pulverized Coal PowerJeffrey Phillips
This document summarizes an economic analysis of advanced ultra-supercritical pulverized coal power plants conducted by EPRI. It analyzed the cost and performance of four new coal power plants with progressively higher steam conditions - subcritical, supercritical, current USC, and advanced USC. The advanced USC case had a steam temperature of 680°C in the superheater and 700°C in the reheater. The analysis found that the increased cost of materials for higher temperature cycles needed to be offset by reductions in the fuel required.
This document summarizes different types of excitation systems for alternators. It discusses the function of excitation systems to supply direct current to the field winding and control the voltage and reactive power of alternators. The three main types covered are DC excitation systems, AC excitation systems, and static excitation systems. DC excitation systems use two small DC generators as exciters but are not commonly used for large alternators now. AC excitation systems include brushless and rotating thyristor types and have advantages like eliminating brushes. Static excitation systems have no rotating parts, are suitable for medium and high capacity alternators, and have benefits like smaller size and no windage losses. The document concludes that the selection of an excitation system depends on factors like the altern
The document discusses advancements in coal power plant technology for the 21st century. It provides background on Jeffrey Phillips and the topics he will cover, including coal plant basics, a history of coal power, and two types of modern coal plants - ones with carbon capture and storage. It explains that newer plants operate at higher pressures and temperatures, improving efficiency and reducing emissions compared to older subcritical plants from the 20th century. The goal is developing materials that can enable even more advanced ultra-supercritical plants operating above 1400°F to further lower emissions.
A boiler trip command stops all fuel inputs and closes all heavy oil nozzle valves. There are two separate boiler trip commands that must both be reset before a furnace purge can begin. A boiler trip establishes a master fuel trip memory signal, indicated by red and green lights, and triggers various safety events like tripping pulverizers and fans. Boiler explosions can occur if unburned fuel accumulates in the furnace, while implosions result from rapid decreases in furnace pressure. Preventive measures include maintaining minimum air flows and slowly reducing fuel and fan speeds after a trip.
Synchronous machines have two sets of windings - a three-phase armature winding on the stationary stator and a DC field winding on the rotating rotor. The rotor can have either a salient pole or cylindrical structure. Large generators use brushless excitation systems to avoid maintenance issues associated with slip rings and brushes. Excitation is provided by a small AC generator (brushless exciter) mounted on the stator whose output is rectified to supply DC current to the main field winding. Proper cooling is required to dissipate heat generated in the windings.
Thermal power plants generate electricity through combustion of fuels like coal and gas. The key components are the boiler, steam turbine, and electric generator. Control systems regulate critical functions like fuel and air management, steam temperatures, feedwater levels, and turbine speed. Supercritical plants operate at higher pressures and temperatures for greater efficiency. Combined cycle plants further improve efficiency by capturing waste heat from gas turbines to power additional steam turbines.
introduction to thermal powerplant,type of thermal powerplant,captive powerplant,rankin cycle,co-generation powerplant,subcritical powerplant,supercritical powerplant,theory of operation,working principle,parts of powerplant,boiler,turbine,etc
Try to explain about the steam generator (boiler), it has three parts. Part 1 cover the types, part 2 about its parts & auxiliaries & accessories and part 3 about performance.
The document discusses points related to sub critical and super critical boiler design, including boiler design parameters, chemical treatment systems, operation, feedwater systems, boiler control, and startup curves. It provides explanations of sub critical and super critical boiler technologies, comparing drum type sub critical boilers to drumless super critical boilers. Key differences in operation and response to load changes are highlighted.
World Class Manufacturing:Plant Start Up and Commissioning Procedure HIMADRI BANERJI
The document provides an overview of plant commissioning and start-up procedures. It discusses the commissioning process which includes preparation and planning, mechanical completion and integrity checking, pre-commissioning and operational testing, start-up and initial operation, performance and acceptance testing, and post-commissioning. It then goes into more detail on specific aspects of the commissioning process such as developing start-up procedures, commissioning utilities, pressure testing, cleaning and flushing, and pre-commissioning operational testing.
Unit lightup synchronisation & shutdownNitin Mahalle
This document provides information about the start-up process for a 660 MW power generating unit at Adani Power Limited in Tiroda, India. It discusses the key steps in preparing boiler and turbine systems, warming up and rolling the turbine, synchronizing with the grid, and gradually loading the unit to full power. The start-up involves flushing the boiler, lighting the furnace, warming casings, rolling the turbine to operating speed, switching over steam flows, and cutting in coal mills in stages to ramp up load. Critical parameters are monitored at each stage to ensure safe and efficient start-up of the unit.
The document provides an overview of Adani Power Limited's thermal power plant located in Mundra, Gujarat, India. It discusses the company history and operations, describes the key components of a typical coal-fired thermal power plant including coal conveyors, stokers, pulverizers, boilers, turbines and more. The Mundra plant has a total installed capacity of 4620 MW produced across four phases, making it one of the largest coal power plants in the world.
