Massage

This document discusses interferential therapy (IFT), a type of electrical stimulation treatment. IFT involves applying two medium frequency currents to generate a low frequency interference current in the tissues for therapeutic effects. It provides pain relief and motor stimulation while avoiding skin irritation experienced with other currents. IFT is indicated for various painful conditions and edema and uses specific frequencies for different treatments, like 1-10Hz rhythmic mode for reducing swelling. Precautions include avoiding direct electrode contact and proper placement to ensure current passes through tissues as intended.

Contrast bath therapy involves soaking an injured area in alternating hot and cold water baths to increase blood flow and decrease joint stiffness. The temperature changes from hot to cold and back again produce a "pumping effect" that helps remove swelling through improved venous and lymphatic drainage. A full contrast bath treatment consists of soaking in warm water for 10 minutes, cold water for 1 minute, repeated three times, ending with warm water. Contrast baths can help relieve pain, stiffness and swelling through induced vasodilation and vasoconstriction of blood vessels.

Microwave diathermy (MWD) uses electromagnetic radiation in the microwave frequency range to generate heat in tissue. MWD uses a magnetron to produce microwaves with frequencies commonly between 300 MHz to 300 GHz. These short wavelength microwaves generate strong electrical fields that cause heating through ionic movements and molecular distortion within tissues. MWD provides superficial heating that is more localized than shortwave diathermy and penetrates deeper than infrared radiation. Key uses of MWD include reducing pain, swelling and muscle spasm in inflammatory conditions like tendinitis as well as accelerating healing for injuries and infections.

This document discusses different types of voluntary movements used in physical therapy exercises. It classifies exercises as free, assisted, assisted-resisted, or resisted based on whether they involve gravity, external assistance, or resistance. Free exercises work against gravity alone and are used to improve relaxation, muscle tone, coordination, and confidence. They can help cure or rehabilitate patients, though some patients may be unable to perform them. The document outlines techniques for free exercises and their effects, including improved relaxation, joint mobility, muscle power, neuromuscular coordination, and confidence. It also describes circulatory and respiratory changes that occur with exercise like increased heart rate, blood flow, and respiration to meet tissue needs and regulate functions.

This document summarizes fluidotherapy, a dry heating modality. It transfers heat to the body through convection using a cabinet containing heated air and finely ground cellulose particles. This creates a fluid-like medium allowing limbs to float and exercises to be performed. Key effects include increased blood flow, pain relief and improved range of motion. It is used to treat distal extremities for conditions like pain, swelling and post-operative rehabilitation. Contraindications include fever, anesthesia or severe circulatory issues. Advantages include ease of use and allowing some active exercise in a comfortable, dry environment.

Cyclotherm is a device that circulates fluid through an applicator to heat or cool the skin surface and vary the temperature between 1-40°C at a rate of 13°C per minute. It can be programmed to apply preset temperatures for predetermined times for therapies like thermotherapy, cryotherapy, and thermal contrast therapy. Heat is used to increase circulation, metabolism, and inflammation/wound healing while decreasing pain and muscle spasm. Cold causes vasoconstriction, lowers metabolic rate, and provides pain relief. Therapies include using heat before stretching/mobilization and cold for acute injuries, pain relief, and reducing inflammation/spasm. Contraindications include vascular diseases and inability to sense

A technique which uses water as a therapeutic modality. This therapy is usually used by Physiotherapist for healing wound, edema drainage, improving balance and posture and decreasing pain.

Wax therapy, which uses a bath of molten paraffin wax, is one of the most effective ways of applying heat to improve mobility by warming the connective tissues. Wax therapy is mainly used on your hands along with an exercise program.

The document discusses different types and methods of traction used in physiotherapy. It defines traction as a mechanical force applied to separate joint structures and stretch surrounding soft tissues. There are four main types of traction: mechanical, self, positional, and manual. Mechanical traction can be further divided into over door cervical traction and electrical traction. The document then covers application techniques for cervical, thoracic, and lumbar traction, highlighting factors like force levels, durations, angles, and positioning. Recommended parameters are provided for initial treatment phases and specific treatment goals for each spinal region.

1. A hydro-collator pack is a fabric envelope containing silica gel or bentonite crystal packs that are heated in a hydro-collator unit to provide moist heat therapy. 2. The hydro-collator unit maintains water at 70-80°C to heat the packs for 30-40 minutes of moist heat application. 3. When applied with adequate toweling insulation, hydro-collator packs provide penetrating heat therapy above 75°C without raising skin temperature excessively, helping to reduce pain, muscle spasm, and inflammation.

Definition, surging, physiological & therapeutic effects,indications & contraindications, techniques of application

Galvanic current is a low frequency, interrupted direct current with pulse durations over 1ms up to 300ms and frequencies under 50Hz. It was discovered in the 1780s by Luigi Galvani and can cause contraction of denervated muscles through sluggish contractions, stimulation of sensory nerves resulting in pain sensations, and stimulation of motor nerves at high intensities. Therapeutically, galvanic current is used to retard muscle atrophy and substitute for normal muscle contraction in denervated muscles by slowing structural and functional changes like loss of activity and fibrosis through electrical stimulation. It can also be used facially to reduce dullness, fine lines, wrinkles, and improve elasticity and oxygen supply.

