The document describes a proposed system to automate and monitor a fuel station using a wireless sensor network. The system aims to [1] save fuel quantities and qualities, [2] keep the fuel station and workers safe, and [3] make the fuel station operate under normal conditions. Sensors monitor factors like temperature, smoke, water levels, and power sources. The data is sent wirelessly to a main controller built using LabVIEW software. The controller analyzes the data and sends commands to actuators to automate systems for fire protection, temperature control, power switching, and liquid level regulation. The overall system is designed to automate key fuel station operations and provide monitoring through an interactive interface.
This document summarizes a survey on a proposed smart drip irrigation system. The key points are:
1) The proposed system uses sensors to monitor soil conditions and weather. It sends this data to an Android app via a base station to allow remote control and monitoring of the irrigation system.
2) The smart system aims to automate irrigation based on environmental conditions rather than schedules, reducing water use and increasing crop yields.
3) Researchers believe this Internet of Things approach could make irrigation more efficient and beneficial for farmers by allowing remote control from any location.
IoT Based Control and Monitoring of Smart Grid and Power Theft Detection by L...
This document discusses using IoT technology to create a smart grid system for monitoring and controlling power distribution and detecting power theft. The system uses Raspberry Pi hubs connected to smart meters via Zigbee to collect power usage data from consumers and send it to the Azure cloud. This allows identifying locations of power theft by comparing total usage recorded at transformers to reported consumer usage. The system can also detect faults, notify consumers of outages or price changes, and allow excess power from solar installations to be returned to the grid.
Design and Implementation of IOT Based Smart Power Monitoring and Management ...
We will design a system based on WSNs and IoT technologies to manage real-time power at buildings. This system comprises of: a wireless sensor network (sensing node and base station) and a smart home gateway. A sensing node is utilized wireless sensors to measure voltage and current; to calculate power consumption of connected appliances, transmitted wirelessly to a base station via Zigbee node. A base station is designed to receive all data transmitted from the sensing node and display it through GUI available at the personal computer, with the possibility of controlling ON and OFF appliances according to consumer requirements; All of these readings will be stored at database for analysis. In addition, a smart home gateway will connect the system with internet to allow consumers to continuous monitoring and remote control the appliances via a smartphone application. The benefit of this system, that the appliances control mechanism can be done in different ways (manually, automatically, and remotely). Various household appliances were tested to verify the accuracy of the electrical parameters that measured at system and compare them with practical measurement, found the average error ratio between them (0.3%) was in voltage, (1.5%) in current, and (1.8%) in power.
This paper describe segregation of scrap materials using automation system. With the growing population rate, the amount of waste being produced is also increasing at a very faster rate. It is also posing a very serious problem at the industrial and domestic level to manage the wastes being dumped everywhere as landfill waste. So, it is very crucial to have some system to manage waste automatically which is currently not there. Prime Minister Modi’s mission of Swaccha Bharat Abhiyan can also be successfully implemented by the proposed system. The paper proposes a novel method where the provision is given to separate out metal and nonmetal waste into respective bins by the sensing of different sensors incorporated along the conveyor belt. Pieces of glass, paper, wood and metallic materials are separated out from proposed work. Using the segregation, most of the metal and nonmetal components like paper, glass, plastic increases the economic value of the waste to its best. For every scrap separation system, a higher level of automation demands more and more accurate programming device. So, we are using programmable logic controller (PLC) as main component
Real Time E-metering and Automation of KCT College Campus using an Android Mo...
Automation is the technology stemming from web of things. To make a smart world to provide comfort for human life is the main focus of the researchers. In the current automated industry Embedded systems and IOT (Internet of Things) is becoming highly efficient and mandatory to exhibit the potential market. While performing various operations, power consumption and efficiency is an important issue with the comfort level of user. The combination of embedded technology and IOT is represented by using E-controller which is the appropriate one for system’s energy consumption and efficiency experiments with size factor. The main objective of the system is real time information and data monitoring of energy consumption. The proposed system introduces the
implementation of IOT using embedded technology to simplistic the peripheral circuit and to lower the power consumption, thereby providing a high quality solution for a Smart Hostel Management and Information system.
