Peripheral Smear technique and reporting

This document provides information about performing a peripheral blood smear examination, including the different types of blood smears, proper procedures for making blood smears, characteristics of a good smear, common causes of a poor smear, staining techniques, performing a manual differential count and assessing red blood cell morphology. Key steps include making wedge or spun smears from EDTA blood, allowing the smear to air dry before staining with Leishman's stain, examining under 10x, 40x and 100x magnification to perform white blood cell counts and differentials, and platelet and red blood cell morphology assessments. Causes of abnormal smears and signs of abnormal white blood cell morphology are also outlined.

Peripheral blood smear examination plays an important role in the evaluation of various blood disorders. A good peripheral smear should be prepared using the wedge or coverslip technique to obtain an even distribution of red blood cells. The smear is then stained using the Romanowsky method which involves fixing the cells using methanol followed by staining with Giemsa stain. During examination, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and any abnormal cells or inclusions are evaluated under the microscope. Changes in the size, shape, color and structural features of red blood cells can provide clues to underlying hematological conditions.

The document discusses different staining techniques used in hematology to differentiate blood cells. It describes routine stains like Leishman, Giemsa, Wright, and Jenner stains which use combinations of basic and acidic dyes to stain cell nuclei and cytoplasm. Proper preparation of thin and thick blood films, including fixation in methanol, is outlined. The principles, procedures, and interpretations of common Romanowsky stains are explained in detail.

The document discusses various routine and special stains used in hematology. Routine stains like Leishman, Giemsa, and Wright stains are used to stain peripheral blood films and differentiate blood cells. Special stains require additional processing but can identify characteristics not seen with routine stains, such as periodic acid Schiff stain which detects carbohydrates like glycogen by oxidizing glycol groups and producing a red reaction. Proper staining techniques such as fixation, washing, and timing are important for preparing clear blood smears and accurately identifying blood components.

How to make a blood smear, including all steps: Preparation, fixation and staining. Veterinary clinical Examination for small and large animals. Methanol - Fixation. Additionaly basic information about blood.

The blood smear document defines a blood smear, outlines its uses in diagnosing conditions like anemia and infections, and provides detailed instructions on preparing, staining, examining, and interpreting a blood smear slide. A well-prepared blood smear shows red and white blood cells with normal morphology, and is examined under microscopy to check for abnormalities and identify blood parasites or immature cells that can indicate conditions like infection or leukemia.

This document discusses total leukocyte count and differential counting. It describes the types of white blood cells including granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils) and agranulocytes (lymphocytes, monocytes). The procedure for a total leukocyte count involves diluting a blood sample and counting cells under a microscope. A differential count identifies percentages of each type of white blood cell by examining stained blood smears under oil immersion lens. Normal ranges and abnormal findings are also outlined.

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This document provides information on preparing, fixing, and staining blood smears or peripheral blood films. It describes how to make thin and thick blood films using different methods like the slide, cover glass, and spin methods. Films need to be fixed using methanol to preserve cell morphology before staining. Various Romanowsky stains are commonly used like Leishman, Giemsa, Wright, Field, and Jenner stains. Proper staining techniques and precautions are outlined to produce high quality blood films for microscopic examination and identification of blood cells and parasites.

This ppt contain usefull information regarding different staining methods and stains with photographs...enjoy and learn it..give comments..

This document discusses a differential leucocyte count (DLC) test. It provides information on the types of white blood cells (WBCs), how a blood smear is prepared and stained, and how the different WBCs are identified and counted under a microscope. A DLC involves counting 100 WBCs and recording the percentages of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils present. Normal ranges for each cell type are provided. Eosinophilia, an elevated eosinophil count, and its physiological and pathological causes are also summarized.

This document provides information on preparing blood smears with different staining methods. It discusses preparing thin and thick blood smears using various techniques like the slide method, cover glass method, and spin method for thin smears. For thick smears, a large drop of blood is spread on the slide. Various staining methods are described like Leishman stain, Giemsa stain, Wright stain, and Field stain. Proper preparation, fixation in methanol or ethanol, and staining are required to visualize blood cells and parasites under the microscope. Reticulocyte staining is also briefly mentioned.

This document discusses platelets, including their structure, function, production, and methods for detection. Key points include: - Platelets are non-nucleated blood cells that help form blood clots and repair damaged blood vessels. - They are produced from megakaryocytes in the bone marrow and have an average lifespan of 10 days. - Platelet functions include initiating blood clotting and wound healing through the release of chemical signals. - Platelet counts can be measured using a hemocytometer to manually count platelets in a diluted blood sample under a microscope.

This document provides information on staining blood films and smears. It discusses the different types of stains used including Romanowsky stains like Leishman stain, Giemsa stain, Wright stain, and Field stain. Specimens should be collected in EDTA and smears prepared within an hour then fixed in methanol or ethanol to preserve cell morphology before staining. Romanowsky stains use methylene blue and eosin dyes to reveal subtle differences in cell structures and components.

This document provides information on how to perform an erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) test. It begins by explaining that ESR measures the rate at which red blood cells sediment in one hour, and though nonspecific, an increased ESR can indicate infection, inflammation or malignancy. It then notes some limitations before describing the basic principles behind ESR, including how plasma proteins promote rouleaux formation and faster sedimentation. Finally, it states that the Westergren method is the preferred technique for determining ESR over the Wintrobe method.

This document provides information about preparing and examining peripheral blood smears. It discusses how to make a good blood smear by ensuring the smear is evenly spread and covers most of the slide. The document also describes staining blood smears using the Leishman's stain method and examining smears under a microscope. Key things to observe during examination include the different types of white blood cells, red blood cell morphology, and any abnormal findings. Performing a manual differential count involves identifying 100 white blood cells and categorizing them by type.

Reticulocyte stains are used to identify immature red blood cells (reticulocytes) by precipitating their residual RNA. A stain is prepared using new methylene blue and potassium oxalate or commercial stains can be purchased. Equal volumes of blood and stain are mixed and incubated before making blood films. Reticulocytes are identified and counted under a microscope by their blue aggregates or granules of precipitated RNA. Counts of reticulocytes are an indicator of bone marrow response to anemia. The percentage of reticulocytes correlates with the level of polychromatophilic erythrocytes seen on blood films.

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