This document is the preface to a book about silicon carbide power devices. It provides background on the development of power semiconductor devices, including bipolar transistors, thyristors, power MOSFETs, and IGBTs. It discusses the author's 1979 proposals to develop MOS-bipolar devices and power devices using wide bandgap semiconductors like silicon carbide and gallium arsenide. The preface describes early research efforts to develop GaAs and SiC power devices and outlines the chapters in the book, which provide analysis and modeling of various SiC power device structures like Schottky rectifiers, JFETs, MOSFETs, and their advantages over silicon devices.
The East of England is becoming a leader in offshore renewable energy, with over £10 billion predicted to be invested in offshore wind farms alone. It has over 40 years of offshore experience and contributes 25% of the UK's renewable energy R&D spending. Orbis Energy, located near major ports, houses over 30 offshore renewable companies and works with universities and industry on innovations like wave energy devices and floating offshore wind turbines. The region has numerous research institutions and industry networks focused on advancing offshore renewable technologies.
An electrician received an electric shock of 1.83 Joules while performing a high voltage megger test on an 11kV motor at the Cadia Valley mine site. The shock occurred when the electrician came into contact with exposed rotor windings during the discharging process. An investigation found the megger tester was not used properly and risk assessments failed to identify megger testing as a significant electrocution risk. Recommendations included developing training on megger testing hazards, adding megger testing to the annual regime, and updating site documents to address megger testing risks.
PH Renewables, Inc. (PHRI) is in the business of exploring, investing in, developing, building, constructing, installing, operating and maintaining power generation plants and related facilities utilizing renewable energy sources.
PHRI a company owned by MERALCO Power Gen - Global Business Power located at Rockwell Business Center Tower 1, Ortigas Avenue, Barangay Ugong, 1604 Pasig City
PH Renewables, Inc. (PHRI) is currently constructing the 75MWAC Pinugay Solar Power Project under Solar Energy Service Contract (SESC) No. 2018-02-475-AFI. The Solar Plant is in Brgy. Pinugay, Baras, Rizal and is situated inside the property of Philippine Communication Satellite Corporation (Philcomsat).
The plant is expected to generate commissioning power by December 2022 and achieve Commercial Operate Date on or before February 2023.
The connection scheme is a cut-in of the Malaya-AWOC-Teresa 115 kV Line. It involves an 8.6-km single circuit line from the plant site to Baras Switching Station (BSS) and 0.8-km double circuit line to Malaya-AWOC-Teresa 115 kV Line.
Kite Turbine networks from Windswept and InterestingRoderick Read
Windswept and Interesting Ltd is developing networked kite turbine technology to provide scalable clean energy. Their kite turbines use lightweight lift kites and tensile rotary power transmission to generate electricity at costs below £0.02/kWh with low carbon emissions. The company was founded by Ollie, Rod, and Daisy and is pursuing intellectual property and partnerships to advance their minimal viable products and scale autonomous kite turbine farms for utility-level renewable energy generation at the lowest lifetime cost.
The document is an industrial training report submitted by Abhishek Prajapati during their time at Jindal Steel & Power Limited (JSPL) in Raigarh, Chhattisgarh, India. It provides an overview of the Electrical Power System (EPS) and Main Receiving Substation (MRSS) at JSPL, and details the various tests conducted at the Electro-Technical Laboratory (ETL) on transformers, circuit breakers, protective relays, and transformer oil to ensure proper functioning and safety. The report acknowledges the guidance received from faculty at both JSPL and OP Jindal University during the 4-week training period.
IRJET- Review on Mechanisms of Vibration based Energy HarvestersIRJET Journal
This document reviews different mechanisms for vibration-based energy harvesters, including piezoelectric, electromagnetic, electrostatic, magnetostrictive, and flexible/polymeric energy harvesters. It provides details on the operating principles, advantages, disadvantages, and recent advances of each mechanism. In particular, it discusses how hybrid energy harvesters combining two or more mechanisms can improve power output, efficiency, operational bandwidth, and load range compared to single mechanism harvesters. The review concludes that innovative designs, increased strain concentration, optimized timing circuits, adoption of nonlinear dynamics, and optimal energy harvesting materials can further advance vibration-based energy harvesting technologies.
My standard of workmanship is considered to be very high and I take pride in my work. I have a sound knowledge of many and varied scopes of work in the electrical industry. I am apprentice trained, having attained HND and City & Guild level qualifications, having skills in all associated fabrication work, various cable and cable techniques, panel interpretation design and wiring experience of AC and DC Switch Gear, Power Factor Control, DC Drives, PLC, Generators, Compressors, Earthing Systems, UPS and IPS Systems, Fire Alarms, Emergency Lighting, Air Conditioning (HVAC), Refrigeration, CCTV, Exterior Lighting and Signage, Door Entry Systems, Alarms (Signal and Intruder), Data Communication, Industrial and Domestic Lighting, Power Distribution, Testing and Commissioning. Verification & validation of LV systems, Life safety systems.