High precision location tracking technology in ir4.0
1) The document discusses deploying an Ultra-Wideband (UWB) indoor positioning system (IPS) in a manufacturing factory for high-precision location tracking as part of Industry 4.0 initiatives.
2) Key challenges in deploying UWB IPS in a factory environment include radio signal reflections off metal surfaces, ensuring line-of-sight between tags and sensors, and strategic sensor placement and tag wearing.
3) Techniques to improve positioning accuracy include implementing Kalman filtering on position data and considering factors like tag placement, sensor density, and signal obstructions. The UWB IPS framework incorporates hardware, positioning algorithms, and a dashboard interface.
IRJET- Smart Wireless Electronic Energy MeterIRJET Journal
This document describes a smart wireless electronic energy meter system that uses technologies like Arduino, GSM modules, and IoT to remotely monitor electricity consumption. The system replaces traditional energy meters by automatically sending meter readings to a cloud server via GSM. An Arduino board senses electricity parameters using sensors and displays readings on an LCD screen. When readings deviate from input values, the Arduino sends a signal to adjust settings back. This allows remote monitoring of energy usage without physical visits, preventing electricity theft and bringing transparency to billing.
IRJET - Monitoring Indoor Air Quality in IndustriesIRJET Journal
This document describes a system for monitoring indoor air quality in industries using Internet of Things (IoT) technology. Sensors are connected to an Arduino microcontroller to measure parameters like temperature, humidity, carbon monoxide, smoke and LPG levels. The sensor data is sent to the cloud via a NodeMCU module. This allows users to access the indoor air quality information from anywhere using mobile apps or web applications. The system aims to provide real-time monitoring to improve worker safety and health by avoiding exposure to harmful air pollutants.
IRJET-Simulation of Smart Meter Using Proteus software for Smart GridIRJET Journal
This document describes a simulation of a smart meter using Proteus software for a smart grid system. It involves designing a Zigbee-based smart power meter that can read power consumption and communicate data wirelessly to a utility server. The smart meter implementation uses an ARM cortex M4 microcontroller to monitor power usage and transmit consumption details via Zigbee modules. The simulation is done using Embedded C in Proteus along with a CCS compiler. Key aspects covered include the system design, Zigbee technology, tarang communication modules, the smart meter operation flowchart, components like relays and transformers, and benefits of smart grids and smart metering.
A Survey on Smart DRIP Irrigation SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on a proposed smart drip irrigation system. The key points are:
1) The proposed system uses sensors to monitor soil conditions and weather. It sends this data to an Android app via a base station to allow remote control and monitoring of the irrigation system.
2) The smart system aims to automate irrigation based on environmental conditions rather than schedules, reducing water use and increasing crop yields.
3) Researchers believe this Internet of Things approach could make irrigation more efficient and beneficial for farmers by allowing remote control from any location.
IoT Based Control and Monitoring of Smart Grid and Power Theft Detection by L...IRJET Journal
This document discusses using IoT technology to create a smart grid system for monitoring and controlling power distribution and detecting power theft. The system uses Raspberry Pi hubs connected to smart meters via Zigbee to collect power usage data from consumers and send it to the Azure cloud. This allows identifying locations of power theft by comparing total usage recorded at transformers to reported consumer usage. The system can also detect faults, notify consumers of outages or price changes, and allow excess power from solar installations to be returned to the grid.
Design and Implementation of IOT Based Smart Power Monitoring and Management ...ijesajournal
We will design a system based on WSNs and IoT technologies to manage real-time power at buildings. This system comprises of: a wireless sensor network (sensing node and base station) and a smart home gateway. A sensing node is utilized wireless sensors to measure voltage and current; to calculate power consumption of connected appliances, transmitted wirelessly to a base station via Zigbee node. A base station is designed to receive all data transmitted from the sensing node and display it through GUI available at the personal computer, with the possibility of controlling ON and OFF appliances according to consumer requirements; All of these readings will be stored at database for analysis. In addition, a smart home gateway will connect the system with internet to allow consumers to continuous monitoring and remote control the appliances via a smartphone application. The benefit of this system, that the appliances control mechanism can be done in different ways (manually, automatically, and remotely). Various household appliances were tested to verify the accuracy of the electrical parameters that measured at system and compare them with practical measurement, found the average error ratio between them (0.3%) was in voltage, (1.5%) in current, and (1.8%) in power.
