The objective of the proposed system is to integrate the high volume of data along with the important
considerations like monitoring a wide array of heterogeneous security. When a real time cyber attack
occurred, the Intrusion Detection System automatically store the log in distributed environment and
monitor the log with existing intrusion dictionary. At the same time the system will check and categorize the
severity of the log to high, medium, and low respectively. After the categorization, the system will
automatically take necessary action against the user-unit with respect to the severity of the log. The
advantage of the system is that it utilize anomaly detection, evaluates data and issue alert message or
reports based on abnormal behaviour.
As the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system are deployed in infrastructures which are critical to the survival of a nation, they have emerged as a potential terrain for cyber-war, thus attracting the considered attention of ‘nation-states’. The analysis of worms like ‘stuxnet’ ‘flame’ and ‘duqu’ reveals the hand of a ‘nation-state’ in their design and deployment. Hence, the necessity to understand various issues in the defence of SCADA systems arises. The forensics of the SCADA system provide deep insight into the design and deployment of the worm (the malware) once the system is attacked. This is precisely the scope of this essay.
This document summarizes a proposed network attack alerting system that aims to reduce redundant alerts from intrusion detection systems (IDS). The system uses both network-based and host-based IDS to detect attacks launched using the Backtrack penetration testing tool on a virtual network environment. Well-known open source IDS tools from the Security Onion distribution are used to generate alerts. The system builds a database of alerts and defines rules to eliminate duplicate alerts for the same attack based on attributes like source/destination IP and port. It also establishes a severity classification scheme using threshold values of alerts and time to help administrators prioritize responses.
Engineering Internship Report - Network Intrusion Detection And Prevention Us...
This document describes the software requirements and specifications for building network intrusion detection and prevention systems using Snort and Iptables. It outlines the system requirements including the operating system, firewall, and servers needed. It then describes the key tools used - Snort for intrusion detection, BASE for analyzing Snort alerts, Wireshark for packet analysis, Iptables for firewall rules, and scripting for automation. Finally, it provides an overview of the web development tools used to create interfaces for managing rule sets.
SECURITY THREATS IN SENSOR NETWORK IN IOT: A SURVEY
In recent years, wireless sensor network (WSN) is used in several application areas resembling observance, tracking, and dominant in IoTs. for several applications of WSN, security is a crucial demand. However, security solutions in WSN disagree from ancient networks because of resource limitation and process constraints. This paper analyzes security solutions: TinySec, IEEE 802.15.4, SPINS, MiniSEC, LSec, LLSP, LISA, and LISP in WSN. This paper additionally presents characteristics, security needs, attacks, cryptography algorithms, and operation modes. This paper is taken into account to be helpful for security designers in WSNs.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document summarizes various soft computing techniques that can be used for intrusion detection, including fuzzy logic, graph-based approaches, and neural networks. Fuzzy logic can be used to classify parameters and detect anomalies by comparing normal and new fuzzy association rule sets. Graph-based approaches model network traffic as graphs of nodes and edges and use clustering algorithms to detect anomalies. Neural networks can be trained on audit log data to recognize normal behavior and detect deviations that may indicate attacks. These soft computing methods aim to improve on signature-based detection by learning patterns of normal network activity and detecting anomalies.
An Efficient Classification Mechanism For Network Intrusion Detection System Based on Data Mining
Techniques:A Survey..........................................................................................................................1
Subaira A. S. and Anitha P.
Automated Biometric Verification: A Survey on Multimodal Biometrics ..............................................1
Rupali L. Telgad, Almas M. N. Siddiqui and Dr. Prapti D. Deshmukh
Design and Implementation of Intelligence Car Parking Systems ........................................................1
Ogunlere Samson, Maitanmi Olusola and Gregory Onwodi
Intrusion Detection Techniques for Mobile Ad Hoc and Wireless Sensor Networks..............................1
Rakesh Sharma, V. A. Athavale and Pinki Sharma
Performance Evaluation of Sentiment Mining Classifiers on Balanced and Imbalanced Dataset ...........1
G.Vinodhini and R M. Chandrasekaran
Demosaicing and Super-resolution for Color Filter Array via Residual Image Reconstruction and Sparse
Representation..................................................................................................................................1
Jie Yin, Guangling Sun and Xiaofei Zhou
Determining Weight of Known Evaluation Criteria in the Field of Mehr Housing using ANP Approach ..1
Saeed Safari, Mohammad Shojaee, Mohammad Tavakolian and Majid Assarian
Application of the Collaboration Facets of the Reference Model in Design Science Paradigm ...............1
Lukasz Ostrowski and Markus Helfert
Personalizing Education News Articles Using Interest Term and Category Based Recommender
Approaches .......................................................................................................................................1
This document provides an overview of intrusion detection systems (IDS) and Snort, an open source network-based IDS. It discusses the basic requirements, types (network-based, host-based, distributed), and approaches of IDS. It then focuses on Snort, describing its modes of operation, packet sniffing capabilities, and network intrusion detection. Key terms related to IDS are also defined. The document aims to introduce readers to IDS and Snort for monitoring network traffic and detecting intrusions and threats.
TACTiCS_WP Security_Addressing Security in SDN Environment
This document discusses addressing security concerns in SDN environments. It proposes an approach using an application on the SDN controller to monitor alerts from an IDS, analyze network traffic samples, and automate blocking of malicious flows. The application would function similarly to a security operations center (SOC) by correlating security events and taking action. The implementation is demonstrated using the OpenDaylight controller and Mininet virtual network, with SNORT for intrusion detection and sFlow for traffic sampling.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The document provides an introduction to intrusion detection systems (IDS). It defines key concepts related to information security like threats, attacks, and security goals of confidentiality, integrity and availability. It discusses different types of attacks such as passive eavesdropping and active attacks like interruption, modification and fabrication. The document then introduces IDS, explaining what it is, the need for it, types of intrusions from inside and outside, and classifications of IDS based on information source, type of information and usage frequency.
Survey on Host and Network Based Intrusion Detection System
With invent of new technologies and devices, Intrusion has become an area of concern because of security issues, in the ever growing area of cyber-attack. An intrusion detection system (IDS) is defined as a device or software application which monitors system or network activities for malicious activities or policy violations. It produces reports to a management station [1]. In this paper we are mainly focused on different IDS concepts based on Host and Network systems.
IRJET- Review on Intrusion Detection System using Recurrent Neural Network wi...
This document summarizes research on using recurrent neural networks and deep learning for intrusion detection. It first provides background on intrusion detection systems and their types. It then discusses how deep learning approaches like recurrent neural networks can help address limitations of traditional machine learning methods for intrusion detection. The document reviews several related studies on intrusion detection using techniques like autoencoders, decision trees, and LSTM-RNNs. It proposes using a recurrent neural network model trained on the NSL-KDD dataset for intrusion detection, claiming this deep learning approach can improve classification accuracy compared to traditional machine learning methods.
(1) The document discusses network attack and intrusion prevention systems. It describes how intrusion prevention systems (IPS) aim to detect and block threats in online traffic in real-time, beyond just detecting threats like intrusion detection systems (IDS).
(2) Feature extraction from network traffic is important for IPS to analyze without being overwhelmed by raw data. The document examines relevant features to monitor and criteria for deciding what is important to track.
(3) Experimental testing is needed to evaluate IPS performance. The document outlines stages for training systems, testing methodsologies, and resuming test results. This helps IPS avoid unexpected outcomes and ensures continuous monitoring.
Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) have become widely recognized as powerful tools for identifying, deterring and deflecting malicious attacks over the network. Intrusion detection systems (IDSs) are designed and installed to aid in deterring or mitigating the damage that can be caused by hacking, or breaking into sensitive IT systems. . The attacks can come from outsider attackers on the Internet, authorized insiders who misuse the privileges that have been given them and unauthorized insiders who attempt to gain unauthorized privileges. IDSs cannot be used in isolation, but must be part of a larger framework of IT security measures. Essential to almost every intrusion detection system is the ability to search through packets and identify content that matches known attacks. Space and time efficient string matching algorithms are therefore important for identifying these packets at line rate. In this paper we examine string matching algorithm and their use for Intrusion Detection. Keywords: System Design, Network Algorithm
DEPLOYMENT OF INTRUSION PREVENTION SYSTEM ON MULTI-CORE PROCESSOR BASED SECUR...IJCNCJournal
After tightening up network perimeter for dealing with external threats, organizations have woken up to the
threats from inside Local Area Networks (LAN) over the past several years. It is thus important to design
and implement LAN security strategies in order to secure assets on LAN by filtering traffic and thereby
protecting them from malicious access and insider attacks. Banking Financial Services and Insurance
(BFSI) industry is one such segment that faces increased risks and security challenges. The typical
architecture of this segment includes several thousands of users connecting from various branches over
Wide Area Network (WAN) links crossing national and international boundaries with varying network
speed to access data center resources. The objective of this work is to deploy LAN security solution to
protect the data center located at headquarters from the end user machines. A LAN security solution should
ideally provide Network Access Control (NAC) along with cleaning (securing) the traffic going through it.
Traffic cleaning itself includes various features like firewall, intrusion detection/prevention, traffic anomaly
detection, validation of asset ownership etc. LANenforcer (LE) is a device deployed in front of the data
center such that the traffic from end-user machines necessarily passes through it so that it can enforce
security. The goal of this system is to enhance the security features of a LANenforcer security system with
Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) to enable it to detect and prevent malicious network activities. IPS is
plugged into the packet path based on the configuration in such a way that the entire traffic passes through
the IPS on LE.
An Extensive Survey of Intrusion Detection SystemsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes an extensive survey of intrusion detection systems. It discusses the general architecture of IDS, including host-based and network-based systems. It describes different types of attacks (e.g. DoS, probing, user-to-root) and defenses. It analyzes previous work applying data mining techniques like machine learning to improve detection rates and reduce false alarms. A key problem is the massive number of false alarms that overburden security managers; the document aims to investigate solutions to lower the false alarm rate so that real threats are not missed.
As the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system are deployed in infrastructures which are critical to the survival of a nation, they have emerged as a potential terrain for cyber-war, thus attracting the considered attention of ‘nation-states’. The analysis of worms like ‘stuxnet’ ‘flame’ and ‘duqu’ reveals the hand of a ‘nation-state’ in their design and deployment. Hence, the necessity to understand various issues in the defence of SCADA systems arises. The forensics of the SCADA system provide deep insight into the design and deployment of the worm (the malware) once the system is attacked. This is precisely the scope of this essay.
This document summarizes a proposed network attack alerting system that aims to reduce redundant alerts from intrusion detection systems (IDS). The system uses both network-based and host-based IDS to detect attacks launched using the Backtrack penetration testing tool on a virtual network environment. Well-known open source IDS tools from the Security Onion distribution are used to generate alerts. The system builds a database of alerts and defines rules to eliminate duplicate alerts for the same attack based on attributes like source/destination IP and port. It also establishes a severity classification scheme using threshold values of alerts and time to help administrators prioritize responses.