Being a self-employed contractor for most of my working career to date, I am proficient at working in a variety of establishments including Hospitals, Steel & Rolling Mills, Fragmentation Plants, Cement Quarries, Aggregate Plants, Dockyards, Petro-Chemical Plants/Refineries, British Rail, Power Stations, Paper Mills, Commercial/Retail Buildings and Schools.
This document provides an overview and training report on Mejia Thermal Power Station operated by Damodar Valley Corporation. It includes details of the various processes involved in power generation such as coal handling, coal milling, steam generation in boilers, steam turbine generation, water treatment, steam/water circuits, cooling towers, flue gas handling, electrostatic precipitators, ash handling, and the electrical systems including generators, transformers, control and instrumentation. The report was prepared by an engineering student as part of an industrial training program to understand the mechanical, electrical, and operational aspects of a thermal power plant.
CURRICULUM VITAE Simon McCourt January 2015Simon McCourt
This curriculum vitae outlines the qualifications and experience of Simon Paul McCourt, an electrical engineer based in the UK. It summarizes his educational background including an HND in mechanical and electrical engineering and various technical certifications. It also provides an overview of McCourt's extensive work experience over 25+ years as an electrical contractor and commissioning engineer on many commercial, industrial, and infrastructure projects in the UK and Qatar.
Nuclear energy works through nuclear fission reactions that produce energy and neutrons. Uranium is used as fuel in nuclear reactors, where a sustained chain reaction produces heat that is used to generate electricity. While nuclear energy has advantages like producing large amounts of energy from small amounts of fuel and emitting little carbon, it also has disadvantages such as producing long-lasting radioactive waste and high costs to build nuclear plants. Currently over 400 nuclear reactors in over 30 countries generate about 11.5% of the world's electricity.
This document discusses modeling and simulation considerations for integrating utility-scale solar PV in Libya. It outlines the potential benefits of solar energy in Libya, challenges of integrating distributed photovoltaic generation, and simulation results assessing the system's ability to ride through faults. The simulations show the solar PV plant can improve grid resiliency by facilitating efficient energy sharing and allowing solar use while connected to the utility grid. Faults cause voltage dips and swells but the system recovers quickly from these momentary variations.
Renewable Energy Harvesting Using SuperCapacitorIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on renewable energy harvesting using supercapacitors. It discusses using supercapacitors instead of batteries for energy storage in low-power smart sensor systems. Various energy transducers are described that convert ambient energy sources like solar, thermal, vibration and wireless power into electricity. Circuit designs are discussed that maximize energy harvesting efficiency and charge supercapacitors. Key advantages of supercapacitors over batteries are their longer lifecycles, faster charging/discharging, and ability to withstand many charge/discharge cycles. The document concludes supercapacitor-based energy harvesting can enable cost-effective, compact and long-lived smart sensor nodes.
The document is a thesis presentation on harvesting energy from an electrostrictive polymer composite. It includes:
1) An introduction to energy harvesting and a comparison of energy sources. Vibration energy harvesting using smart materials like piezoelectric and electrostrictive polymers is discussed.
2) An experiment investigating the effect of strain amplitude and operating frequency on the harvested current of an electrostrictive polymer composite film. Results show current increased with higher frequency and strain.
3) A conclusion that the electrical efficiency increases with strain and reaches a maximum of 51% at a strain of 4% and frequency of 6Hz for an electric field of 13V/μm. Higher frequency and strain lead to more harvested current.
- The document discusses the need for a national power grid in India to connect regional grids and ensure reliable electricity delivery across the country.
- India's electricity grid is divided into five regional grids that operate mostly asynchronously. A national grid would improve power transfer capabilities across regions.
- The development of new technologies like HVDC transmission, FACTS devices, and smart grid capabilities can further improve the efficiency and reliability of India's power grid.
- However, building a national grid also presents challenges like high investment costs, transmission losses, and ensuring stability across a large interconnected system.
Sustainex 2013 - Collaboration Incentives Support for Business Sam McCloskey ...Invest Northern Ireland
The document outlines plans for a £5 million collaborative research and development project led by the Centre for Advanced Sustainable Energy. The project will focus on developing, manufacturing, and decommissioning wind, wave, and tidal turbines through industry partnerships. A key early project is a 1/10 scale testing of tidal turbine arrays in Strangford Lough, which will be one of the first such tests in the world. The goal is to advance renewable energy technologies and establish Northern Ireland as a leader in the field.
1. The document discusses the Southern Grid which transmits power across five states in Southern India.
2. It has an installed capacity of 50,164 MW from various sources including thermal, hydro, gas etc. distributed across states.
3. The grid ensures stability through interconnected regional grids using HVDC links and maintains frequency, voltage levels through mechanisms like AGC, reactive power support etc.