PLC based Segregation of Scrap MaterialIJERA Editor
This paper describe segregation of scrap materials using automation system. With the growing population rate, the amount of waste being produced is also increasing at a very faster rate. It is also posing a very serious problem at the industrial and domestic level to manage the wastes being dumped everywhere as landfill waste. So, it is very crucial to have some system to manage waste automatically which is currently not there. Prime Minister Modi’s mission of Swaccha Bharat Abhiyan can also be successfully implemented by the proposed system. The paper proposes a novel method where the provision is given to separate out metal and nonmetal waste into respective bins by the sensing of different sensors incorporated along the conveyor belt. Pieces of glass, paper, wood and metallic materials are separated out from proposed work. Using the segregation, most of the metal and nonmetal components like paper, glass, plastic increases the economic value of the waste to its best. For every scrap separation system, a higher level of automation demands more and more accurate programming device. So, we are using programmable logic controller (PLC) as main component
Real Time E-metering and Automation of KCT College Campus using an Android Mo...Eswar Publications
Automation is the technology stemming from web of things. To make a smart world to provide comfort for human life is the main focus of the researchers. In the current automated industry Embedded systems and IOT (Internet of Things) is becoming highly efficient and mandatory to exhibit the potential market. While performing various operations, power consumption and efficiency is an important issue with the comfort level of user. The combination of embedded technology and IOT is represented by using E-controller which is the appropriate one for system’s energy consumption and efficiency experiments with size factor. The main objective of the system is real time information and data monitoring of energy consumption. The proposed system introduces the
implementation of IOT using embedded technology to simplistic the peripheral circuit and to lower the power consumption, thereby providing a high quality solution for a Smart Hostel Management and Information system.
High precision location tracking technology in ir4.0Journal Papers
1) The document discusses deploying an Ultra-Wideband (UWB) indoor positioning system (IPS) in a manufacturing factory for high-precision location tracking as part of Industry 4.0 initiatives.
2) Key challenges in deploying UWB IPS in a factory environment include radio signal reflections off metal surfaces, ensuring line-of-sight between tags and sensors, and strategic sensor placement and tag wearing.
3) Techniques to improve positioning accuracy include implementing Kalman filtering on position data and considering factors like tag placement, sensor density, and signal obstructions. The UWB IPS framework incorporates hardware, positioning algorithms, and a dashboard interface.
Widipay a cross layer design for mobile payment system over lte directeSAT Journals
Abstract Long term evolution direct, plus its features of device-to-device networking and proximate discovery, are new and emerging
technologies able to come out of the shadow to render a whole new perspective at mobile payments. In this work, we propose a
new mobile payment system using long term evolution direct and its features. A sensitive mobile payment system would require
high security requirements in order to be trusted by the users and the businesses. These requirements are taken into account in
our proposed system design and solutions to security considerations are provided. The system’s security and usability features are
designed for implementation from physical to application layer to address the identified issues. Within the scope of this work, we
provided the conceptual design solutions to allow the system to be as solid and secure as possible while they are convenient
enough not to degrade user’s experience when using the system.
Keywords: LTE Direct, Mobile Payment, Internet of Things, Device-To-Device Networking
IRJET- Measuring Electricity Consumption of Appliances and Monitoring the...IRJET Journal
This document describes a system that measures electricity consumption of appliances and monitors them using the Internet of Things (IoT) and machine learning. The system uses a current sensor clamped around the main circuit breaker to monitor electricity usage. Machine learning algorithms categorize usage by appliance. Users can view consumption data and remotely control appliances through a mobile app. The system aims to reduce electricity bills by detecting unnecessary usage and notifying users.
IRJET- Implementation of Automated Urban Drinking Water Supply and Leakage Id...IRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed system to automate urban drinking water supply and identify leaks using Programmable Logic Control (PLC) and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA). The system would minimize human error, reduce water wastage from leaks, theft and faults in pipes. Sensors would monitor water pressure and flows. PLCs would control pumps and valves locally, while a central SCADA system would allow remote monitoring and control. Data from sensors would be transmitted to the SCADA system via RTUs to identify leaks and optimize water distribution in real-time. This could help reduce supply costs and more efficiently match demand with a scarce water supply in urban areas of India.