This document describes the software requirements and specifications for building network intrusion detection and prevention systems using Snort and Iptables. It outlines the system requirements including the operating system, firewall, and servers needed. It then describes the key tools used - Snort for intrusion detection, BASE for analyzing Snort alerts, Wireshark for packet analysis, Iptables for firewall rules, and scripting for automation. Finally, it provides an overview of the web development tools used to create interfaces for managing rule sets.
In recent years, wireless sensor network (WSN) is used in several application areas resembling observance, tracking, and dominant in IoTs. for several applications of WSN, security is a crucial demand. However, security solutions in WSN disagree from ancient networks because of resource limitation and process constraints. This paper analyzes security solutions: TinySec, IEEE 802.15.4, SPINS, MiniSEC, LSec, LLSP, LISA, and LISP in WSN. This paper additionally presents characteristics, security needs, attacks, cryptography algorithms, and operation modes. This paper is taken into account to be helpful for security designers in WSNs.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document summarizes various soft computing techniques that can be used for intrusion detection, including fuzzy logic, graph-based approaches, and neural networks. Fuzzy logic can be used to classify parameters and detect anomalies by comparing normal and new fuzzy association rule sets. Graph-based approaches model network traffic as graphs of nodes and edges and use clustering algorithms to detect anomalies. Neural networks can be trained on audit log data to recognize normal behavior and detect deviations that may indicate attacks. These soft computing methods aim to improve on signature-based detection by learning patterns of normal network activity and detecting anomalies.
An Efficient Classification Mechanism For Network Intrusion Detection System Based on Data Mining
Techniques:A Survey..........................................................................................................................1
Subaira A. S. and Anitha P.
Automated Biometric Verification: A Survey on Multimodal Biometrics ..............................................1
Rupali L. Telgad, Almas M. N. Siddiqui and Dr. Prapti D. Deshmukh
Design and Implementation of Intelligence Car Parking Systems ........................................................1
Ogunlere Samson, Maitanmi Olusola and Gregory Onwodi
Intrusion Detection Techniques for Mobile Ad Hoc and Wireless Sensor Networks..............................1
Rakesh Sharma, V. A. Athavale and Pinki Sharma
Performance Evaluation of Sentiment Mining Classifiers on Balanced and Imbalanced Dataset ...........1
G.Vinodhini and R M. Chandrasekaran
Demosaicing and Super-resolution for Color Filter Array via Residual Image Reconstruction and Sparse
Representation..................................................................................................................................1
Jie Yin, Guangling Sun and Xiaofei Zhou
Determining Weight of Known Evaluation Criteria in the Field of Mehr Housing using ANP Approach ..1
Saeed Safari, Mohammad Shojaee, Mohammad Tavakolian and Majid Assarian
Application of the Collaboration Facets of the Reference Model in Design Science Paradigm ...............1
Lukasz Ostrowski and Markus Helfert
Personalizing Education News Articles Using Interest Term and Category Based Recommender
Approaches .......................................................................................................................................1
This document provides an overview of intrusion detection systems (IDS) and Snort, an open source network-based IDS. It discusses the basic requirements, types (network-based, host-based, distributed), and approaches of IDS. It then focuses on Snort, describing its modes of operation, packet sniffing capabilities, and network intrusion detection. Key terms related to IDS are also defined. The document aims to introduce readers to IDS and Snort for monitoring network traffic and detecting intrusions and threats.
TACTiCS_WP Security_Addressing Security in SDN EnvironmentSaikat Chaudhuri
This document discusses addressing security concerns in SDN environments. It proposes an approach using an application on the SDN controller to monitor alerts from an IDS, analyze network traffic samples, and automate blocking of malicious flows. The application would function similarly to a security operations center (SOC) by correlating security events and taking action. The implementation is demonstrated using the OpenDaylight controller and Mininet virtual network, with SNORT for intrusion detection and sFlow for traffic sampling.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The document provides an introduction to intrusion detection systems (IDS). It defines key concepts related to information security like threats, attacks, and security goals of confidentiality, integrity and availability. It discusses different types of attacks such as passive eavesdropping and active attacks like interruption, modification and fabrication. The document then introduces IDS, explaining what it is, the need for it, types of intrusions from inside and outside, and classifications of IDS based on information source, type of information and usage frequency.
Survey on Host and Network Based Intrusion Detection SystemEswar Publications
With invent of new technologies and devices, Intrusion has become an area of concern because of security issues, in the ever growing area of cyber-attack. An intrusion detection system (IDS) is defined as a device or software application which monitors system or network activities for malicious activities or policy violations. It produces reports to a management station [1]. In this paper we are mainly focused on different IDS concepts based on Host and Network systems.
IRJET- Review on Intrusion Detection System using Recurrent Neural Network wi...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on using recurrent neural networks and deep learning for intrusion detection. It first provides background on intrusion detection systems and their types. It then discusses how deep learning approaches like recurrent neural networks can help address limitations of traditional machine learning methods for intrusion detection. The document reviews several related studies on intrusion detection using techniques like autoencoders, decision trees, and LSTM-RNNs. It proposes using a recurrent neural network model trained on the NSL-KDD dataset for intrusion detection, claiming this deep learning approach can improve classification accuracy compared to traditional machine learning methods.
Network Attack and Intrusion Prevention System Deris Stiawan
(1) The document discusses network attack and intrusion prevention systems. It describes how intrusion prevention systems (IPS) aim to detect and block threats in online traffic in real-time, beyond just detecting threats like intrusion detection systems (IDS).
(2) Feature extraction from network traffic is important for IPS to analyze without being overwhelmed by raw data. The document examines relevant features to monitor and criteria for deciding what is important to track.
(3) Experimental testing is needed to evaluate IPS performance. The document outlines stages for training systems, testing methodsologies, and resuming test results. This helps IPS avoid unexpected outcomes and ensures continuous monitoring.
Network Forensics is scientifically proven technique to accumulate, perceive, identify, examine, associate, analyse and document digital evidence from multiple systems for the purpose of uncovering the fact of attacks and other problem incident as well as performing the action to recover from the attack. Many systems are proposed for designing the network forensic systems. In this paper we have prepared comparative analysis of various models based on different techniques.
This document discusses intrusion detection systems (IDS). An IDS monitors network or system activities for malicious activities or policy violations. IDS can be classified based on detection method (anomaly-based detects deviations from normal usage, signature-based looks for known attack patterns) or location (host-based monitors individual systems, network-based monitors entire network traffic). The document outlines strengths and limitations of different IDS types and discusses the future of integrating detection methods.
Analyzing the Effectivess of Web Application FirewallsLarry Suto
This document analyzes the effectiveness of eight web application firewalls and intrusion prevention systems. It finds that while WAFs provide decent protection out of the box, their effectiveness significantly increases when tuned using rules generated by dynamic application security testing tools - blocking an average of 36% more vulnerabilities. It also finds that IPS systems are not designed for web applications but can block as many vulnerabilities as WAFs when tuned in this way. Overall, the study shows that WAFs and IPSes need to be configured by experts and supplemented with security testing to provide robust protection for web applications.
This document proposes monitoring recommender systems over time to detect sybil attacks. It suggests distrusting newcomers to force sybils to draw out their attacks. It recommends monitoring at the system, user, and item levels by learning normal temporal behavior and flagging anomalies. The key contributions are forcing sybils to reveal attacks through prolonged activity and monitoring a wide range of attacks over time.
A Lightweight Algorithm for Detecting Sybil Attack in Mobile Wireless Sensor ...Editor IJCATR
Considering the application of wireless sensor networks in critical area, such as battlefields, establishing security in these
networks is of utmost importance. One of the most serious and dangerous attack against these networks is Sybil attack. In this attack, a
malicious hostile node creates multiple fake identities simultaneously. This misleads legitimate nodes and, by mistake, they assume
each of these identifiers as real separate nodes. In this attack, malicious hostile node attracts so heavy traffic that can dramatically
disrupt routing protocols which has devastating effects on the network functions such as data integration, voting, and resource
allocation. The current research proposes a new lightweight algorithm for detecting Sybil attack in Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks
using sink nodes. The proposed algorithm is implemented to be assessed in terms of detection and error rates efficiency in a series of
experiments. Comparison of the experiment results with the results of other available algorithms revealed optimal performance of the
proposed algorithm.
This document discusses mechanisms to defend against Sybil attacks in mobile ad hoc networks. It introduces Sybil attacks and their impact on ad hoc networks. It then summarizes several detection models for Sybil attacks, including PKI-based protocols, threshold-based protocols, reputation schemes, and watchdog mechanisms. It also proposes a multifactor authentication scheme that combines cryptographic techniques with physical attribute verification. Finally, it outlines a passive identity detection scheme that leverages the mobility of nodes to identify Sybil identities that must move together.
In Vehicular Communication, the security system against the attacker is very important. Sybil attacks have been regarded as a serious security threat to ad hoc networks and sensor networks. It is an attack in which an original identity of the vehicle is corrupted or theft by an attacker to creates multiple fake identities. Detecting such type of attacker and the original vehicle is a challenging task in VANET. This survey paper briefly presents various Sybil attack detection mechanism in VANET.
Comparative Study on Intrusion Detection Systems for Smartphonesiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Enhancing Intrusion Detection System with Proximity InformationZhenyun Zhuang
This document proposes PAIDS, a Proximity-Assisted Intrusion Detection System that identifies unknown worm outbreaks by leveraging proximity information of compromised hosts. PAIDS operates independently from existing signature-based and anomaly-based IDS approaches. It observes that compromised hosts tend to cluster geographically and remain active for long periods, allowing proximity to infected machines to indicate higher infection risk. The document motivates PAIDS based on limitations of other IDSes and clustered/long-term nature of worm spread. It then outlines PAIDS design, deployment model, software architecture, and key components for detecting outbreaks using proximity information.
The document summarizes a smart home project that uses Internet of Things and machine learning applications for face recognition. The project uses various hardware components like Arduino, motion sensors, and webcams. It also utilizes software tools like MATLAB, PHP, and machine learning to enable features like motion detection, photo capture and emailing, face recognition using neural networks, YouTube live streaming of the home, and displaying the location of users on a Google Map. The overall aim of the project is to remotely monitor and control a smart home using sensors, web applications, and machine learning.
This document describes a GSM-based anti-theft system for vehicles. The system uses a microcontroller and GSM modem to send SMS alerts to the vehicle owner's phone if the vehicle alarm is triggered. This provides immediate notification even if the thief gets away with the car, allowing the owner to quickly contact authorities. The system components include a microcontroller, GSM modem, and power supply to integrate wireless features and allow the modem to send SMS messages by serially transferring AT commands.
This document is a report on an object detection system using an ultrasonic sensor and micro-servo motor controlled by an Arduino board. The system uses an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor mounted on a micro-servo motor to detect objects within a 4m radius by sweeping the sensor's field of view. The Arduino receives distance measurements from the sensor and sends them to a computer via serial communication for graphical display. The report describes the components used, circuit diagrams, code explanations, calibration process and observations made with the system.