CCUS Roadmap for Mexico - presentation by M. Vita Peralta Martínez (IIE - Electric Research Institute, Mexico) for the UKCCSRC, Edinburgh, 13 November 2015
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Numerical Modelling of Fracture Growth and Caprock Integrity During CO2 Injection, Adriana Paluszny - Geophysical Modelling for CO2 Storage, Leeds, 3 November 2015
1) The document discusses assessing uncertainty in time-lapse seismic response due to geomechanical deformation.
2) It presents a multi-physics solution that couples fluid flow and geomechanics modeling to better understand stress changes over time.
3) An example application to the Valhall oil field models pore pressure changes and resulting geomechanical effects, partitioning the domain for parallel modeling of the overburden, reservoir, and underburden.
Modelling Fault Reactivation, Induced Seismicity, and Leakage During Underground CO2 Injection, Jonny Rutquvist - Geophysical Modelling for CO2 Storage, Leeds, 3 November 2015
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Passive seismic monitoring for CO2 storage sites - Anna Stork, University of Bristol at UKCCSRC specialist meeting Geophysical modelling for CO2 storage, monitoring and appraisal, 3 November 2015
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This document discusses an industrial CCS project on Teesside involving BOC Teesside Hydrogen, ICCS Teesside, and the Teesside Collective 2030. It notes an 8-year relationship with Progressive Energy and leadership from the Teesside Collective. Research challenges include determining the appropriate technology, whether to use a pilot plant or full scale, linking with key industries, supporting cost-effective solutions, and driving down costs over time.
This document summarizes a presentation on the Teesside Collective Industrial CCS Project in the UK. It discusses:
1) The project objectives to capture, transport, and store 2.8 million tonnes of CO2 per year from multiple industrial sources.
2) The required infrastructure including capture facilities, gathering pipelines, boosting stations, offshore transportation, and storage.
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The document summarizes funding opportunities for carbon capture and storage (CCS) projects under the Horizon 2020 Energy program. It outlines two CCS-related topics for 2016 with a total budget of €27M: international cooperation with South Korea on improved capture processes, and utilizing captured CO2 as feedstock. It also mentions an expected CCS funding call in 2016 under the ERANET Cofund mechanism. Additional details are provided on Horizon 2020, Research and Innovation Actions, and contact information for assistance.
Research Coordination Network on Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage Funded by National Science Foundation in USA - A.-H. Alissa Park, Columbia University - UKCCSRC Strathclyde Biannual 8-9 September 2015
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Effective Adsorbents for Establishing Solids Looping as a Next Generation NG ...
Wang Workshop on Modelling and Simulation of Coal-fired Power Generation and CCS Process
1. THE UNIVERSITY
of BIRMINGHAM
Study of Supercritical Coal Fired
Power Plant Dynamic Responses and Control
for Grid Code Compliance
Prof Jihong Wang, Dr Jacek D Wojcik (University of Warwick)
Dr Yali Xue (Tsinghua University)
Mathematical Modelling and Simulation of Power Plants and CO2 Capture
WORKSHOP
University of Warwick, 20th-21st March 2012
2. Outline
• Overview of the EPSRC Project (J Wang)
• Power Plant Modelling (J Wojcik)
• Power Plant Simulation (Y L Xue)
• Summary (J Wang)
THE UNIVERSITY
of BIRMINGHAM
3. Outline
• Overview of the EPSRC Project
• Power Plant Simulator
• Power plant modelling
• Summary
THE UNIVERSITY
of BIRMINGHAM
4. Supercritical technology
Subcritical Supercritical Ultra supercritical
(conventional)
Temperature 500 – 550 500 – 600 550 – 600, (600 – 700)*
(°C)
Pressure (MPa) 16 – 17 24 – 26 27 – 32, (40 – 42)*
Features Drum: single Once through: Once through: double
reheat single reheat reheat
Efficiency 33 - 35 40-45 42 – 47, (50 –
cycle (%) 55)*
THE UNIVERSITY
of BIRMINGHAM
5. Future new power plants in the UK - SUPERCRITICAL
Power generation responses
to the demand changes
Fast enough to satisfy the grid
specification
THE UNIVERSITY
of BIRMINGHAM
6. Subcritical Supercritical
Subcritical water-steam cycle Supercritical water-steam cycle (no
Drum – energy storage phase change)
Once-through operation – no energy
Challenges: storage
Can supercritical power generation responses to the demand
changes fast enough to satisfy BG Grid Code requirement?
