Unit 4- Software Engineering System Model Notes

This document provides an overview of UML class diagrams, including their purpose and essential elements. A UML class diagram visually describes the structure of a system by showing classes, attributes, operations, and relationships. Key elements include classes, associations, generalization, dependencies, and notes. The document also provides examples and tips for creating UML class diagrams.

Gives an overview about Process, PCB, Process States, Process Operations, Scheduling, Schedulers, Interprocess communication, shared memory and message passing systems

UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a diagramming language used for object-oriented programming. It can be used to describe the organization, execution, use, and deployment of a program. Design patterns describe common solutions to programming problems and always use UML diagrams. This document focuses on class diagrams, which show classes, interfaces, and their relationships. It provides examples of how to depict classes with variables and methods, and relationships between classes like inheritance.

The document discusses object-oriented design (OOD) and describes its key characteristics and processes. Specifically, it covers: 1) Objects communicate by message passing and are self-contained entities that encapsulate state and behavior. 2) The OOD process involves identifying objects and classes, defining their interfaces, relationships, and developing models of the system. 3) The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is used to describe OOD models including classes, objects, associations, and other relationships.

The document provides an overview of advanced state modeling and interaction modeling techniques in UML. It discusses nested state diagrams and concurrent state diagrams for controlling complexity in state diagrams. It also covers activity models, use case models, and sequence models for interaction modeling. The relationships between class models, state models, and interaction models are also briefly described.

Flow-oriented modeling represents how data objects are transformed as they move through a system. A data flow diagram (DFD) is the diagrammatic form used to depict this approach. DFDs show the flow of data through processes and external entities of a system using symbols like circles and arrows. They provide a unique view of how a system works by modeling the input, output, storage and processing of data from level to level.

This ppt covers the following topics Introduction The software component Designing class-based components Designing conventional components Thus it covers Component level design

The document discusses software quality and defines key aspects: - It explains the importance of software quality for users and developers. - Qualities like correctness, reliability, efficiency are defined. - Methods for measuring qualities like ISO 9126 standard are presented. - Quality is important throughout the software development process. - Both product quality and process quality need to be managed.

This document discusses function-oriented software design. It explains that function-oriented design represents a system as a set of functions that transform inputs to outputs. The chapter objectives are to explain function-oriented design, introduce design notations, illustrate the design process with an example, and compare sequential, concurrent and object-oriented design strategies. Topics covered include data-flow design, structural decomposition, detailed design, and a comparison of design strategies.

The document discusses use case diagrams and use case descriptions for modeling system requirements. It covers drawing use case diagrams to show functional requirements and actors, common mistakes, and writing use case descriptions including basic, alternate, and exception flows of events. The document provides examples and exercises to help understand use cases for requirements modeling.

Coupling refers to the interdependence between software modules. There are several types of coupling from loose to tight, with the tightest being content coupling where one module relies on the internal workings of another. Cohesion measures how strongly related the functionality within a module is, ranging from coincidental to functional cohesion which is the strongest. Tight coupling and low cohesion can make software harder to maintain and reuse modules.

This presentation is about the use case and sequence diagram which are prepared for the UML of a system.

All software systems must operate with existing systems that have already been implemented and installed in an environment.

The document discusses software architectural design. It defines architecture as the structure of a system's components, their relationships, and properties. An architectural design model is transferable across different systems. The architecture enables analysis of design requirements and consideration of alternatives early in development. It represents the system in an intellectually graspable way. Common architectural styles structure systems and their components in different ways, such as data-centered, data flow, and call-and-return styles.