The document discusses the Sixth Sense technology, which aims to connect the digital world to the physical world. It describes the key components of the Sixth Sense device prototype, including a camera, projector, mirror, and colored markers on the fingers. The device processes gestures to project digital information onto physical surfaces. Some applications mentioned include using maps, taking photos, drawing, making calls, getting product/flight information, and interacting with objects. Future projects building on this technology, like mouseless computing and allowing multiple views on a single display, are also discussed.
In this research work an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) and Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) will be implemented to detect and prevent critical networks infrastructure from cyber-attacks. To strengthen network security and improve the network's active defense intrusion detection capabilities, this project will consist of intrusion detection system using honey token based encrypted pointers and intrusion prevention system which based on the mixed interactive honeypot. The Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is based on the novel approach of Honey Token based Encrypted Pointers.
Introduction To Intrusion Detection SystemsPaul Green
An intrusion detection system (IDS) monitors network traffic and system activities for malicious activities or policy violations. An IDS typically consists of sensors to generate security events, a central engine to correlate events and generate alerts, and a console for administrators to monitor alerts. There are different types of IDS, including network IDS that monitor network traffic, and host-based IDS that monitor activities on individual hosts. While firewalls block unwanted traffic using rules, IDS are needed to monitor for attacks hidden in acceptable traffic and help identify unwanted network traffic using signatures and anomaly detection. IDS can operate passively by detecting anomalies and logging or actively by performing actions like blocking traffic (intrusion prevention system).
Internet of Things means every household or handy device which is used to make our world easy and better and connected with IP which transmit some data.
This slide covers IOT description, OWASP Top 10 2014 & its recommendations.
Network intrusion detection systems (NIDS) monitor network traffic for malicious activity by analyzing network packets at choke points like borders or the demilitarized zone. NIDS identify intrusions by comparing traffic patterns to known attack signatures or by detecting anomalies from established baselines. While NIDS can detect both previously known and unknown attacks, they require frequent signature database updates and may generate false positives. NIDS provide visibility without affecting network performance but cannot inspect encrypted traffic or all traffic on very large networks.
SECURITY ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH BIG DATA IN CLOUD COMPUTINGIJNSA Journal
In this paper, we discuss security issues for cloud computing, Big data, Map Reduce and Hadoop environment. The main focus is on security issues in cloud computing that are associated with big data. Big data applications are a great benefit to organizations, business, companies and many large scale and small scale industries.We also discuss various possible solutions for the issues in cloud computing security and Hadoop. Cloud computing security is developing at a rapid pace which includes computer security, network security, information security, and data privacy. Cloud computing plays a very vital role in protecting data, applications and the related infrastructure with the help of policies, technologies, controls, and big data tools. Moreover, cloud computing, big data and its applications, advantages are likely to represent the most promising new frontiers in science.
Security issues associated with big data in cloud computingIJNSA Journal
In this paper, we discuss security issues for cloud
computing, Big data, Map Reduce and Hadoop
environment. The main focus is on security issues i
n cloud computing that are associated with big
data. Big data applications are a great benefit to
organizations, business, companies and many
large scale and small scale industries.We also disc
uss various possible solutions for the issues
in cloud computing security and Hadoop. Cloud compu
ting security is developing at a rapid pace
which includes computer security, network security,
information security, and data privacy.
Cloud computing plays a very vital role in protecti
ng data, applications and the related
infrastructure with the help of policies, technolog
ies, controls, and big data tools
.
Moreover,
cloud computing, big data and its applications, adv
antages are likely to represent the most
promising new frontiers in science.
This document discusses security issues related to cloud computing, MapReduce, and Hadoop environments. It provides an overview of key concepts like cloud computing, big data, Hadoop, MapReduce, and HDFS. It then discusses the motivation for securing these systems and related work done by others. Finally, it outlines several challenges to security in cloud computing environments, including issues related to distributed nodes, distributed data, internode communication, data protection, administrative rights, authentication, and logging.
HIGH LEVEL VIEW OF CLOUD SECURITY: ISSUES AND SOLUTIONScscpconf
In this paper, we discuss security issues for cloud computing, Map Reduce and Hadoop
environment. We also discuss various possible solutions for the issues in cloud computing
security and Hadoop. Today, Cloud computing security is developing at a rapid pace which
includes computer security, network security and information security. Cloud computing plays a
very vital role in protecting data, applications and the related infrastructure with the help of
policies, technologies and controls.
Big data is the term for any gathering of information sets, so expensive and complex, that it gets to be hard to process for utilizing customary information handling applications. The difficulties incorporate investigation, catch, duration, inquiry, sharing, stockpiling, Exchange, perception, and protection infringement. To reduce spot business patterns, anticipate diseases, conflict etc., we require bigger data sets when compared with the smaller data sets. Enormous information is hard to work with utilizing most social database administration frameworks and desktop measurements and perception bundles, needing rather enormously parallel programming running on tens, hundreds, or even a large number of servers. In this paper there was an observation on Hadoop architecture, different tools used for big data and its security issues.
A Comprehensive Study on Big Data Applications and Challengesijcisjournal
Big Data has gained much interest from the academia and the IT industry. In the digital and computing
world, information is generated and collected at a rate that quickly exceeds the boundary range. As
information is transferred and shared at light speed on optic fiber and wireless networks, the volume of
data and the speed of market growth increase. Conversely, the fast growth rate of such large data
generates copious challenges, such as the rapid growth of data, transfer speed, diverse data, and security.
Even so, Big Data is still in its early stage, and the domain has not been reviewed in general. Hence, this
study expansively surveys and classifies an assortment of attributes of Big Data, including its nature,
definitions, rapid growth rate, volume, management, analysis, and security. This study also proposes a
data life cycle that uses the technologies and terminologies of Big Data. Map/Reduce is a programming
model for efficient distributed computing. It works well with semi-structured and unstructured data. A
simple model but good for a lot of applications like Log processing and Web index building.
This document provides a review of Hadoop storage and clustering algorithms. It begins with an introduction to big data and the challenges of storing and processing large, diverse datasets. It then discusses related technologies like cloud computing and Hadoop, including the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) and MapReduce processing model. The document analyzes and compares various clustering techniques like K-means, fuzzy C-means, hierarchical clustering, and Self-Organizing Maps based on parameters such as number of clusters, size of clusters, dataset type, and noise.
The document discusses big data testing using the Hadoop platform. It describes how Hadoop, along with technologies like HDFS, MapReduce, YARN, Pig, and Spark, provides tools for efficiently storing, processing, and analyzing large volumes of structured and unstructured data distributed across clusters of machines. These technologies allow organizations to leverage big data to gain valuable insights by enabling parallel computation of massive datasets.
The document provides an overview of Hadoop and its core components. It discusses:
- Hadoop is an open-source framework for distributed storage and processing of large datasets across clusters of computers.
- The two core components of Hadoop are HDFS for distributed storage, and MapReduce for distributed processing. HDFS stores data reliably across machines, while MapReduce processes large amounts of data in parallel.
- Hadoop can operate in three modes - standalone, pseudo-distributed and fully distributed. The document focuses on setting up Hadoop in standalone mode for development and testing purposes on a single machine.
A Review Paper on Big Data and Hadoop for Data Scienceijtsrd
Big data is a collection of large datasets that cannot be processed using traditional computing techniques. It is not a single technique or a tool, rather it has become a complete subject, which involves various tools, technqiues and frameworks. Hadoop is an open source framework that allows to store and process big data in a distributed environment across clusters of computers using simple programming models. It is designed to scale up from single servers to thousands of machines, each offering local computation and storage. Mr. Ketan Bagade | Mrs. Anjali Gharat | Mrs. Helina Tandel "A Review Paper on Big Data and Hadoop for Data Science" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29816.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/data-miining/29816/a-review-paper-on-big-data-and-hadoop-for-data-science/mr-ketan-bagade
Privacy Preserving Data Analytics using Cryptographic Technique for Large Dat...IRJET Journal
This document discusses security issues with storing large amounts of data in Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) and proposes using encryption techniques to address them. Specifically:
- HDFS is widely used to store big data but was not designed with security in mind, leaving sensitive data at risk of being accessed or stolen.
- The proposed approach uses encryption algorithms like RC6 to encrypt data before it is stored in HDFS. This protects the confidentiality of data while in storage.
- An experiment was conducted encrypting files of different sizes using RC6 with various buffer sizes. Encryption speeds were measured in megabytes per second. Faster speeds were achieved with larger buffer sizes.
- In conclusion, encrypt
Hadoop is an open-source framework for distributed storage and processing of large datasets across clusters of computers. It allows for the reliable, scalable and distributed processing of large datasets. Hadoop consists of Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) for storage and Hadoop MapReduce for processing vast amounts of data in parallel on large clusters of commodity hardware in a reliable, fault-tolerant manner. HDFS stores data reliably across machines in a Hadoop cluster and MapReduce processes data in parallel by breaking the job into smaller fragments of work executed across cluster nodes.
this presentation describes the company from where I did my summer training and what is bigdata why we use big data, big data challenges, the issue in big data, the solution of big data issues, hadoop, docker , Ansible etc.
DOCUMENT SELECTION USING MAPREDUCE Yenumula B Reddy and Desmond HillClaraZara1
Big data is used for structured, unstructured and semi-structured large volume of data which is difficult to manage and costly to store. Using explanatory analysis techniques to understand such raw data, carefully balance the benefits in terms of storage and retrieval techniques is an essential part of the Big Data. The research discusses the MapReduce issues, framework for MapReduce programming model and implementation. The paper includes the analysis of Big Data using MapReduce techniques and identifying a required document from a stream of documents. Identifying a required document is part of the security in a stream of documents in the cyber world. The document may be significant in business, medical, social, or terrorism.
Big data is used for structured, unstructured and semi-structured large volume of data which is difficult to
manage and costly to store. Using explanatory analysis techniques to understand such raw data, carefully
balance the benefits in terms of storage and retrieval techniques is an essential part of the Big Data. The
research discusses the Map Reduce issues, framework for Map Reduce programming model and
implementation. The paper includes the analysis of Big Data using Map Reduce techniques and identifying
a required document from a stream of documents. Identifying a required document is part of the security in
a stream of documents in the cyber world. The document may be significant in business, medical, social, or
terrorism.
This document discusses security issues with Hadoop and available solutions. It identifies vulnerabilities in Hadoop including lack of authentication, unsecured data in transit, and unencrypted data at rest. It describes current solutions like Kerberos for authentication, SASL for encrypting data in motion, and encryption zones for encrypting data at rest. However, it notes limitations of encryption zones for processing encrypted data efficiently with MapReduce. It proposes a novel method for large scale encryption that can securely process encrypted data in Hadoop.
The document provides an introduction to big data, including definitions and characteristics. It discusses how big data can be described by its volume, variety, and velocity. It notes that big data is large and complex data that is difficult to process using traditional data management tools. Common sources of big data include social media, sensors, and scientific instruments. Challenges in big data include capturing, storing, analyzing, and visualizing large and diverse datasets that are generated quickly. Distributed file systems and technologies like Hadoop are well-suited for processing big data.