THE UNIVERSITY
of BIRMINGHAM
7. Project Objectives
Through study supercritical coal fired power plant
mathematical modelling and simulation:
• to understand the dynamic responses of
supercritical power plants
• to investigate the possible strategies for
improvement
THE UNIVERSITY
of BIRMINGHAM
8. List of UK power stations - All Subcritical (~33% efficiency)
Station Name Representation Company Address Capacity
in MW
Aberthaw B National Ash RWE Npower The Leys Aberthaw, Barry South CF62 42W 1,489
Glamorgan
Cockenzie ScotAsh Scottish Power Prestopans East Lothian 1,152
Cottam EDF Energy EDF Energy Cottam Power Nottinghamshire DN22 0ET 1,970
Company, PO Box 4, nr
Retford
Didcot A National Ash RWE Npower Didcot Nr Oxford OX11 7HA 2,020
Drax Hargreaves CCP Drax Power Limited Drax Selby North Yorks YO8 8PQ 3,870
Eggborough British Energy British Energy Eggborough Goole North DN14 0BS 1,960
Humberside
Ferrybridge C Keadby generation Scottish & Southern PO Box 39, Stranglands Knottingley West WF11 8SQ 1,955
Ltd Energy plc Lane Yorkshire
Fiddlers Ferry Keadby generation Scottish & Southern Widnes Road Cuerdley Warrington WA5 2UT 1,961
Ltd Energy plc
Ironbridge EON UK PowerGen Buildwas Road Telford Shropshire TF8 7BL 970
Kingsnorth EON UK PowerGen Hoo Saint Werburgh Rochester Kent ME3 9NQ 1,974
Longannet ScotAsh Scottish Power ScotAsh Ltd, Kincardine- Fife FK10 4AA 2,304
on-Forth
Lynemouth Alcan Alcan Primary Metal - Ashington Northumberland NE63 9YH 420
Europe
Ratcliffe EON UK Powergen Ratcliife on Soar Nottingham NG11 0EE 2,000
Rugeley International Power International Power Rugeley Power Station Armitage Road Rugeley WS15 1PR 976
Tilbury B National Ash RWE Npower Fort Road Tilbury Essex RM18 8UJ 1,020
West Burton EDF Energy EDF Energy West Burton Power Nottinghamshire DN22 9BL 1,932
Company, Retford
Wilton Hargreaves CCP ICI PO Box 1985, Wilton Middlesborough TS90 8WS 100
International
THE UNIVERSITY
of BIRMINGHAM
9. Collaboration
Mathematical
modelling, simulation Industrial scale power
study, dynamic
Consortium
interactions plant modelling and
response analysis,
optimal control, simulation,
Exchange of software
Grid Code studies materials, data,
information development,
Shared models,
verification
software and
simulations
Supercritical water, Integrated testing
test rig evelopment, programme Power plant control,
Experimental tudies, intelligent
data collection and algorithms,
analysis
10. Team
University of Warwick:
Prof J Wang, Dr J Wojcik
Mr M Draganescu, Mr S Guo
University of Birmingham:
Dr B Al-Duri, Mr O Mohamed
Tsinghua University
Prof. J F Lv, Prof Q R Gao, Dr Y L Xue
North China Electric Power University
Prof X J Liu, Prof G L Hou
THE UNIVERSITY
of BIRMINGHAM
11. Frequency in the Power System - Mr M Draganescu
Definition:
Power System Frequency can be defined as a measure of the electrical
speed of the synchronous generators connected to the grid; this is a
common value at every point in the grid.
Frequency – constant value
Electricity Electricity
Generation Demand at all time.
PGen PDem
Electricity Electricity Power System
Generation Demand Instability
Frequency Total Outage
Deviations (Blackout)
THE UNIVERSITY
of BIRMINGHAM
12. UK Power System
Electricity Supplied by Fuel Type in 2010:
Transmission System Operators (TSOs):
• National Grid
• Scottish and Southern Energy
• Scottish Power
System Data:
Circuit Voltage Circuit Length
TSO
[kV] [km]
National Grid 400, 275 ~14,000
Scottish and
275, 132 ~5,000
Southern Energy
Scottish Power 400, 275, 132 ~4,000
THE UNIVERSITY
of BIRMINGHAM
13. UK Power System — The Grid Code —
Nominal Frequency: 50 Hz
Frequency Variation Interval [Hz]
Normal
Critical Situations
Operation
49.5 – 50.5 47.0 – 52.0
Frequency Control Strategies
Type of Frequency Control
Response Time
Strategy
active power increase within 10 s and
Primary Frequency Response
maintained for another 30 s
active power increase within 30 s and
Secondary Frequency Response
maintained for another 30 min
active power decrease within 10 s and
High Frequency Response
maintained thereafter
THE UNIVERSITY
of BIRMINGHAM
14. UK Power System — The Grid Code —
Frequency Response Capability of a Generating Unit
Test:
A frequency ramp decrease/
increase of 0.5 Hz over a period of 10 s.
THE UNIVERSITY
of BIRMINGHAM
15. Outline
• Overview of the EPSRC Project (J Wang)
• Power Plant Modelling (J Wojcik)
• Power Plant Simulation (Y L Xue)
• Summary (J Wang)
THE UNIVERSITY
of BIRMINGHAM
16. Power Plant Modelling
Mathematical modelling of Supercritical Power Plant in Matlab®/Simulink® software environment
Exact mathematical model of SCPP consists of:
• Coal mill (Pulverised-Fuel)
• Supercritical Boiler
• Steam Turbine
• Synchronous Generator (SG) and Electric Power System (EPS)
• Excitation System – Auto Voltage Regulator (AVR) and Exciter
• Governor (GOV)
• Boiler Control System
Δω Single-Machine
Control
Governor Infinitive Bus
System
CVArea IVArea
WC PMSP Pe Pe
δ Pg
WFWF Electrical
ΔPpa COAL SC WSC Steam PM Synchronous Eqb Qg
Edb Power
Tin MILL WPF BOILER PRH Turbine Generator Ug
Ig System
B+jG
EFD Ig
Excitation
System Ug
Mathematical model of Supercritical Power Plant - Block diagram.