A Real-Time IoT Implementation for Efficient Energy ConsumptionIRJET Journal
This document proposes an Internet of Things (IoT) implementation to efficiently monitor home energy consumption. Microcontrollers connected to appliances would measure energy usage data like time of use and wattage. This data is sent to a server and mobile app to alert users when consumption increases tariff rates or exceeds personalized thresholds. The app also calculates appliance-specific costs. A predictive fuzzy model is designed to control overuse of high-energy devices by triggering alarms when consumption exceeds set limits. The system aims to help users reduce electricity bills by making them aware of real-time usage patterns through a low-cost IoT monitoring solution.
This document describes a smart system for agriculture monitoring that uses sensors to track crop health data and soil conditions in real-time. The system uses an Arduino Yun microcontroller connected to sensors for soil temperature, rainfall, sound, and an IP camera. The sensors monitor and collect data on soil temperature, rainfall, sounds that could indicate pests, and visual crop status. This data is analyzed to detect any issues and provide alerts to farmers so they can take timely preventative actions to improve crop yields. The system aims to make farming more efficient through automated real-time monitoring and analysis of field conditions.
IRJET- Internet of Things (IoT) based Warehouse Monitoring and Control Interf...IRJET Journal
This document describes an IoT-based system for monitoring and controlling warehouse parameters. The system uses wireless sensors to monitor temperature, humidity, LPG, CO, and methane levels. It provides real-time location coordinates and sensor data to reduce waste. The sensor data is sent to a base station via Bluetooth and displayed. It is also pushed to the cloud and stored in an Excel spreadsheet. The spreadsheet data is converted to a PDF and emailed daily. A mobile app allows remote monitoring and control via relays. The system alerts if temperature exceeds set points and updates data automatically.
IRJET- Development of Data Transmission using Smart Sensing Technology for St...IRJET Journal
This document describes a new method for data transmission using smart sensing technology for structural health monitoring. The proposed method includes two coding stages: 1) source coding to compress redundant information in structural health monitoring signals and 2) redundant coding to inject artificial redundancy to enhance transmission reliability over wireless sensors. The method is implemented on an Imote2 smart sensor platform and tested on a cable-stayed bridge, showing it can withstand up to 30% data loss while still reconstructing the original sensor data with high probability. This improves reliability of data transmission for wireless structural health monitoring systems.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Design and Implementation of Wireless Sensor Node for WSN for Automatic Meter...paperpublications3
Abstract:Deploying an embedded technology, a wireless sensor node is designed and implemented for establishment of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) for automatic meter reading. The amount of power consumed by the load is extracted by passing the respective current through 1Ohm resistor. The analog voltage observed across it is digitized by employing on chip ADC of AVR Atmega 8L microcontroller. The ADC of 10 bit resolution helps to enhance preciseness in the data. Using principle of energy meter, the power consumed is determined and depicted in the terms of watts and units as well. An embedded firmware is developed by employing CodeVisionAVR, the IDE, which is dedicated for AVR family of microcontrollers. Employing an ubiquitous technology, the Zigbee technology, RF communication is established at 2.4GHz of ISM band. The Zigbee RF module is interfaced to the system and programmed by using X-CTU. Each node (End Devices) is assigned with its own ID and disseminates the data to the co-ordinator node, which is interfaced to the base station. The present wireless sensor network is operating in star technology and following IEEE 802.15.4 standards, it is operating with great reliability. The WSN is suitable for electric power distribution and control boards.
Keyword:Automatic Meter Reading, AVR Microcontroller, Embedded technology, IEEE802.15.4, WSN, Zigbee technology.
This document describes a smart electricity metering system that uses an e-wallet payment system. The system uses an Arduino board connected to current sensors and a GSM modem to automatically read electricity meters and send readings to the utility provider. It also allows customers to pay electricity bills through an e-wallet on their phone. The system aims to reduce workload for meter readers and provide a more convenient digital payment process for customers.