This ppt covers the following A strategic approach to testing Test strategies for conventional software Test strategies for object-oriented software Validation testing System testing The art of debugging

Object Modeling Technique (OMT) is real world based modeling approach for software modeling and designing. It was developed basically as a method to develop object-oriented systems and to support object-oriented programming. It describes the static structure of the system. Object Modeling Technique is easy to draw and use. It is used in many applications like telecommunication, transportation, compilers etc. It is also used in many real world problems. OMT is one of the most popular object oriented development techniques used now-a-days. OMT was developed by James Rambaugh. Purpose of Object Modeling Technique: To test physical entity before construction of them. To make communication easier with the customers. To present information in an alternative way i.e. visualization. To reduce the complexity of software. To solve the real world problems. Object Modeling Technique’s Models: There are three main types of models that has been proposed by OMT. Object Model: Object Model encompasses the principles of abstraction, encapsulation, modularity, hierarchy, typing, concurrency and persistence. Object Model basically emphasizes on the object and class. Main concepts related with Object Model are classes and their association with attributes. Predefined relationships in object model are aggregation and generalization (multiple inheritance). Dynamic Model: Dynamic Model involves states, events and state diagram (transition diagram) on the model. Main concepts related with Dynamic Model are states, transition between states and events to trigger the transitions. Predefined relationships in object model are aggregation (concurrency) and generalization. Functional Model: Functional Model focuses on the how data is flowing, where data is stored and different processes. Main concepts involved in Functional Model are data, data flow, data store, process and actors. Functional Model in OMT describes the whole processes and actions with the help of data flow diagram (DFD). Phases of Object Modeling Technique: OMT has the following phases: Analysis: This the first phase of the object modeling technique. This phase involves the preparation of precise and correct modelling of the real world problems. Analysis phase starts with setting a goal i.e. finding the problem statement. Problem statement is further divided into above discussed three models i.e. object, dynamic and functional model. System Design: This is the second phase of the object modeling technique and it comes after the analysis phase. It determines all system architecture, concurrent tasks and data storage. High level architecture of the system is designed during this phase. FOR MORE INFORMATION CLICK ON THE LINK BELOW : https://uii.io/programming

This document discusses distributed systems applications in real life, including three key areas: distributed rendering in computer graphics, peer-to-peer networks, and massively multiplayer online gaming. It describes how distributed rendering parallelizes graphics processing across multiple computers. Peer-to-peer networks are defined as decentralized networks where nodes act as both suppliers and consumers of resources. Examples of peer-to-peer applications include file sharing and content delivery networks. The document also outlines the challenges of designing multiplayer online games using a distributed architecture rather than a traditional client-server model.

The document discusses different types of system models used in requirements engineering including context models, behavioral models, data models, and object models. It describes modeling the system's context, data processing, behavior in response to events, logical data structure, and objects. The document also introduces the Unified Modeling Language (UML) and how computer-aided software engineering (CASE) workbenches support system modeling.

The document discusses different types of system models used in requirements engineering including context models, behavioral models, data models, and object models. It describes modeling the system's behavior using data flow diagrams and state machine diagrams. The document also introduces the Unified Modeling Language (UML) and how computer-aided software engineering (CASE) tools can support system modeling.

The document discusses system modeling as part of the requirements engineering process. It describes different types of models used to represent systems, including context models, behavioral models, data models, and object models. Specific modeling notations are introduced, such as data flow diagrams, state machines, and entity-relationship diagrams. Examples are provided to illustrate modeling concepts for systems like an ATM, order processing, and a microwave oven. The goal of system modeling is to help analysts understand system functionality from different perspectives to communicate requirements.

The document discusses various modeling techniques used in requirements analysis for web applications (WebApps), including: 1) Content modeling to identify and describe all content objects and their relationships. 2) Interaction modeling using use cases, sequence diagrams, state diagrams, and prototypes to describe how users interact. 3) Functional modeling to define all necessary operations and processing functions implied by usage scenarios. The techniques help analysts understand WebApp requirements by modeling key elements like content, interactions, and functions.

System modeling techniques are used during requirements engineering and design to represent different perspectives of a system. Context models show the system and its environment, while process models illustrate system processes. Behavioral models include data flow diagrams for data processing and state machine diagrams for event-driven behavior. Semantic data models describe logical data structures. Object models represent system entities and relationships. CASE tools support creating and analyzing various system models during development. Prototyping, through evolutionary or throw-away approaches, helps validate requirements by allowing users to interact with early versions of the system. Rapid prototyping techniques include visual programming and reusing components.