17. Power Plant Modelling
Coal Mill Model Implementation in Matlab®/Simulink® software environment
Two different types of pulverised coal mill in power plants
Vertical Spindle Tube-Ball mill ΔPout , ΔPin , Tin , Tout
mill Ap1 Ap2 Wc
M
c 1 Mc P
Differential equations
Kf s K1,K2,
K3,K4,
Mc_initial K15 K5,K6,
K7,K8,
ΔPout, Mpf_initial K14,
W pf M pf Mpf T
1 K17
K16
s
Block diagram of coal mill model.
‘On-line Condition and Safety Monitoring of Pulverised Coal Mills
Using a Model Based Pattern Recognition Technique’
Prof Jihong Wang, Dr Jianlin Wei, Mr Paschalis Zachariades, Mr. Shen Guo
Model based on mass balance and heat balance:
Graphical
Unit
Interface
18. Power Plant Modelling
SC Boiler Model Implementation in Matlab®/Simulink® software environment
The steam patch is divided into following parts:
• Economiser node
• Waterwall node
HP IP+LP • Superheater node
• Main steam line node
• Reheater node
condenser
to
Feedwater flow
Hi1
Fuel Fuel
flow 1
KECO
1 Differential equations
1+TFFs TECOs
Air Econo- Feedwater
TECO PECO H i1 WFWF H o1 WECO K ECO QB
Ho1
miser AECO√
Hi2
TWW PWW H i 2 WECO H o2 WWW KWW QB
Flue gases KWW
1
TWWs
TSH PSH H i 3 WWW H o3 WSH K SH QB
TCV PCV H i 4 WSH H o4 WCV
Water-Steam loop in basic once-through boiler design. Ho2
AWW√
TRH PRH H i 5 WCV H o5 WRH K RH QB
Hi3
TFF QB WPF QB
Model based on mass balance and energy balance KSH
1
TSHs
Ho3
ASH√
V Q Ki
Hi4
1
hi wi ho wo
TCVs X
WCV
p v wi Hi 1 P Ho4
CVArea
h τ Ts
Hi5
1
KRH
wo Ho TRHs X
WRH
q Ho5
IVArea
Steam pressure model
Where: Hi, Ho – input/output gain of steam flow entering/leaving associated nodes, P – node pressure,
Q – heat transfer to node, Wi – flow rate of fluid entering node, Wo – flow rate of fluid leaving node
Block diagram of boiler model.
19. Power Plant Modelling
Steam Turbine and Governor Models Implementation in Matlab®/Simulink® software environment
Tandem-Compound Single-Reheat DEH control system
Steam Turbine Control mode
Switch
S1 S2 S3 S4
feed forward loop
Pm1 SC on off off off
SCLF on off on off 1
K1 K3 K5 K7 0
SCPF on off off on
SCLFF off on on off 1 2
PMS π
1 1 1 1 SCPFF off on off on
π
1+sT4 1+sT5 1+sT6 1+sT7
GVArea IVArea K8 ∆n VD
K2 K4 K6 ∆f 1
1+sT1
K PID
-
Pref
Generic Model of Steam Turbine/ feedback loop Pload 3
Tandem-Compound Single-Reheat Steam Turbine Pms 4
Differential equations
T4WSC ( PB GVArea ) WSC DEH control system – block diagram,
where: ∆f – frequency deviation; ∆n – speed deviation; K– speed drop ;
T5 PRH WSC PRH
Pref – reference load signal; Pload – load signal;
T6WCR WRH WCR Pms – main steam pressure.
F. de Mello: Dynamic Models for Fossil Fuelled Steam Units in Power System Studies. IEEE Transactions on Power
Systems, Vol.6, No.2, 1991.
HP Steam
Chest
20. Power Plant Modelling
Synchronous Generator Model Implementation in Matlab®/Simulink® software environment
Differential equations
B
s
Generator equivalent circuits
d
Tm Pm Pe D
(Xq – X’q) (X’q – X”q) X”q Iq (Xd – X’d) (X’d – X"d) X”d Id
f
= t
Td''0 Eq'' Eq' Eq'' I d ( X d' X d'' )
Q
E E I ( X X ) E’d E”d Ud E’q E”q
A
Tq''0 Ed'' '
d
''
d q
'
q
''
q
Uq
Efd
D
Td' 0 Eq' E E I ( X X )
fd
'
q d d
'
d
Rotor q- axis Rotor d-axis
q
T E'
q0
'
d 0 E I ( X X )
'
d q q
'
q
C
Electric Power System (EPS)
Synchronous generator connected to a large power system
(Single-Machine Infinite-Bus):
a) diagram of connection, b) equivalent electrical circuit (π).