IRJET- Sensors implementation in AGV & IoT based data visualization over clie...IRJET Journal
This document discusses an IoT-based system for data visualization of sensors on automated guided vehicles (AGVs). Various sensors are installed on the AGVs to measure parameters like speed, temperature, battery levels. The sensor data is sent over WiFi to a Raspberry Pi, which stores the real-time data in a local database. When online, the data is also sent to a server for visualization using Power BI dashboards. This allows users to remotely monitor AGV performance and status. The system aims to enable real-time monitoring, access to historical sensor data, and precise analysis of AGV efficiency through IoT technologies.
Scientific_Project_Report_on Wireless Monitoring and Control in IndustriesEnock Odhiambo
This document discusses the use of wireless networks for monitoring and controlling industrial processes. It proposes integrating a wireless network to remotely collect data from areas that were previously difficult to access. The design includes a circuit that can overcome common wireless issues like multipath fade and interference using mesh networking. Microcontrollers communicate wirelessly via RF modules and display data, with one microcontroller controlling the other. The document reviews past studies on wireless technology in industries and cites successful applications in areas like offshore platforms and biomass plants.
IRJET- Solar Power Based Remote Monitoring and Control of Industrial Paramete...IRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed system for remote monitoring and control of industrial parameters using solar power and IoT technology. The system uses various sensors to measure parameters like temperature, pressure, gas levels etc. and sends the data via an IoT module to the cloud for storage. A user can access the parameter values through software on their device and control devices remotely. If any parameters exceed thresholds, automated actions are taken like turning on cooling fans. The system aims to improve safety and efficiency by allowing constant remote monitoring without human intervention. It can send alerts if emergencies like fires occur and notify authorities. The solar power aspect makes it more sustainable by reducing energy usage for monitoring.
A Novel Prototype Model for Monitoring the Factories Remnants on Nile RiverIJERA Editor
The environment faces too many issues including the water pollution problem in the Nile River. This problem could be solved by having a system provides the factory with the control and monitoring to be able to monitor and treat their water remnants according to the standards required by ministry of environment. This project will establish and design a new control system that could be used by factories for monitoring and controlling their remnants. The project based on using an interfacing device for facility management technology (eWON), and also Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System (SCADA), that support General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) for remote data connection.
Autonomous sensor nodes for Structural Health Monitoring of bridgesIRJET Journal
This document discusses using autonomous sensor nodes and wireless sensor networks for structural health monitoring of bridges. It aims to detect damage in structures early through continuous monitoring. Sensor nodes containing microcontrollers, temperature, vibration and pressure sensors would be attached to bridges and transmit data wirelessly. This would make inspections more efficient and improve safety by identifying issues early. The document reviews related work using similar wireless sensor network systems for structural monitoring. It discusses the need for such monitoring in India given the increasing construction of large buildings and infrastructure. The objectives are outlined as detecting, locating, identifying and quantifying any damage. Hardware and software components are listed including ESP32 microcontrollers and sensors to measure temperature, vibration and pressure.
IRJET- Machine Care Effectiveenergy Monitring Model based on Wireless Sen...IRJET Journal
This document presents a proposed wireless machine care monitoring model based on wireless sensor networks. It aims to remotely monitor key machine parameters like current, temperature, vibrations, and lubricant levels to predict faults and prevent failures. Sensors measure these parameters and transmit data via a ZigBee wireless network to a monitoring server. This allows for real-time monitoring and protection against issues like overcurrent or high temperatures. The proposed system aims to offer safer and more cost-effective monitoring compared to traditional wired systems, which are more expensive to implement or impossible in some industrial environments. It analyzes sensor technologies like MEMS accelerometers to monitor vibrations and evaluates the performance of the wireless monitoring system through experimental testing.
This document describes a proposed LoRa-based data acquisition system for monitoring vehicles. Key points:
- The system would use LoRa technology and sensors to monitor various parameters in a vehicle and report the data to users via an IoT dashboard.
- LoRa allows long-range and low-power wireless connectivity for IoT applications. The system aims to leverage these capabilities of LoRa for vehicle monitoring.