The hydrocollator pack is a fabric envelope containing silica gel or bentonite crystals that absorb water and are heated in a hydrocollator unit. The heated packs are wrapped in towels and applied to patients for 30 minutes to provide moist heat therapy. This increases local temperature, circulation, and tissue extensibility while relieving pain and muscle spasms. Proper application and precautions are needed to safely use hydrocollator packs and avoid burns or dehydration.

The high voltage pulsed galvanic stimulator (HVPGS) delivers a high voltage, low amperage, short duration electrical current as a twin-peak monophasic waveform up to 300 volts to produce both mechanical muscle contractions and chemical changes in the body. It has been used clinically for over 45 years to treat various musculoskeletal conditions through analgesia, muscle stimulation, and wound healing. The high voltage allows for deep tissue penetration without risk of tissue damage due to its low total current. Typical treatments last 30-40 minutes, 3 times per day.

This document discusses cold therapy (cryotherapy) for injuries. It describes how applying ice reduces tissue temperature, which causes blood vessels to constrict, reducing swelling and pain. Ice therapy is used to reduce pain, swelling, muscle spasms and promote healing after injuries. The document outlines the physiological effects of cold on blood flow, inflammation and nerve conduction. It provides contraindications for ice therapy and different techniques for application, such as ice towels, packs, immersion and spray.

This document discusses interferential therapy (IFT), including its history, principles, instrumentation, applications, effects, and precautions. Some key points: - IFT was developed in the 1950s and involves applying two medium frequency alternating currents slightly out of phase to produce a low frequency effect for therapeutic purposes. - The interference of the currents produces an amplitude-modulated frequency that can stimulate tissues in a manner similar to low frequency electrotherapy. - IFT is used for pain relief, muscle stimulation, increasing blood flow, and reducing edema through its physiological effects on tissues from 10-150 Hz. - Proper electrode placement and current parameters are important to achieve the intended effects while avoiding contraindic

The document defines and describes various aspects of resistance exercises. It discusses types of muscle contractions like isotonic, isometric and eccentric. It explains principles of resistance training like overload and specificity. It describes adaptations to resistance training including neural, muscular and bone changes. Determinants of resistance training programs are outlined including intensity, time, volume and periodization. Guidelines for progressive resistance exercises and precautions are provided.

This document discusses different types of massage techniques. It describes techniques like effleurage, petrissage, kneading, friction and their application methods. Effleurage involves long, gliding strokes and improves circulation. Petrissage involves lifting and squeezing muscles. Kneading uses circular pressure on muscles and fascia. Friction involves small oscillatory movements on deeper structures. The techniques have effects like improved circulation, reduced edema and adhesions, increased range of motion. They are used to treat conditions like muscle fatigue, injuries and post-surgical scarring.

The document describes various massage techniques including effleurage/stroking, petrissage, friction, and percussion. Effleurage involves long gliding strokes and is used to initiate and end treatments. Petrissage techniques like kneading, picking up, and wringing compress tissues against underlying structures. Friction restores mobility through localized manipulation. Percussion includes tapping techniques like hacking, clapping, and beating applied with brisk striking actions to stimulate circulation. Each technique is defined and its effects are outlined. Techniques are also classified by grade based on depth of pressure.

Massage therapy has a long history dating back thousands of years. It involves manipulating the soft tissues of the body through techniques like effleurage, petrissage, friction, tapotement, and vibration. The physiological effects of massage include relaxation, reduced muscle soreness, decreased anxiety, and increased blood flow. Massage can help reduce pain, swelling, and tension in the muscles and soft tissues.

This document provides an overview of chikitsa or massage therapy. It discusses the history and origins of massage, defines different types of massage strokes like effleurage, petrissage, friction and tapotement. It outlines the physiological effects of massage on circulation, metabolism, musculature and psychological state. Benefits of massage for conditions affecting muscles, tendons and joints are described. Points for proper massage technique and considerations for the masseur are also reviewed.

Myofascial release is a manual therapy technique that aims to relax and elongate the fascia through slow, sustained pressure. Fascia is the connective tissue that surrounds and connects muscles, bones, and organs. Injuries, immobilization, and aging can cause fascial adhesions or restrictions that impair movement. Myofascial release techniques like crosshand strokes, skin rolling, and deep tissue stroking apply moderate pressure to "creep" or elongate the fascia and increase range of motion. It can help remove waste from injuries and is often used with other treatments like exercise. Precautions include acute injuries or conditions affecting the skin, blood vessels, or nerves.

This document provides information on back care, including its definition, purposes, contraindications, necessary articles, and procedures. Back care involves cleaning and massaging the back, paying attention to pressure points, to stimulate blood circulation, prevent bedsores, relax tension, and promote rest and sleep. The procedure section outlines specific massage techniques - effleurage, friction, tapotement, vibration, and kneading - used to massage the entire back.

This document defines massage and discusses different massage techniques. It defines massage as any manual or mechanical technique that imparts mechanical energy to soft tissues without moving joints, to elicit physiological or psychological effects for therapeutic, restorative or preventive purposes. Massage techniques are classified based on factors like depth, applied force, duration, means of application and region treated. Common techniques discussed include stroking, kneading, friction, vibration and percussion. The document provides detailed descriptions of different types of strokes, pressures, vibrations and percussion techniques used in massage.