21. Power Plant Modelling
Excitation System Model Implementation in Matlab®/Simulink® software environment
VREF
Differential equations
VPF K PR
x1 K IR uh
K IR KA Efd
VC─
1
K
s 1 sTA
sTE TDR x 2 DR
T u h x 2
─ DR
DC4B
─ sK DR
1 sTDR
KE
K
TA x3 K AVT K PR DR uh x1 x2
S E E fd
TDR
sK F
1 sTF
TF x 4
KF
x3 V X K E E fd x4
TE
DC4B excitation system
TE E fd x3 V X K E E fd
VREF
VPF
K PR
uh Efd Differential equations
VC ─
K IR
KA
1 sTA
1 x1 K IR uh
s
─
sTE
FEX f I N
K
TDR x 2 DR
u h x 2 Evaluation of the exciter
sK DR T
S E VE DR saturation curve SE(Efd).
AC8B
1 sTDR
I FD K
KE I N KC
VE TA x3 K A K PR DR
u h x1 x2 x3
TDR a.)
KD
b.)
IFD TE x4 x3 VX K E x4 K D I FD
FEX
AC8B excitation system 1 VE Efd
KG I
VREF I FD
VPF KC FEX f I N
─ Differential equations II IFD VE
K 1 K
K PR IR IM Efd x1 K IR uh
VC ─ s 1 sTA K PM
s
III
ST4B
TA x2 K PR uh x1 x2
0
VT 1 IN
VE K PVT j ( K I K P X L ) I T K K K K G K IM
IT x3 K IM G PM IM
x2
x3
1 K G K PM 1 K G K PM Three-phase bridge rectifier: a.) voltage-
IFD IN
I
K C FD
VE
FEX f I N current characteristic, b.) block diagram.
ST4B excitation system
IEEE Standard 421.5-2005: IEEE Recommended Practice for Excitation System Models for Power Stability Studies
22. Power Plant Modelling
Model Parameters identification process in Matlab®/Simulink®
Model = structure + parameters
Integrating the intelligent optimisation algorithms with the power plant
model for parameters identification
Plant measurement
DATA from
SC Power Plant
Data input to model
Simulated and
MATLAB® Parameters SIMULINK®
measured
Genetic update Simulation Stopping YES
outputs Model
Algorithm for new criterion
parameters
Parameters
[Toolbox] met
(+measurement ?
input DATA)
NO
23. Power Plant Modelling
Parameters identification process based on measurement data from SCPP
Steady-State Data Start-Up Data
GA Fitness Function:
Based on measured data form SCPP
1. Mechanical Power output Pm
2. Main steam pressure MSP
3. Reheater pressure RHP
Error calculation based on Integral of
Time Absolute Error (ITAE) criteria:
Input Data: Output Data:
Pm – mechanical power
FWF – feedwater flow MODEL MSP – main steam pressure
FF – fuel flow
RHP – reheater pressure
24. Power Plant Modelling
Model Parameters Verification – Results for the best parameters set
0.9
0.8
PM [pu]
0.7 Pm – mechanical power
000
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000
t [s]
1
0.9
MSP [pu]
0.8
0.7 00
MSP – main steam pressure
0.6
0.5
0.4
2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000
t [s]
0.8
RHP [pu]
0.7
00
RHP – reheater pressure
0.6
0.5
0.4
data from industry
0.3
2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 Simulink model
t [s]
25. Outline
• Overview of the EPSRC Project (J Wang)
• Power Plant Modelling (J Wojcik)
• Power Plant Simulation (Y L Xue)
• Summary (J Wang)
THE UNIVERSITY
of BIRMINGHAM
26. Content
Tsinghua University
Development of 600MW supercritical pulverized coal
power plant simulation software
Summary
27. Tsinghua University is ranked the top university in China
Seasons in Tsinghua University, located in Beijing
28. Tsinghua University has 56 academic departments
Institute of Thermal
Engineering
Thermal Engineering
Institute of Power
Mechanics & Engineering
Department
Institute of Fluid Mechanics
& Engineering
Institute of Engineering
Thermophysics
Institute of Simulation &
Control of Power System
Division of Thermal Power System
State Key Laboratory of Control & Simulation of Large Power
System & Generation Equipment
29. Research and Teaching in Power Plant Modeling and
Simulation at Tsinghua University
• The research in this area has over 30 years history
• Giving great contributions to China power industry
development
• Playing a major role in training key skilled personnel required
in China
• Leading in the research areas of power plant modeling and
simulation, clean coal technology and CCS
• State-of-the-art research facilities
30. Teaching facilities
Operator skills contest
135MW CFB Power Plant Simulator
State Key Task 10.5 National Development Plan
in China
Energy and Power Engineering Simulation
Practice
Compulsory Subjects for 3rd year
undergraduates
31. Development of large scale power plant simulation
software
• Principle
• Theoretical basis
– System Theory, Control Engineering, Computer Science
– Thermodynamics, Fluid dynamics, Combustion
– Mass/Energy/Momentum conservation equation, heat transfer equation, state
equations
32. Example - comparison results of a CFB simulator
- Bed temperature, coal and oil flow rate in startup process
Bed Temp.