This document discusses security challenges for big data platforms and provides recommendations. It notes that as big data technologies become more mainstream, security is increasingly important. However, big data platforms are less mature than traditional databases and can combine different types of organizational data. The document outlines considerations for designing secure big data environments, including performance, compliance, security, and access. It recommends best practices like sending security context with data, managing identities centrally, and tracking implications of combining data sets.
This document discusses security challenges in big data and cloud computing environments. It notes that HDFS and MapReduce do not provide adequate security for sensitive data. It proposes several techniques to improve security, such as encrypting data, using honeypot detection, logging all MapReduce jobs and user information, and having honeypot nodes to trap hackers. Encrypting network communication and data is also recommended to prevent hackers from extracting meaningful information even if they are able to access data or network packets.
This document discusses the evolution from traditional RDBMS to big data analytics. As data volumes grow rapidly, traditional RDBMS struggle to store and process large amounts of data. Hadoop provides a framework to store and process big data across commodity hardware. Key components of Hadoop include HDFS for distributed storage, MapReduce for distributed processing, Hive for SQL-like queries, and Sqoop for transferring data between Hadoop and relational databases. The document also outlines some applications and limitations of Hadoop.
Similar to REAL-TIME INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEM FOR BIG DATA (20)
3rd International Conference on Software Engineering Advances and Formal Me...ijp2p
3rd International Conference on Software Engineering Advances and Formal
Methods (SOFTFM 2024)
August 17 ~ 18, 2024, Chennai, India
https://comit2024.org/softfm/index
Scope 3rd International Conference on Software Engineering Advances and Formal Methods (SOFTFM 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of advances in Software Engineering and formal Methods. The goal of this conference is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on understanding Modern software engineering concepts and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
Authors are solicited to contribute to the conference by submitting articles the illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences the describe significant advances in the following areas, but are not limited to.
Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following Agile and Lean software development
AI for supporting software and systems processes
Artifacts, software validation and diagnosis
Automata Theory
CI/CD, Agile and Devops
Develops in health care, education & business
Devops Models, Practices, Challenges
Empirical Study
Formal Languages
Hybrid processes for software and systems
Intelligent software systems IoT software engineering
Lean & Agile software Development & practices
Legacy systems
Open source software
Open Source Software development
Performance Evaluation, Application & Tools
Program Semantics
Scaled Agile Framework (SAFe) in the real World
Service-oriented Software Engineering (SOSE)
Software as a Service ( Saas)
Software Automation
Software Engineering challenges
Software Engineering for Big Data
Software Engineering for Machine Learning
Software performance
Software reliability and large-scale distribution
Software Security
Paper Submission
Authors are invited to submit papers through the conference Submission System by July 06, 2024. Submissions must be original and should not have been published previously or be under consideration for publication while being evaluated for this conference. The proceedings of the conference will be published by Computer Science Conference Proceedings in Computer Science & Information Technology (CS & IT)series (Confirmed).
Selected papers from SOFTFM 2024, after further revisions, will be published in the special issue of the following journal.
International Journal of Software Engineering & Applications (IJSEA) - ERA, Indexed
International Journal in Foundations of Computer Science & Technology (IJFCST) International Journal on Information Theory (IJIT) International Journal of Data Mining & Knowledge Management Process (IJDKP) - WJCI Indexed International Journal of Ambient Systems and Applications (IJASA) International Journal of Programming Languages and Applications (IJPLA)
Advanced
10th International Conference on Networks, Mobile Communications and Telema...ijp2p
10th International Conference on Networks, Mobile Communications and
Telematics (NMOCT 2024)
Scope
10th International Conference on Networks, Mobile Communications and Telematics (NMOCT 2024) is a forum for presenting new advances and research results in the fields of Network, Mobile communications, and Telematics. The aim of the conference is to provide a platform to the researchers and practitioners from both academia as well as industry to meet and share cutting-edge development in the field.
Authors are solicited to contribute to the conference by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works, and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in the following areas but are not limited to.
Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following:
Mobile Communications and Telematics Mobile Network Management and Service Infrastructure Mobile Computing Integrated Mobile Marketing Communications Efficacy of Mobile Communications Mobile Communication Applications Critical Success Factors for Mobile Communication Diffusion Metric Mobile Business Enterprise Mobile Communication Security Issues and Requirements Mobile and Handheld Devices in the Education Telematics Tele-Learning Privacy and Security in Mobile Computing and Wireless Systems Cross-Cultural Mobile Communication Issues Integration and Interworking of Wired and Wireless Networks Location Management for Mobile Communications Distributed Systems Aspects of Mobile Computing Next Generation Internet Next Generation Web Architectures Network Operations and Management Adhoc and Sensor Networks Internet and Web Applications Ubiquitous Networks Wireless Multimedia Systems Wireless Communications
Heterogeneous Wireless Networks Operating System and Middleware Support for Mobile Computing Interaction and Integration in Mobile Communications Business Models for Mobile Communications E-Commerce & E-Governance
Nomadic and Portable Communication Wireless Information Assurance Mobile Multimedia Architecture and Network Management Mobile Multimedia Network Traffic Engineering & Optimization Mobile Multimedia Infrastructure Developments Mobile Multimedia Markets & Business Models Personalization, Privacy and Security in Mobile Multimedia Mobile Computing Software Architectures Network & Communications Network Protocols & Wireless Networks Network Architectures High Speed Networks Routing, Switching and Addressing Techniques Measurement and Performance Analysis Peer To Peer and Overlay Networks QOS and Resource Management Network-Based Applications Network Security Self-organizing networks and Networked Systems Mobile & Broadband Wireless Internet Recent Trends & Developments in Computer Networks
Paper Submission
Authors are invited to submit papers through the conference Submission System by July 06, 2024. Submissions must be original and
International Journal of Peer to Peer Networks(IJp2p )ijp2p
International Journal of Peer to Peer Networks(IJp2p )
ISSN :2229 -3930(Online) ISSN : 2229 -5240
Scope and Topics:
The International Journal of peer-to-peer networking is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles that contribute new results in all areas of P2P Networks. The journal provides a platform to disseminate new ideas and new research, advance theories, and propagate best practices in the area of P2P networking. This will include works that relate to peer-to-peer systems, peer-to-peer applications, grid systems, large-scale distributed systems, and overlay networks. The journal offers a forum in which academics, consultants, and practitioners in a variety of fields can exchange ideas to further research and improve practices in all areas of P2P.
Authors are solicited to contribute to the journal by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in the areas of P2P networks.
Topics Of Interest, But are Not Limited to ,The following:
• Advances in Theoretical Foundations of P2P
• Commercial Applications
• Cooperation and Collaboration in P2P Systems
• Delay-tolerant P2P systems
• Higher-level Query Support in P2P Systems
• Mobile P2P
• Overlay Architectures and Topologies
• Overlay Monitoring and Management
• P2P and Wireless Convergence
• P2P Applications and Services
• P2P Economics
• P2P Grids
• P2P Information Retrieval
• P2P overlay Interaction with Underlying Infrastructure
• P2P Systems Over Mobile Networks
• P2P Technology and Sensors
• P2P Workload Characterization and Simulation
• Performance and Robustness of P2P systems
• Protocols and Algorithms for Mobile and Wireless Peer-to-peer Networks
• Security in P2P systems
• Self-Organization in P2P Systems
• Semantic Overlay Networks and Semantic Query Routing in P2P Systems
• Social Networks
• Trust, Reputation and Fairness in P2P Systems
• Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks
Paper Submission:
Authors are invited to submit papers for this journal through E-mail ijp2p@aircconline.com or Submission System. Submissions must be original and should not have been published previously or be under consideration for publication while being evaluated for this Journal. For paper format download the template in this page.
Important Dates:
• Submission Deadline : July 06, 2024
• Notification : August 06, 2024
• Final Manuscript Due : August 13, 2024
• Publication Date : Determined by the Editor-in-Chief
Contact Us:
Here's where you can reach us : ijp2p@yahoo.com or ijp2p@aircconline.com
16th International Conference on Wireless & Mobile Networks (WiMoNe 2024)ijp2p
16th International Conference on Wireless & Mobile Networks (WiMoNe 2024)
July 27 ~ 28, 2024, London, United Kingdom
https://cseit2024.org/wimone/index
Scope
16th International Conference on Wireless & Mobile Networks (WiMoNe 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of Wireless & Mobile computing Environment. Current information age is witnessing a dramatic use of digital and electronic devices in the workplace and beyond. Wireless, Mobile Networks & its applications had received a significant and sustained research interest in terms of designing and deploying large scale and high performance computational applications in real life. The aim of the conference is to provide a platform to the researchers and practitioners from both academia as well as industry to meet and share cutting-edge development in the field.
Authors are solicited to contribute to the conference by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in the following areas, but are not limited to.
Topics of Interest Include, But Are Not Limited To, The Following
Algorithms and Modeling for Tracking and Locating Mobile Users Architectures, Protocols, and Algorithms to Cope with Mobile & Wireless Networks Broadband Access Networks Complexity Analysis of Algorithms for Mobile Environments Cryptography, Security and Privacy of Mobile & Wireless Networks Data Management on Mobile and Wireless Computing Distributed Algorithms of Mobile Computing Energy Saving Protocols for Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks Information Access in Wireless Networks Integration of Wired and Wireless Networks Mobile Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks Mobile Applications, Location-Dependent and Sensitive Applications Nomadic Computing, Applications and Services Supporting the Mobile User OS and Middleware Support for Mobile Computing and Networking Performance of Mobile and Wireless Networks and Systems Recent Trends in Mobile and Wireless Applications Resource Management in Mobile, Wireless and Ad-Hoc Networks Routing, and Communication Primitives in Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks Satellite Communications Service Creation and Management Environments for Mobile/Wireless Systems Synchronization and Scheduling Issues in Mobile and Ad Hoc Networks Ubiquitous Computing
Wireless & Mobile Issues Related to OS Wireless Multimedia Systems Wireless, Mobile Networks & Applications
Paper Submission
Authors are invited to submit papers through the conference Submission System by June 29, 2024. Submissions must be original and should not have been published previously or be under consideration for publication while being evaluated for this conference. The proceedings of the conference will be published by Computer Science Conference Proceedings in Computer Science & Information Technol
5th International Conference on Natural Language Computing Advances (NLCA 2024)ijp2p
5th International Conference on Natural Language Computing Advances (NLCA 2024)
September 28 ~ 29, 2024, Toronto, Canada
https://itcse2024.org/nlca/index
Scope &Topics
5th International Conference on Natural Language Computing Advances (NLCA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology, and applications of Natural Language Computing and its advances.
Authors are solicited to contribute to the conference by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works, and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in NLP.