- The goals of the data acquisition system are to monitor operations, provide effective communication to identify issues, collect and store diagnostic data, and analyze performance metrics in real-time to ensure reliable operation.
Wireless sensor network platform for monitoring the industrial apparatusijiert bestjournal
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are one of the fastest gr owing and emerging technologies in the field of Wireless networking. WSNs have a vast amount of applications inc luding environmental monitoring,oil and gas,agriculture,inventory control,robotics and health care. Thi s paper focuses on monitoring and protection of oil and water operations using WSNs that are optimized to decre ase installation,and maintenance cost,energy requirements,increase reliability and improve communic ation efficiency. Such model could provide new tools for research in predictive maintenance and condition-base d monitoring of factory machinery in general and for open architecture machining system in particular. W ireless sensing no longer needs to be relegated to locations where access is difficult or where cabl ing is not practical. In our project we are using sensor such as vibration,temperature,level sensor,weight sensor
Process monitoring, controlling and load management system in an induction motoreSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IRJET-A Brief Study of Leach based Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor NetworksIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study of the Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) routing protocol for wireless sensor networks. It discusses how LEACH is an energy-efficient clustering-based protocol that helps improve the lifetime of wireless sensor networks. The document also reviews several other routing protocols and concludes that using a round robin schedule could help improve clustering in routing protocols for wireless sensor networks to balance energy usage across nodes.
CAN Bus Integration for Enhanced Industrial Control and SafetyIRJET Journal
The document discusses using Controller Area Network (CAN) protocol for industrial automation and safety. CAN protocol allows for efficient and real-time communication between controllers. The proposed system uses sensors like temperature, gas leakage and light intensity sensors connected to microcontrollers to monitor these parameters. If any parameter exceeds a threshold, corrective actions like activating motors or buzzers are taken. CAN protocol provides high-speed and reliable data transmission between nodes. This ensures safety in industry by enabling monitoring and control of critical parameters.
This document provides an overview of power system automation and SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems. It defines SCADA and describes its typical components like HMIs, RTUs, PLCs and communication infrastructure. It also outlines applications of SCADA in power generation, distribution and transmission systems. Benefits of SCADA include increased efficiency, reliability and reduced manual labor through remote monitoring and control of power systems. The document concludes that SCADA provides a common framework for experiment control and ensures consistent operator experience across different parts of complex power systems.
IOT Based Smart Power Management System using WSNIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on an Internet of Things (IoT)-based smart power management system using wireless sensor networks. The system uses current and voltage sensors connected to home appliances to monitor power consumption. This data is transmitted wirelessly via Zigbee protocol and monitored remotely over the internet. The system allows users to control appliances automatically, manually, or remotely via a smartphone or computer. It provides a cheaper and more efficient way for consumers to manage electricity usage and save on power bills.
Electrical Appliances Control using Wi-Fi and LaptopIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on controlling electrical appliances using Wi-Fi and a laptop. The system allows a supervisor to control devices remotely using a laptop and Wi-Fi connection. The system includes an ARM7 microcontroller connected to electrical devices. A software application installed on the laptop allows the user to send commands over Wi-Fi to control the devices. This provides flexibility to control appliances from anywhere without needing to be near the traditional switchboard. The system is intended to save time, manpower, and energy compared to conventional control methods.
IRJET- Advanced Patient Health Monitoring System using PLCC TechnologyIRJET Journal
This document describes an advanced patient health monitoring system using power line communication (PLC) technology. PLC allows for data transmission through existing power lines and cables in homes and buildings. The proposed system uses biomedical sensors to monitor patient temperature and heart rate. Power line modems transmit the sensor data through the power lines to a microcontroller. The microcontroller then sends the data to the cloud for storage. This low-cost system provides remote patient monitoring using existing power infrastructure, avoiding additional wiring. PLC offers a solution to transmit biomedical sensor data from patients to the cloud for health monitoring and storage.
IRJET- Advanced Patient Health Monitoring System using PLCC TechnologyIRJET Journal
This document describes an advanced patient health monitoring system using power line communication (PLC) technology. PLC allows for data transmission through existing power lines and cables in homes and buildings. The proposed system uses biomedical sensors to monitor patient temperature and heart rate. Power line modems transmit the sensor data through the power lines to a microcontroller. The microcontroller then sends the data to the cloud for storage. This low-cost system provides remote patient monitoring using existing power infrastructure, avoiding additional wiring. PLC offers a solution to transmit biomedical sensor data from patients to the cloud for health monitoring and storage.