Feed Coal
Feed Oil
Field data Simulation results
33. 600MW SCPC Simulation Scope
Objective
– Understand the dynamic load response character of SCPC
– Improve its control quality
Simulation Scope
The complete process of SCPC power plants from fuel preparation to electricity output
– Main devices
• Boiler, Turbine, Generator,
• Auxiliary Power, and related auxiliary machine
– Control Systems
• DAS/MCS/FSSS/BMS/SCS/ECS/DEH/ETS
– Malfunctions simulation
– Human Machine Interface
34. 600MW SCPC Simulation – Hardware Configuration
Large Screen
大屏幕投影
Display
指导教师工作站 仿真服务器 工程师工作站
Instructor Station Simulator Server Engineer Station
…… ……
就地操作站1 就地操作站2
Local Operator Station DCS操作站1
DCS Operator DCS操作站2
Station
35. 600MW SCPC Simulation - Software Structure
Process
models
Model Control
develop system
support models
Simulation
Support
System
Database
Real-time
managem
running
ent
Network
communic
ation
36. 600MW SCPC Simulation - Key Challenges
(1) Dynamic model of water fall
• Subcritical boiler riser tube – one-section lumped parameter model
• Supcritical boiler water fall – multi-section lumped parameter model
– At subcritical pressure, the water is heated gradually into steam-water
mixture (two phase flow)
– At supercritical pressure, the water is heated and evaporated into steam
directly (one phase flow)
– Near the critical point, the specific heat capacity shows dramatic change
Heat
Heat
Inlet Outlet
Inlet Outlet
1 2 N
37. 600MW SCPC Simulation - Key Challenges
(2) Dynamic model of build-in startup separator
Subcritical Supcritical
Steam Water Separator Steam Chamber
Wet State Dry State
Boundary Node
(3) Build the steam/water thermodynamic property calculation method
38. 600MW SCPC Simulation - Key Challenges
(4) Control system model
• Automatically stabilize the process
to improve the operator training
quality
• Basis for advanced study on
control system strategy and
controller parameter optimization
Multivariable nonlinear control
Keep a proper coal water ratio - to track the unit load command quickly
while minimize the main steam temperature
Feed forward signal from unit load command - to coordinate boiler/turbine
response
Control intermediate point temperature or enthalpy - to keep stable heat
distribution in water wall
39. 600MW SCPC Simulation - Feedwater Control
Feed water flow control in once-through supercritical coal-fired boiler is
different with that in drum-type boiler
– The fluctuation of feed water flow or combustion ratio all have great impact on the
dynamic of unit load and main steam temperature due to lack of drum
– To regulate unit load with minimum main steam temperature variation, the
combustion ratio (fuel and air flow) and feed water flow should keep a proper ratio—
coal/water ratio
Control scheme:
• Outer loop: feed water flow
command, consists of two parts:
a basic command comes from
coal-water ratio calculation,
then plus a calibration signal
from middle point temperature
control.
• Inner loop: feed water pump
speed control
41. 600MW SCPC Simulation – progress summary
• Completed
– Main devices modeling
– Substance property calculation
– Main Control system modeling
– Main steam-water system modeling
• To be developed
– HMI (DCS, DEH, MEH, etc) to facilitate the research on dynamic
response for grid code compliance
– Joint debugging and integration of the whole simulator
– Dynamic characteristic analysis and coordination control strategy
optimization
– Research on CCS+PC
42. Outline
• Overview of the EPSRC Project (J Wang)
• Power Plant Simulation (Y L Xue)
• Power Plant Modelling (J Wojcik)
• Summary (J Wang)
THE UNIVERSITY
of BIRMINGHAM
43. Summary
• The grid code study and comparison are carried out
• The first version of Mathematical modelling for the whole
plant process was derived
• Simulation programme at the industrial scale is to complete
soon.
• Post combustion CCS process dynamic simulation study
started a few months ago (Shen Guo)
• Computational intelligent algorithms are used for optimisation
THE UNIVERSITY
of BIRMINGHAM
44. Summary
Next stage work:
dynamic responses analysis and Grid Code compliance
control strategy for improvement of dynamic responses
in parallel with:
Post combustion CCS dynamic modelling
and simulation is on going
new/additional intelligent algorithms for power plant
optimisation
THE UNIVERSITY
of BIRMINGHAM
45. Summary
Collaboration:
We would like to work with other academic
institutes together in the research area of
mathematical modelling and simulation of
large scale power plant with CCS process.
THE UNIVERSITY
of BIRMINGHAM