Topics of interest include but are not limited to, the following
Chunking/Shallow Parsing Dialog Systems Discourse Information Extraction Information Retrieval Lexical Semantics Linguistic Resources Machine Translation Ontology Paraphrasing/Entailment/Generation Parsing/Grammatical Formalisms Phonology, Morphology POS Tagging Question Answering Semantic Processing Speech Recognition and Synthesis Spoken Language Processing Statistical and Knowledge-based Methods Text Mining NLP and Machine Learning NLP and Computational Linguistics NLP and Information Retrieval NLP and AI
Paper Submission Authors are invited to submit papers through the conference Submission System by June 22, 2024. Submissions must be original and should not have been published previously or be under consideration for publication while being evaluated for this conference. The proceedings of the conference will be published by Computer Science Conference Proceedings in Computer Science & Information Technology (CS & IT) series (Confirmed).
Important Dates:
Submission Deadline: June 22, 2024 Authors Notification: August 03, 2024 Registration & Camera-Ready Paper Due: August 10, 2024
Contact Us:
Here's where you can reach us: nlca@itcse2024.org or nlcaconference@yahoo.com
Submission Link: https://itcse2024.org/submission/index.php
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CAN, PASTRY, KADEMLIA AND CHORD DHTSijp2p
Peer-to-Peer (P2P) systems allow decentralization, sharing of all the resources of a network with direct
communication and collaboration between nodes. There are three main families of P2P networks: the
centralized architecture, the decentralized architecture that can be structured or unstructured and the
hybrid architecture. Today, there are several implementations for structured decentralized architectures.
This implies that the insertion and search algorithms are different. Among them we have; Chord, Pastry,
Kademlia, CAN(Content Addressable Network) . The choice of these DHTs (Distributed Hash Table) for an
application is made on the basis of their performances. Studies of each of these DHTs mentioned have been
done, proving their performance. But a comparative study of the four DHTs Chord, Pastry, CAN, Kademlia
has not been clearly addressed by previous works. In this paper, we have conducted a comparative
theoretical study of the DHTs Chord, Pastry, CAN, Kademlia. Then, by simulation, we have evaluated the
performances in terms of latency, number of hops and number of transmitted messages. Our study clearly
shows the differences between mathematically established performance and actual performance in an
environment with less restriction. This analysis was made from the data obtained by using the simple
network layer of the PeerfactSim simulator. This simulator abstracts the different network layers, which
gives the advantage of testing the performances with reasonable accuracy. The use of the single network
layer can be considered an ideal case because the node searches are done locally.
International Journal of Peer to Peer Networks .docxijp2p
The International Journal of peer-to-peer networking is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles that contribute new results in all areas of P2P Networks. The journal provides a platform to disseminate new ideas and new research, advance theories, and propagate best practices in the area of P2P networking. This will include works that relate to peer-to-peer systems, peer-to-peer applications, grid systems, large-scale distributed systems, and overlay networks. The journal offers a forum in which academics, consultants, and practitioners in a variety of fields can exchange ideas to further research and improve practices in all areas of P2P.
Authors are solicited to contribute to the journal by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in the areas of P2P networks.
International Journal of peer-to-peer networks (IJP2P)ijp2p
The International Journal of peer-to-peer networking is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles that contribute new results in all areas of P2P Networks. The journal provides a platform to disseminate new ideas and new research, advance theories, and propagate best practices in the area of P2P networking.
International Journal of peer-to-peer networks (IJP2P)ijp2p
The International Journal of peer-to-peer networking is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles that contribute new results
in all areas of P2P Networks. The journal provides a platform to disseminate new ideas and new research, advance theories, and propagate best
practices in the area of P2P networking. This will include works that relate to peer-to-peer systems, peer-to-peer applications, grid systems,
large-scale distributed systems, and overlay networks. The journal offers a forum in which academics, consultants, and practitioners in a variety
of fields can exchange ideas to further research and improve practices in all areas of P2P.
2nd International Conference on Big Data, IoT and Machine Learning (BIOM 2022)ijp2p
2nd International Conference on Big Data, IoT and Machine Learning (BIOM 2022) will act as a major forum for the presentation of innovative ideas, approaches, developments, and research projects in the areas of Big Data, Internet of Things (IoT) and Machine Learning. It will also serve to facilitate the exchange of information between researchers and industry professionals to discuss the latest issues and advancement in the area of Big Data, IoT and Machine Learning.
7th International Conference on Networks, Communications, Wireless and Mobile...ijp2p
7th International Conference on Networks, Communications, Wireless and Mobile Computing (NCWMC 2022) looks for significant contributions to the Computer Networks, Communications, wireless and mobile computing for wired and wireless networks in theoretical and practical aspects. Original papers are invited on computer Networks, network protocols and wireless networks, Data communication Technologies, network security and mobile computing. The goal of this Conference is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on advanced networking concepts and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
4th International Conference on Internet of Things (CIoT 2022)ijp2p
4th International Conference on Internet of Things (CIoT 2022) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of IoT.
11th International conference on Parallel, Distributed Computing and Applicat...ijp2p
11th International conference on Parallel, Distributed Computing and Applications (IPDCA 2022) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of Parallel, Distributed Computing. Original papers are invited on Algorithms and Applications, computer Networks, Cyber trust and security, Wireless networks and mobile Computing and Bioinformatics. The aim of the conference is to provide a platform to the researchers and practitioners from both academia as well as industry to meet and share cutting-edge development in the field.
3rd International Conference on Machine learning and Cloud Computing (MLCL 2022)ijp2p
3rd International Conference on Machine learning and Cloud Computing (MLCL 2022) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Cloud computing. The aim of the conference is to provide a platform to the researchers and practitioners from both academia as well as industry to meet and share cutting-edge development in the field.
4th International Conference on Internet of Things (CIoT 2022) ijp2p
4th International Conference on Internet of Things (CIoT 2022) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of IoT.
4th International Conference on Internet of Things (CIoT 2022) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of IoT.
International Journal of peer-to-peer networks (IJP2P)ijp2p
The International Journal of peer-to-peer networking is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles that contribute new results in all areas of P2P Networks. The journal provides a platform to disseminate new ideas and new research, advance theories, and propagate best practices in the area of P2P networking. This will include works that relate to peer-to-peer systems, peer-to-peer applications, grid systems, large-scale distributed systems, and overlay networks. The journal offers a forum in which academics, consultants, and practitioners in a variety of fields can exchange ideas to further research and improve practices in all areas of P2P.
3rd International Conference on Networks, Blockchain and Internet of Things (...ijp2p
3rd International Conference on Networks, Blockchain and Internet of Things (NBIoT 2022) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of Networks, Blockchain and Internet of Things. The Conference looks for significant contributions to all major fields of the Networks, Blockchain and Internet of Things in theoretical and practical aspects.
Authors are solicited to contribute to the conference by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in the following areas but are not limited to:
3rd International Conference on NLP & Information Retrieval (NLPI 2022)ijp2p
3rd International Conference on NLP & Information Retrieval (NLPI 2022) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of Natural Language Computing and Information Retrieval.
Authors are solicited to contribute to the conference by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in the following areas, but are not limited to.
CALL FOR PAPERS - 14th International Conference on Wireless & Mobile Networks...ijp2p
14th International Conference on Wireless & Mobile Networks (WiMoNe 2022) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of Wireless & Mobile computing Environment. Current information age is witnessing a dramatic use of digital and electronic devices in the workplace and beyond. Wireless, Mobile Networks & its applications had received a significant and sustained research interest in terms of designing and deploying large scale and high performance computational applications in real life. The aim of the conference is to provide a platform to the researchers and practitioners from both academia as well as industry to meet and share cutting-edge development in the field.
Coordinate Systems in FME 101 - Webinar SlidesSafe Software
If you’ve ever had to analyze a map or GPS data, chances are you’ve encountered and even worked with coordinate systems. As historical data continually updates through GPS, understanding coordinate systems is increasingly crucial. However, not everyone knows why they exist or how to effectively use them for data-driven insights.
During this webinar, you’ll learn exactly what coordinate systems are and how you can use FME to maintain and transform your data’s coordinate systems in an easy-to-digest way, accurately representing the geographical space that it exists within. During this webinar, you will have the chance to:
- Enhance Your Understanding: Gain a clear overview of what coordinate systems are and their value
- Learn Practical Applications: Why we need datams and projections, plus units between coordinate systems
- Maximize with FME: Understand how FME handles coordinate systems, including a brief summary of the 3 main reprojectors
- Custom Coordinate Systems: Learn how to work with FME and coordinate systems beyond what is natively supported
- Look Ahead: Gain insights into where FME is headed with coordinate systems in the future
Don’t miss the opportunity to improve the value you receive from your coordinate system data, ultimately allowing you to streamline your data analysis and maximize your time. See you there!
Kief Morris rethinks the infrastructure code delivery lifecycle, advocating for a shift towards composable infrastructure systems. We should shift to designing around deployable components rather than code modules, use more useful levels of abstraction, and drive design and deployment from applications rather than bottom-up, monolithic architecture and delivery.
Support en anglais diffusé lors de l'événement 100% IA organisé dans les locaux parisiens d'Iguane Solutions, le mardi 2 juillet 2024 :
- Présentation de notre plateforme IA plug and play : ses fonctionnalités avancées, telles que son interface utilisateur intuitive, son copilot puissant et des outils de monitoring performants.
- REX client : Cyril Janssens, CTO d’ easybourse, partage son expérience d’utilisation de notre plateforme IA plug & play.
BT & Neo4j: Knowledge Graphs for Critical Enterprise Systems.pptx.pdfNeo4j
Presented at Gartner Data & Analytics, London Maty 2024. BT Group has used the Neo4j Graph Database to enable impressive digital transformation programs over the last 6 years. By re-imagining their operational support systems to adopt self-serve and data lead principles they have substantially reduced the number of applications and complexity of their operations. The result has been a substantial reduction in risk and costs while improving time to value, innovation, and process automation. Join this session to hear their story, the lessons they learned along the way and how their future innovation plans include the exploration of uses of EKG + Generative AI.
How Social Media Hackers Help You to See Your Wife's Message.pdfHackersList
In the modern digital era, social media platforms have become integral to our daily lives. These platforms, including Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp, and Snapchat, offer countless ways to connect, share, and communicate.
An invited talk given by Mark Billinghurst on Research Directions for Cross Reality Interfaces. This was given on July 2nd 2024 as part of the 2024 Summer School on Cross Reality in Hagenberg, Austria (July 1st - 7th)
Quality Patents: Patents That Stand the Test of TimeAurora Consulting
Is your patent a vanity piece of paper for your office wall? Or is it a reliable, defendable, assertable, property right? The difference is often quality.
Is your patent simply a transactional cost and a large pile of legal bills for your startup? Or is it a leverageable asset worthy of attracting precious investment dollars, worth its cost in multiples of valuation? The difference is often quality.
Is your patent application only good enough to get through the examination process? Or has it been crafted to stand the tests of time and varied audiences if you later need to assert that document against an infringer, find yourself litigating with it in an Article 3 Court at the hands of a judge and jury, God forbid, end up having to defend its validity at the PTAB, or even needing to use it to block pirated imports at the International Trade Commission? The difference is often quality.
Quality will be our focus for a good chunk of the remainder of this season. What goes into a quality patent, and where possible, how do you get it without breaking the bank?