IRJET- IoT based Industrial Pollution Monitoring SystemIRJET Journal
This document describes an IoT-based system to monitor industrial pollution. The system uses various sensors to measure parameters like temperature, gases, dust and sends the data to the cloud using a WiFi module. A PIC microcontroller collects data from the sensors and sends it to the cloud where it can be accessed through a browser. The system aims to continuously monitor industrial pollution levels and alert when emissions increase to help control pollution and ensure worker safety.
Induction motor is rotating type of electro-mechanical device. Induction motor convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. Induction motor is highly reliable, require less maintenance and have high efficiency. Induction motor are wide in range of operation and it used in many application because its construction is simple and robust. In past induction motor can be protected by manual operation of component such as timer, contactor, electromagnetic switch, voltage and current transformer. Protection of an induction motor against problem such as short circuit, temperature rise, single phasing and motor vibration occurring in the operation is very important. Manual operation of protection system are very slow and is not accurate. Looking to this issues, in this paper PLC based protection method is used. Which operated automatically, provide higher accuracy and quick response.
IRJET - IoT-based Monitoring of Induction Motor PerformanceIRJET Journal
This document describes a system that monitors the performance of induction motors using IoT devices. Sensors measure electrical parameters like voltage and current, as well as non-electrical parameters like temperature and speed. An app is created using MIT App Inventor to display the sensor data and store it in a database. The system can detect abnormal parameter values and automatically turn the motor on or off to prevent faults. The goal is to increase motor efficiency and reduce maintenance costs through continuous remote monitoring of motor performance.
Similar to Fuel Station Monitoring and Automation based on WSN (20)
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Neural network optimizer of proportional-integral-differential controller par...IJECEIAES
Wide application of proportional-integral-differential (PID)-regulator in industry requires constant improvement of methods of its parameters adjustment. The paper deals with the issues of optimization of PID-regulator parameters with the use of neural network technology methods. A methodology for choosing the architecture (structure) of neural network optimizer is proposed, which consists in determining the number of layers, the number of neurons in each layer, as well as the form and type of activation function. Algorithms of neural network training based on the application of the method of minimizing the mismatch between the regulated value and the target value are developed. The method of back propagation of gradients is proposed to select the optimal training rate of neurons of the neural network. The neural network optimizer, which is a superstructure of the linear PID controller, allows increasing the regulation accuracy from 0.23 to 0.09, thus reducing the power consumption from 65% to 53%. The results of the conducted experiments allow us to conclude that the created neural superstructure may well become a prototype of an automatic voltage regulator (AVR)-type industrial controller for tuning the parameters of the PID controller.
An improved modulation technique suitable for a three level flying capacitor ...IJECEIAES
This research paper introduces an innovative modulation technique for controlling a 3-level flying capacitor multilevel inverter (FCMLI), aiming to streamline the modulation process in contrast to conventional methods. The proposed
simplified modulation technique paves the way for more straightforward and
efficient control of multilevel inverters, enabling their widespread adoption and
integration into modern power electronic systems. Through the amalgamation of
sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) with a high-frequency square wave
pulse, this controlling technique attains energy equilibrium across the coupling
capacitor. The modulation scheme incorporates a simplified switching pattern
and a decreased count of voltage references, thereby simplifying the control
algorithm.
A review on features and methods of potential fishing zoneIJECEIAES
This review focuses on the importance of identifying potential fishing zones in seawater for sustainable fishing practices. It explores features like sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height (SSH), along with classification methods such as classifiers. The features like SST, SSH, and different classifiers used to classify the data, have been figured out in this review study. This study underscores the importance of examining potential fishing zones using advanced analytical techniques. It thoroughly explores the methodologies employed by researchers, covering both past and current approaches. The examination centers on data characteristics and the application of classification algorithms for classification of potential fishing zones. Furthermore, the prediction of potential fishing zones relies significantly on the effectiveness of classification algorithms. