Socialization
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Socialization is the process by which people learn the values and behaviors appropriate for their culture. It is shaped by both nature and nurture, as well as one's social environment. Several theorists have studied socialization and identity development. Sigmund Freud believed that identity is shaped by the id, ego, and superego as they balance internal drives with external demands. Jean Piaget identified four stages of cognitive development from sensorimotor to formal operations. George Herbert Mead viewed the self as developing through social experience and seeing oneself through the perspectives of others.
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Socialization
- 2. Is the process in which people learn attitudes, values, and actions appropriate for members of a particular culture.
- 3. Socialization affects the overall cultural practices of a society and shapes images that we hold of ourselves
- 4. Nature vs. Nurture Otherwise known as heredity versus environment The more popular belief in shaping human development: interaction of the variables In other words heredity and environmental factors influence socialization process….
- 5. Social Environment ( and isolation) Cases in point: Nell ( Jodie Foster movie ) Tarzan - Isabelle
- 6. To understand Human Development Better let’s take a look at the following….
- 7. Sigmund Freud Theorized that humans have two basic needs: To bond ( life instinct);eros - The aggressive drive ( death instinct ); thanatos
- 8. Freud’s Theory of Personality Id - demands immediate satisfaction Ego -represents a person’s conscious efforts to balance innate pleasure seeking drives with demands of society Superego- operates as our conscience,telling us why we cannot have everything we want.
- 9. Theory in Brief Self influenced by parents and by inborn drives, such as drive for sexual gratification
- 10. Jean Piaget’s Cognitive Development The sensorimotor stage – level of human development at which individuals experience the world only through their senses
- 11. The pre-operational stage- level of human development at which individuals first use language and other symbols
- 12. The concrete operational stage- the level of human development at which individuals first perceive causal connections in their surroundings
- 13. The formal operational stage- the level of human development at which individuals think abstractly and critically
- 14. Theory in Brief Four stages of cognitive development; moral development linked to socialization
- 15. George Herbert Mead The self is mead’s central concept. It is that part of an individual’s personality composed of self-awareness and self-image The self develops only with social experience
- 16. Social experience is the exchange of symbols To understand intention, you must imagine a situation from the other’s point of view * all symbolic interaction takes the role of the other
- 17. Theory in Brief Self develops as children grasp the roles of others in their lives
- 18. Charles Horton Cooley The Looking-glass self : -others represent a mirror (looking glass) in which we see ourselves -what we think of ourselves depends on what we think others think of us
- 19. Theory in Brief Feelings toward ourselves developed through interaction with others
- 20. Erving Goffman’s Presentation of the Self Impression management- altering presentation of the self….dramaturgical approach Face-work – another aspect of self connected to some kind of face saving behavior when we feel embarrassed or rejected
- 21. Theory in Brief Self develop through the impressions we convey to others and to groups