** Episode Overview **
In this first episode of our quality series, Kristen Hansen and the panel discuss:
⦿ What do we mean when we say patent quality?
⦿ Why is patent quality important?
⦿ How to balance quality and budget
⦿ The importance of searching, continuations, and draftsperson domain expertise
⦿ Very practical tips, tricks, examples, and Kristen’s Musts for drafting quality applications
https://www.aurorapatents.com/patently-strategic-podcast.html
Blockchain technology is transforming industries and reshaping the way we conduct business, manage data, and secure transactions. Whether you're new to blockchain or looking to deepen your knowledge, our guidebook, "Blockchain for Dummies", is your ultimate resource.
Advanced Techniques for Cyber Security Analysis and Anomaly DetectionBert Blevins
Cybersecurity is a major concern in today's connected digital world. Threats to organizations are constantly evolving and have the potential to compromise sensitive information, disrupt operations, and lead to significant financial losses. Traditional cybersecurity techniques often fall short against modern attackers. Therefore, advanced techniques for cyber security analysis and anomaly detection are essential for protecting digital assets. This blog explores these cutting-edge methods, providing a comprehensive overview of their application and importance.
The Rise of Supernetwork Data Intensive ComputingLarry Smarr
Invited Remote Lecture to SC21
The International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage, and Analysis
St. Louis, Missouri
November 18, 2021
Mitigating the Impact of State Management in Cloud Stream Processing SystemsScyllaDB
Stream processing is a crucial component of modern data infrastructure, but constructing an efficient and scalable stream processing system can be challenging. Decoupling compute and storage architecture has emerged as an effective solution to these challenges, but it can introduce high latency issues, especially when dealing with complex continuous queries that necessitate managing extra-large internal states.
In this talk, we focus on addressing the high latency issues associated with S3 storage in stream processing systems that employ a decoupled compute and storage architecture. We delve into the root causes of latency in this context and explore various techniques to minimize the impact of S3 latency on stream processing performance. Our proposed approach is to implement a tiered storage mechanism that leverages a blend of high-performance and low-cost storage tiers to reduce data movement between the compute and storage layers while maintaining efficient processing.
Throughout the talk, we will present experimental results that demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in mitigating the impact of S3 latency on stream processing. By the end of the talk, attendees will have gained insights into how to optimize their stream processing systems for reduced latency and improved cost-efficiency.
Best Programming Language for Civil EngineersAwais Yaseen
The integration of programming into civil engineering is transforming the industry. We can design complex infrastructure projects and analyse large datasets. Imagine revolutionizing the way we build our cities and infrastructure, all by the power of coding. Programming skills are no longer just a bonus—they’re a game changer in this era.
Technology is revolutionizing civil engineering by integrating advanced tools and techniques. Programming allows for the automation of repetitive tasks, enhancing the accuracy of designs, simulations, and analyses. With the advent of artificial intelligence and machine learning, engineers can now predict structural behaviors under various conditions, optimize material usage, and improve project planning.
Comparison Table of DiskWarrior Alternatives.pdfAndrey Yasko
To help you choose the best DiskWarrior alternative, we've compiled a comparison table summarizing the features, pros, cons, and pricing of six alternatives.
Transcript: Details of description part II: Describing images in practice - T...BookNet Canada
This presentation explores the practical application of image description techniques. Familiar guidelines will be demonstrated in practice, and descriptions will be developed “live”! If you have learned a lot about the theory of image description techniques but want to feel more confident putting them into practice, this is the presentation for you. There will be useful, actionable information for everyone, whether you are working with authors, colleagues, alone, or leveraging AI as a collaborator.
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Presented by BookNet Canada on June 25, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Transcript: Details of description part II: Describing images in practice - T...
REAL-TIME INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEM FOR BIG DATA
1. International Journal of Peer to Peer Networks (IJP2P) Vol.8, No.1, February 2017
DOI : 10.5121/ijp2p.2017.8101 1
REAL-TIME INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEM FOR
BIG DATA
Reghunath K
PG & Research Department of Computer Science, SSM Arts & Science, Periyar
University, Komarapalayam, Tamilnadu, India
ABSTRACT
The objective of the proposed system is to integrate the high volume of data along with the important
considerations like monitoring a wide array of heterogeneous security. When a real time cyber attack
occurred, the Intrusion Detection System automatically store the log in distributed environment and
monitor the log with existing intrusion dictionary. At the same time the system will check and categorize the
severity of the log to high, medium, and low respectively. After the categorization, the system will
automatically take necessary action against the user-unit with respect to the severity of the log. The
advantage of the system is that it utilize anomaly detection, evaluates data and issue alert message or
reports based on abnormal behaviour.
KEYWORDS
Big data, Real time Intrusion System, Lambda Architecture, k-means algorithm, Data Security
1. INTRODUCTION
Big data is one of the most talked topic in IT industry. The term Big Data refers to a massive
amount of digital information. Due to the heavy usage of internet, smartphones and the social
networks, the data volume in the world is dramatically increased in a way that the traditional
systems cannot hold these data in terms of storage and processing. Big data analytics provide new
ways for businesses and government to analyze structured, semi-structured and unstructured data.
It is not a single technique or a tool, rather it involves many areas of business and technology.
In recent, the cyber attacks in big data are increasing because of the existing security[4]
technologies are not capable of detecting it. Many intrusion detection systems are available for
various types of network attacks. Most of them are unable to detect recent unknown attacks,
whereas the others do not provide a real-time solution to overcome the challenges. To detect an
intrusion in such ultra-high-speed environment in real time is a challenging task.
1.1 BIG DATA
Big Data[1] is a large collection of structured, semi-structured and unstructured datasets that
cannot be stored and processed using traditional computing techniques[2]. In most enterprise
scenarios the volume of data is too big or it moves too fast or it exceeds current processing
capacity.
1.2 3VS OF BIG DATA
The Big data can be easily defined by using its 3V [5]characteristics like Volume, Velocity and
Variety.
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Figure 1. 3V Property of Big Data
1.2.1 VOLUME
We currently see the exponential growth in the data storage as the data is now more than text
data. We can find data in the format of videos, music and large images on our social media
channels. It is very common to have Terabytes and Petabytes of the storage system for
enterprises. The big volume indeed represents Big Data.
1.2.2 VELOCITY
The data growth and social media explosion have changed how we look at the data. There was a
time when we used to believe that data of yesterday is recent. The matter of the fact newspapers is
still following that logic. However, news channels and radios have changed how fast we receive
the news. Today, people refer social media for recent updates. The data movement is now almost
real time. This high velocity data represent Big Data.
1.2.3 VARIETY
Data can be stored in different formats like database, excel, csv, video, SMS, pdf or something we
might have not thought about it and that is the challenge we need to overcome with the Big Data.
This variety of the data represents Big Data.
1.3 DISTRIBUTED ENVIRONMENT AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING
Nowadays all type data are increasing vastly in terms of their Volume, Velocity and Variety.
These kinds of data can’t be stored and processed on a single server machine. For making any
type of decisions on a large amount of data, the comparison of data values should be gone
through the whole datasets and the result preparation will be a time taking process, it will never
reduce in future. The distributed environment will store the data in a large number of commodity
servers and is capable of processing these data in a distributed fashion. In such situation the data
processing task will be spread into the commodity servers and the final output will be aggregate
by using programming paradigms like MapReduce [6].
1.3.1 DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING ENVIRONMENT (DCE)
This is an industry-standard software technology for setting up and managing computing and data
exchange in a system of distributed computers. DCE[7] is typically used in a larger network of
computing systems that include different size servers scattered geographically. DCE uses the
client/server model. Using DCE, application users can use applications and data at remote
3. International Journal of Peer to Peer Networks (IJP2P) Vol.8, No.1, February 2017
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servers. Application programmers need not be aware of where their programs will run or where
the data will be located. Much of DCE setup requires the preparation of distributed directories so
that DCE applications and related data can be located when they are being used. DCE includes
security support and some implementations provide support for access to popular databases. DCE
was developed by the Open Software Foundation (OSF) using software technologies contributed
by some of its member companies.
Many problems arise in distributed application engineering and systems. Some of these include
communication, authentication, authorization, data integrity, data privacy, sharing of information,
heterogeneous environments, distributed management, consistency of time, reliability,
availability, parallel execution, and graceful degradation.
1.3.2 DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING
Distributed processing[7] is a phrase used to refer to a variety of computer systems that use more
than one computer or processor to run an application. This includes parallel processing in which a
single computer uses more than one CPU to execute programs.
The distributed processing refers to local-area networks designed so that a single program can run
simultaneously at various sites. Most distributed processing systems contain sophisticated
software that detects idle CPUs on the network and parcels out programs to utilize them. Another
form of distributed processing involves distributed databases. This is databases in which the data
is stored across two or more computer systems. The database system keeps track of where the
data is so that the distributed nature of the database is not apparent to users.
1.4 HADOOP, MAPREDUCE, AND HDFS
Apache Hadoop is a Java-based programming framework supports the processing of large sets of
data in a distributed computing environment. Hadoop cluster uses a Master/Slave structure. Using
Hadoop, large data sets can be processed across a cluster of servers and applications can be run
on systems with thousands of nodes. Distributed file system in Hadoop helps in rapid data
transfer rates and allows the system to continue its normal operation even in the case of some
node failures. This approach lowers the risk of an entire system failure, even in the case of a
significant number of node failures. Hadoop enables a computing solution that is scalable, cost
effective, flexible and fault tolerant. Hadoop Framework is used by popular companies like
Yahoo, Amazon and IBM etc., to support their applications involving huge amounts of data.
Hadoop[15] has two main sub projects – Mapreduce and Hadoop Distributed File System
(HDFS).
Hadoop Mapreduce[8] is a framework used to write applications that process large amounts of
data in parallel on clusters of commodity hardware resources in a reliable, fault-tolerant manner.
A MapReduce job first divides the data into individual chunks which are processed by Map jobs
in parallel. The outputs of the maps sorted by the framework are then input to the reduce tasks.
Generally the input and the output of the job are both stored in a file-system. Scheduling,
Monitoring and re-executing failed tasks are taken care by the framework.
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Figure 2. Map Reduce word count process
Hadoop Distributed File System is a file system that spans all the nodes in a Hadoop cluster for
data storage. It links together file systems on local nodes to make it into one large file system.
HDFS improves reliability by replicating data across multiple sources to overcome node failures.
1.5 ADVANTAGES OF BIG DATA
In Big data, the software packages provide a rich set of tools and options where an individual
could map the entire data landscape across the company, thus allowing the individual to analyze
the threats faces internally. This is considered as one of the main advantages as big data keeps the
data safe. With this an individual can be able to detect the potentially sensitive information that is
not protected in an appropriate manner and makes sure it is stored according to the regulatory
requirements.
There are some common characteristics of big data are Addresses, speed and scalability, mobility
and security, flexibility and stability.
In big data the realization time to information is critical to extract value from various data
sources, including mobile devices, radio frequency identification, the web and a growing list
of automated sensory technologies.
1.6 BIG DATA CHALLENGES
Sophisticated hacking[3] attacks[9] are continuously increasing in the cyber space. Hacking in the
past, leaked personal information or were done for just fame, but recent hacking targets
companies, government agencies. This kind of attack is commonly called Advanced Persistent
Threat (APT)[10]. APT targets a specific system and analyses vulnerabilities of the system for a
long time. Therefore it is hard to prevent and detect APT than traditional attacks and could result
massive damage. APT attack is usually done in four steps: intrusion, searching, collection and
attack.
Figure 3. General structure of an intrusion
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In the intrusion step, the hacker searches for information about the target system and prepares the
attack.
In searching step, the hacker analyses system data such as system log for valuable information
and look for security vulnerabilities that can be exploited for further malicious behaviours.
In the collection step, the hacker installs malwares such as Trojan horse, trap doors and backdoors
to collect system data and maintain system access for the future.
In the final step, the hacker leaks data and destroys target system using the gained information.
1.7 RESEARCH MOTIVATION
There are many technologies used to prevent the intrusion [11] in big data. Following are some of
the techniques to maintain cyber security[17].
• Firewall: A firewall is a network security system, either hardware or software based
on a set of rules, acting as a barrier between a trusted / untrusted networks. The
firewall controls access to the resources of a network through a positive control
model.
• Intrusion Detection System: An IDS inspects all inbound and outbound network
activity and identifies suspicious intrusion attempts.
Though they both relate to network security, an IDS differs from a firewall in that a firewall looks
out for intrusions in order to stop them from happening. The firewall limits the access between
networks in order to prevent intrusion and does not signal an attack from inside the network.
In the existing security[12] system, researchers were developed various security technologies to
protect the system from various types of network threats and attacks. Most of them are unable to
detect recent unknown attacks, whereas the others do not provide a real-time solution to
overcome the challenges.
1.8 REPRESENTATION OF PROPOSED
Figure 4. Representation of Real-Time Intrusion Detection System
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2. ARCHITECTURE OF REAL-TIME INTRUSION SYSTEM
2.1 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
The Lambda Architecture[13], introduced by Nathan Marz, aims to satisfy the needs for a robust
system that is fault-tolerant, both against hardware failures and human mistakes, being able to
serve a wide range of workloads and use cases, and in which low-latency reads and updates are
required. The resulting system should be linearly scalable, and it should scale out rather than up.
2.2 OVERVIEW OF LAMBDA ARCHITECTURE
Figure 5. Lambda Architecture
All data entering the system is dispatched to both the batch layer and the speed layer for
processing. The batch layer has two functions: (i) managing the master dataset (an immutable,
append-only set of raw data), and (ii) to pre-compute the batch views. The serving layer
indexes the batch views so that they can be queried in low-latency, ad-hoc way. The speed
layer compensates for the high latency of updates to the serving layer and deals with recent
data only. Any incoming query can be answered by merging results from batch views and real-
time views.
2.3 REAL-TIME INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
Figure 6. Real-Time Intrusion Detection System Architecture
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The real time intrusion system is mainly working and predicting based on the different types logs
available in distributed data processing layer. The intrusion dictionary will be available on an in-
memory database for quick access. Whenever a user interaction happens, the user interaction logs
will be processed and compared with the Intrusion dictionary and the output will be stored in the
Real-time output layer. If the output matches with the Intrusion dictionary entries, then the system
will generate alerts and can take actions such as blocking the user from further interactions,
blacklist the user, blacklist the IP address etc.
2.3.1 REAL-TIME DATA/LOG COLLECTION
Logs have long been a powerful tool for providing a view into how large scale systems and
applications are performing. However, as the scale and complexity of these systems have
increased, it's become a challenge to manage multiple logs that are distributed across a fleet of
infrastructure.
The log collection layer will collect different type of logs like System logs, application logs, error
logs and web logs. These log data will parse and move to the distributed system for storage in a
predefined format. Key challenges in the existing logging and monitoring approaches are,
2.3.1.1 Log Lag
Due to the inability to quickly collect, analyze and act upon this data, there is a significant cost
overhead introduced by adding an additional monitoring layer. At times this monitoring layer is
brittle and needs significant tuning to avoid noise.
2.3.1.2 Development And Operation Gap
Many organizations still have a disconnect between the development team and the operations
team. The Ops team generally is aware of and uses the log system because the general use cases
tends to be trending analysis, system behavior analysis etc. Whereas the developers tend to prefer
going to straight away to the log on the system or application and not to the centralized logging
system because real-time data is generally not captured and due to their knowledge of the
application they know which log to analyze for fault-diagnosis.
2.3.1.3 Data Anarchy
When one starts to look at the entire operations stack which includes application, systems
software, infrastructure, network etc. On top of that you have other logs generated through
vulnerability scans, anti-virus scans etc. Getting a unified event collection and logging system is
impossible. The lack of such a system drives up the maintenance cost.
The Real-time data analytics works well when it is based on predefined algorithms and queries.
Current tools are able to synthesize multiple streams of rapidly flowing data and perform complex
operations on them.
When it comes to leveraging analytics to ensure continuous service delivery and uptime, log-level
data and real-time processing are two requirements for success. At every layer of your system’s
hardware and application stack, real-time analytics enable centralized log collection and
monitoring, easy identification of key events, and instant alerts to the communication tools.
8. International Journal of Peer to Peer Networks (IJP2P) Vol.8, No.1, February 2017
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2.3.2 DISTRIBUTED DATA PROCESSING
The distributed data processing layer will act as a Storage and Data Processing layer where large
amount of data will be processed in a distributed fashion. The process will contain various type of
Statistical algorithms and the final result will be stored in the same layer for future access. The
distributed data processing layer is used for batch processing. The key purpose of the layers.
2.3.2.1 Data Storage
This is the key requirements of big data storage are that it can handle very large amounts of data
and keep scaling to keep up with growth, and that it can provide the input/output operations and
necessary to deliver data to analytics tools.
2.3.2.2 Distributed Processing
This is a phrase used to refer to a variety of computer systems that use more than one computer
(or processor) to run an application. This includes parallel processing in which a single computer
uses more than one CPU to execute programs.
2.3.3 Real-Time Data Processing Layer
The real time data processing involves a continual input and output process of data. Data must be
processed in a small time period. Intrusion detection system gathers and analyzes information
from various areas within a computer or a network to identify possible security breaches, which
scans the attacks from outside.
2.3.4 Batch Output Layer
This layer will contain various end user specific outputs in the form of Periodic and Historical
Reports. Periodic Reports is the summary of events that presents essentially the same type of
information updated at regular intervals.
2.3.5 Real-Time Output Layer
This layer will contain various end user specific outputs in the form of Alerts, Charts, and Real
time actions.
2.4. REAL-TIME INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEM FLOW CHART
Figure 7. Real-Time Intrusion Detection System Flow Chart
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3. REAL-TIME INTRUSION SYSTEM INTERNALS
3.1 USER UNIT
User unit is the combination of values which contains the user identifier, IP address and the
country.
3.2 MACHINE LEARNING ACTIVITIES
The Machine Learning activities are happened on the Machine Learning layer with the help of
Machine Learning algorithms. All the collected logs will passed through this intelligent layer and
it will identify the a particular user-unit’s intrusion behaviour. The algorithms that we used in this
system are Naivebayes and K-means.
3.2.1 MACHINE LEARNING
Machine learning is a type of artificial intelligence (AI) that provides computers with the ability
to learn without being explicitly programmed. Machine learning focuses on the development of
computer programs that can teach themselves to grow and change when exposed to new data.
3.2.2 SUPERVISED LEARNING
Supervised learning is the machine learning task of inferring a function from labeled training
data. The training data consist of a set of training examples. In supervised learning, each example
is a pair consisting of an input object (typically a vector) and a desired output value (also called
the supervisory signal).
3.2.3 UNSUPERVISED LEARNING
Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning algorithm used to draw inferences from
datasets consisting of input data without labeled responses. The most common unsupervised
learning method is cluster analysis, which is used for exploratory data analysis to find hidden
patterns or grouping in data.
3.2.4 CLASSIFICATION
In machine learning and statistics, classification is the problem of identifying to which of a set of
categories (sub-populations) a new observation belongs, on the basis of a training set of data
containing observations (or instances) whose category membership is known.
3.2.5 CLUSTERING
Cluster analysis or clustering is the task of grouping a set of objects in such a way that objects in
the same group (called a cluster) are more similar (in some sense or another) to each other than to
those in other groups (clusters). It is a main task of exploratory data mining, and a common
technique for statistical data analysis, used in many fields, including machine learning,pattern
recognition, image analysis, information retrieval, bioinformatics, data compression, and
computer graphics.
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3.2.6 ANOMALY DETECTION
Anomaly detection (also outlier detection) is the identification of items, events or observations
which do not conform to an expected pattern or other items in a dataset. Typically the anomalous
items will translate to some kind of problem such as bank fraud, a structural defect, medical
problems or errors in a text. Anomalies are also referred to as outliers, novelties, noise, deviations
and exceptions.
3.3 PREPARATION OF INTRUSION DICTIONARY
The Intrusion dictionary preparation will be executed by the Machine Learning Layer with the
help of Naive Bayes classification algorithm. All the user interaction events will marked as the
either Intrusion dependant and Intrusion not dependant with its possible severity scores. These
dictionaries will be available on a Solr index that can easily accessed by the Intrusion system in
real-time. Whenever a new user-unit comes into the system with their user event logs, the Real
Time layer will be quickly compare it will the existing Intrusion dictionary and the user-unit will
be marked as either intrusive or nonintrusive.
Figure 8. Intrusion Dictionary Preparations
3.4 PREDICTION OF INTRUSION POSSIBILITIES
The prediction of the intrusion system is happening on the Batch layer of the system with the help
of K-means clustering algorithms. After preparing the prediction output, the resulted reports will
be available to the system administrator.
3.5 NAÏVE BAYES ALGORITHM
Naive Bayes[6] is a simple technique for constructing classifiers: models that assign class labels
to problem instances, represented as vectors of feature values, where the class labels are drawn
from some finite set. It is not a single algorithm for training such classifiers, but a family of
algorithms based on a common principle: all naive Bayes classifiers assume that the value of a
particular feature is independent of the value of any other feature, given the class variable.
For some types of probability models, naive Bayes classifiers can be trained very efficiently in a
supervised learning setting. In many practical applications, parameter estimation for naive Bayes
models uses the method of maximum likelihood; in other words, one can work with the naive
Bayes model without accepting Bayesian probability or using any Bayesian methods.
Despite their naive design and apparently oversimplified assumptions, naive Bayes classifiers
have worked quite well in many complex real-world situations. In 2004, an analysis of the
Bayesian classification problem showed that there are sound theoretical reasons for the apparently
implausible efficacy of naive Bayes classifiers. Still, a comprehensive comparison with other
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classification algorithms in 2006 showed that Bayes classification is outperformed by other
approaches, such as boosted trees or random forests.
3.5.1 PROBABILISTIC MODEL
The Naive Bayes is a conditional probability model: given a problem instance to be classified,
represented by a vector x = ( x1, …, xn ) representing some n features (independent variables), it
assigns to this instance probabilities
p(Ck | x1, ...., xn)
for each of K possible outcomes or classes CK
The problem with the above formulation is that if the number of features n is large or if a feature
can take on a large number of values, then basing such a model on probability tables is infeasible.
We therefore reformulate the model to make it more tractable. Using Bayes theorem, the
conditional probability can be decomposed as
p(Ck | x = p(Ck) p(x | CK)
-------------------
p(x)
In plain English, using Bayesian probability terminology, the above equation can be written as
posterior = prior X likelihood
-------------------------
Evidence
In practice, there is interest only in the numerator of that fraction, because the denominator does
not depend on C and the values of the features F1 are given, so that the denominator is effectively
constant. The numerator is equivalent to the joint probability model.
p(Ck , x1, ......., xn)
Which can be rewritten as follows, using the chain rule for repeated applications of the definition
of conditional probability:
p(Ck , x1, .….., xn) = p(x1, ......., xn, Ck)
= p(x1 | x2, ..., xn, Ck) p(x2, ......, xn, Ck)
= p(x1 | x2, ..., xn, Ck) p(x2 | x3, ..., xn, Ck) p(x3, ...., xn, Ck)
= ………………………………………………………....
= p(x1 | x2, ...., xn, Ck) p(x2 | x3, ...., xn, Ck)...(xn-1 | xn, Ck) p(xn | Ck) p(Ck)
Now the "naive" conditional independence assumptions come into play: assume that each feature
Fi is conditionally independent of every other feature Fj for j ≠ i , given the category C. This
means that
p(xi | xi+1, ..., xn, Ck) = p(xi | Ck)
Thus the joint model can be expressed as
p(Ck | x1, ..., xn) p(Ck, x1, ...., xn)
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p(Ck) p(x1 | Ck) p(x2 | Ck) p(x3 | Ck).....
p(Ck) p(xi | Ck)
This means that under the above independence assumptions, the conditional distribution over the
class variable C is:
p(Ck | x1,..., xn) =
where the evidence Z = p(x) is a scaling factor dependent only on x1, ..…, xn is a constant if the
values of the feature variables are known.
3.5.2 CONSTRUCTING A CLASSIFIER FROM THE PROBABILITY MODEL
The discussion so far has derived the independent feature model, that is, the naive Bayes
probability model. The naive Bayes classifier combines this model with a decision rule. One
common rule is to pick the hypothesis that is most probable; this is known as the maximum a
posteriori or MAP decision rule. The corresponding classifier, a Bayes classifier, is the function
that assigns a class label, for some k as follows:
3.6 K-MEANS ALGORITHM
The term K-means[16] was first used by James MacQueen in 1967 though the idea goes back to
Hugo Steinhaus in 1957. The standard algorithm was first proposed by Stuart Lloyd in 1957 as a
technique for pulse-code modulation, though it wasn't published outside of Bell Labs until 1982.
In 1965, E. W. Forgy published essentially the same method, which is why it is sometimes
referred to as Lloyd-Forgy. A more efficient version was later proposed and published in fortran
by Hartigan and Wong.
k-means clustering is a method of vector quantization, originally from signal processing, that is
popular for cluster analysis in data mining. k-means clustering aims to partition n observations
into k clusters in which each observation belongs to the cluster with the nearest mean, serving as
a prototype of the cluster. This results in a partitioning of the data space into Voronoi cells.
The algorithm has a loose relationship to the k-nearest neighbour classifier, a popular machine
learning technique for classification that is often confused with k-means because of the k in the
name. One can apply the 1-nearest neighbour classifier on the cluster centres obtained by k-means
to classify new data into the existing clusters. This is known as nearest centroid classifier or
Rocchio algorithm.
Given an initial set of k means m1,…,mk the algorithm proceeds by alternating between two
steps:
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Assignment Step: Assign each observation to the cluster whose mean yields the least within-
cluster sum of squares (WCSS). Since the sum of squares is the squared Euclidean distance, this
is intuitively the "nearest" mean (Mathematically, this means partitioning the observations
according to the Voronoi diagram generated by the means).
Si(t) = {xp : || xp - mi(t) ||2 < = || xp - mj(t) ||2 ∀j, i < = j < = k}
where each xp is assigned to exactly one S(t), even if it could be assigned to two or more of them.
Update Step: Calculate the new means to be the centroids of the observations in the new clusters.
mi(t+1) = 1
----- ∑ xj
|Si(t)| xj∊si(t)
Since the arithmetic mean is a least-squares estimator, this also minimizes the within-cluster sum
of squares (WCSS) objective.
The algorithm has converged when the assignments no longer change. Since both steps optimize
the WCSS objective, and there only exists a finite number of such partitionings, the algorithm
must converge to a (local) optimum. There is no guarantee that the global optimum is found using
this algorithm.
The algorithm is often presented as assigning objects to the nearest cluster by distance. The
standard algorithm aims at minimizing the WCSS objective, and thus assigns by "least sum of
squares", which is exactly equivalent to assigning by the smallest Euclidean distance. Using a
different distance function other than (squared) Euclidean distance may stop the algorithm from
converging. Various modifications of k-means such as spherical k-means and k-medoids have
been proposed to allow using other distance measures.
3.6.1 INITIALIZATION METHODS
Commonly used initialization methods are Forgy and Random Partition. The Forgy method
randomly chooses k observations from the data set and uses these as the initial means. The
Random Partition method first randomly assigns a cluster to each observation and then proceeds
to the update step, thus computing the initial mean to be the centroid of the cluster's randomly
assigned points. The Forgy method tends to spread the initial means out, while Random Partition
places all of them close to the center of the data set. According to Hamerly et al, the Random
Partition method is generally preferable for algorithms such as the k-harmonic means and fuzzy
k-means. For expectation maximization and standard k-means algorithms, the Forgy method of
initialization is preferable.
3.6.2 DEMONSTRATION OF THE STANDARD ALGORITHM
Step1: In this case k=3, k - initial means are randomly generated within the data domain (shown
in color).
Figure 9. Standard Algorithm - 1
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Step2: K - clusters are created by associating every observation with the nearest mean. The
partitions here represent the Voronoi diagram generated by the means.
Figure 10. Standard Algorithm – 2
Step3: The Centroid of each of the k clusters becomes the new mean.
Figure 11. Standard Algorithm – 3
Step4: Step2 and step3 are repeated until convergence has been reached.
Figure 12. Standard Algorithm – 4
As it is a heuristic algorithm, there is no guarantee that it will converge to the global optimum,
and the result may depend on the initial clusters. As the algorithm is usually very fast, it is
common to run it multiple times with different starting conditions. However, in the worst case,
k-means can be very slow to converge: in particular it has been shown that there exist certain
point sets, even in 2 dimensions, on which k-means takes exponential time, that is 2Ω(n), to
converge. These point sets do not seem to arise in practice: this is corroborated by the fact that
the smoothed running time of k-means is polynomial. The assignment step is also referred to
as expectation step, the update step as maximization step, making this algorithm a variant of
the generalized expectation-maximization algorithm.
4. REAL-TIME INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEM ACTIONS
4.1 INTRUSION SEVERITY CLASSES
The Intrusion system has 3 types of severities with corresponding automated decision process on
a particular user-unit as follows:
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4.2 HIGH
Whenever the High severity intrusions are discovered the system will automate an action to block
that user-unit permanently.
4.3 MEDIUM
Whenever the Medium severity intrusions are discovered the system will automate an action to
add the user-unit to a watch list for further action monitoring and based on the repeated intrusion
events, the system will move the user-unit to High severity classification and block that user-unit
permanently.
4.3.1 LOW
Whenever the Low severity intrusions are discovered the system will automate an action to add
this user & IP address into a lazy analysis list and the system will predict the upcoming severity
of this user-unit by comparing the event pattern of the current user-unit and the historical user-
unit patterns available in the distributed system. Based on the severity predicted the user-unit may
move to any other Intrusion severity classes.
4.4 SEVERITY CLASSIFICATION FLOW CHART
Figure 13. Overview of the Severity Classification Flow Chart
4.5 INTRUSION ANALYSIS GRAPH
4.5.1 MONTH WISE SEVERITY ANALYSIS
Table 1. Month-wise Severity Analysis
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Figure 14. Monthwise Measured Performance of intrusion
4.5.2 IP ADDRESS WISE INTRUSION ANALYSIS
Table 2. IP Address Wise Measured Performance
Figure 15. IP Address Wise Measured Performance of intrusion
4.6 REPORTS FOR ADMINISTRATOR
The various analysis reports available from the system are elaborated below.
Intrusion IP
Total Number of
Attempt
110.23.45.9 459
75.240.23.5 380
34.200.33.120 250
124.23.11.8 210
45.179.21.42 200
56.34.128.98 195
110.45.98.2 190
80.248.12.55 77
120.34.11.98 54
44.55.126.82 45
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4.6.1 COUNTRY WISE INTRUSION ANALYSIS REPORT
Table 3. Country wise intrusion Analysis
Figure 16. Country wise Intrusion Analysis
4.6.2 COUNTRY WISE INTRUSION SEVERITY ANALYSIS REPORT
Figure 17. Country wise Severity Intrusion Analysis
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4.6.3 PERIODIC INTRUSION ANALYSIS REPORT
A periodic analysis report of intrusions for a selected period will be available to the system
administrator.
Figure 18. Periodic Intrusion Analysis
4.6.4 SMS AND EMAIL ALERTS FOR ADMINISTRATOR
If any attack or abnormal behaviours are detected, it automatically alarms the administrator
through SMS or Email and terminates the entered log.
5. CONCLUSION
We propose a new system in the Big data that support to integrate high volume of data and the
intrusion detection is in real time. If an abnormal condition arises, the system will automatically
check and categorize severity of the log as high, medium, and low and will automatically take the
necessary actions.
The main advantages of the proposed system are,
• Capable of storing and processing petabytes of log data in a fast manner compared to
the traditional systems.
• Capable of generating real-time results and alerts
As a future enhancement, this Intrusion detection system will be available for the public for easily
integrating into their existing big data solutions / applications, so that they can concentrate on
their application specific activities and all type of securities and intrusion predictions will be
taken care by the Real-time Intrusion detection system for Big data.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First of all I express my heartfelt thanks to almighty god for his blessings to complete this paper
successfully. I express my heartfelt gratefulness and special thanks to my family and friends who
have acted as a backbone throughout the research work.
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AUTHOR
Reghunath K is currently working as Asst.Professor in a college under Mahatma Gandhi
University, Kottayam, Kerala, India. I have achieved MCA degree from Madurai Kamaraj
University, Tamilnadu. and completed 8 yrs experience as software engineer in an IT firm.
Presently Iam a research scolar in Periyar University, Tamilnadu. My interest area is Cloud
Computing and Big data.