Rumbaugh's Object Modeling Technique (OMT) is an object-oriented analysis and design methodology. It uses three main modeling approaches: object models, dynamic models, and functional models. The object model defines the structure of objects in the system through class diagrams. The dynamic model describes object behavior over time using state diagrams and event flow diagrams. The functional model represents system processes and data flow using data flow diagrams.

The document discusses various techniques for modeling software requirements including: 1) Entity-relationship diagrams (ERDs) which model data objects and their relationships to understand the data domain. 2) Use case modeling which describes scenarios of how external actors will use the system through use cases and diagrams. 3) Flow-oriented modeling using data flow diagrams (DFDs) which represent how data objects are transformed as they move through the system.

The document discusses various techniques for modeling software requirements including: 1) Entity-relationship diagrams (ERDs) which model data objects and their relationships to understand the data domain. 2) Use case modeling which describes scenarios of how external actors will use the system through use cases and diagrams. 3) Object-oriented modeling which defines classes, objects, attributes, methods, encapsulation, and inheritance. 4) Flow modeling using data flow diagrams (DFDs) which represent how data objects flow through the system as they are transformed.

The document discusses use case diagrams and use case modeling. It provides an overview of use case diagrams, including their purpose and components. Key points include: - Use case diagrams show interactions between actors and the system/software being modeled through use cases. They are used early in development to capture requirements and later to specify system behavior. - Components of a use case diagram include actors, use cases, and relationships between them like generalization, include, and extend. Actors represent roles that interact with the system while use cases represent system functions/processes. - Examples of a use case diagram for a vehicle sales system are provided to demonstrate how actors, use cases, and relationships can be modeled visually. Guidance is

The document discusses different types of system models used in requirements engineering, including context models, behavioral models, data models, and object models. It provides examples of each type of model, such as a data flow diagram of an order processing system and a state diagram for a microwave oven. The objectives are to explain why system context should be modeled, describe different modeling notations and perspectives, and discuss how computer-aided software engineering tools can support system modeling.

The document discusses different types of system models used in requirements engineering, including context models, behavioral models, data models, and object models. It provides examples of each type of model, such as a data flow diagram of an order processing system and a state diagram for a microwave oven. The objectives are to explain why system context should be modeled, describe different modeling notations and perspectives, and discuss how computer-aided software engineering tools can support system modeling.

The document discusses system modeling and different types of models used during requirements engineering including context models, data flow diagrams, state machine models, semantic data models, object models, and sequence diagrams. It also introduces the Unified Modeling Language (UML) notation and explains how analysis workbenches can support system modeling.

The document discusses system modeling and different types of models used during requirements engineering including context models, data flow diagrams, state machine models, semantic data models, object models, and sequence diagrams. It also introduces the Unified Modeling Language (UML) notation and explains how analysis workbenches can support system modeling.

System models abstractly describe systems being analyzed and are used to communicate with customers. Different models show the system from external, behavioral, and structural perspectives. Common system models include context models depicting system boundaries, data flow diagrams modeling data processing, state machine models representing system states and transitions, and object models describing the system in terms of object classes and relationships. The Unified Modeling Language provides standard notations for object-oriented modeling.

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It's all about the modeling system requirements, how we can gather the requirements for modeling a system.

This chapter discusses analysis and design modeling. It describes various analysis modeling approaches like structured analysis and object-oriented analysis. Structured analysis uses diagrams like data flow diagrams, entity-relationship diagrams, and state transition diagrams. Object-oriented analysis focuses on identifying classes, objects, attributes, and relationships. The chapter also covers data modeling concepts, flow-oriented modeling using data flow diagrams, scenario-based modeling with use cases, and developing behavioral models to represent system behavior. Analysis modeling creates representations of the system to understand requirements and lay the foundation for design.

The document discusses the key activities in requirements engineering including inception, elicitation, analysis modeling, negotiation and validation. It describes techniques used in each stage such as use cases, class and state diagrams to model requirements. Quality function deployment and patterns are also discussed as tools to help define and organize requirements.

The document discusses the key activities in requirements engineering including inception, elicitation, analysis modeling, negotiation and validation. It describes techniques used in each stage such as use cases, class and state diagrams to model requirements. Quality function deployment and patterns are also discussed as tools to help define and organize requirements.

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The document contains questions from past exams for an Advanced Database Management Systems course at Tribhuwan University Institute of Science and Technology in Nepal. The questions cover a range of database topics including data mining, object-relational databases, temporal and mobile databases, XML, data warehousing, and distributed databases. Students are instructed to answer all questions in their own words drawing from their knowledge of database concepts and systems.

The document provides details about an advanced database management systems course including its objectives, course contents, and requirements. The course aims to study advanced database techniques beyond fundamental concepts. It contains 5 units covering relational and object-oriented database models, emerging technologies like data warehousing and data mining, and database standards. Students must complete a project using a commercial object-oriented database management system and model-view-controller framework.

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Nepal has few internet service providers. A backbone interconnects different networks to exchange data between them. It can connect local area networks within offices or campuses. When multiple local area networks interconnect over a large area, it forms a wide area network or metropolitan area network for an entire city.

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The document discusses topics related to rapid software development and evolution, including agile methods, extreme programming, rapid application development, and software prototyping. It provides details on characteristics of rapid application development processes like concurrent specification, design, and implementation. Iterative development approaches are covered along with advantages and challenges. Specific agile methods like extreme programming, with practices like test-driven development and pair programming, are also summarized.

This document provides an overview of architectural design for software systems. It discusses topics like system organization, decomposition styles, and control styles. The key aspects covered are: 1. Architectural design identifies the subsystems, framework for control/communication, and is described in a software architecture. 2. Common decisions include system structure, distribution, styles, decomposition, and control strategy. Models are used to document the design. 3. Organization styles include repository (shared data), client-server (shared services), and layered (abstract machines). Decomposition can be through objects or pipelines. Control can be centralized or event-based.

The document discusses software requirements including functional and non-functional requirements, user requirements, and system requirements. It covers topics like requirements engineering, the importance of requirements, problems that can arise from imprecise requirements, and how to classify and write good requirements. Functional requirements state what services the system should provide, how it should react to inputs, and how it should behave. Non-functional requirements constrain the system's operation and development. Good requirements are complete, consistent, understandable, and unambiguous.

Critical systems must be dependable to avoid catastrophic failures. Dependability encompasses availability, reliability, safety, and security. Availability refers to a system's ability to deliver services when requested, while reliability means delivering services correctly. Safety ensures excessive errors do not occur, as even one failure could endanger life. Development methods for critical systems aim to formally prove correctness due to high failure costs. An insulin pump example demonstrated how software controls a medical device, requiring stringent dependability to safely regulate insulin doses.

This document discusses key concepts in software engineering. It begins with definitions of software and software engineering. It then covers differences between software engineering and computer science/system engineering. Software processes and models are explained. Costs, methods, CASE tools, attributes of good software and challenges in the field are summarized. The document also discusses professional and ethical responsibilities of software engineers, including issues like confidentiality, competence, intellectual property and computer misuse. Finally, it outlines the eight principles of the ACM/IEEE Code of Ethics for software engineers.

The document discusses various topics related to computer networks including uses of networks in business, home, mobile applications and social issues. It also discusses different types of network hardware including personal area networks, local area networks, metropolitan area networks, wide area networks and the internet. Example networks covered include the ARPANET, NSFNET, the internet, wireless LANs, 3G mobile phone networks, and RFID and sensor networks.

The document discusses computer networks and their components. It describes end systems like clients and servers that run applications. Clients request services from servers. The network core uses either circuit switching or packet switching to move data through links and switches. Packet switched networks can be datagram networks, like the Internet, which forwards packets based on destination address, or virtual circuit networks which use preplanned routes. The document also covers network access technologies like dial-up connections and DSL internet access.

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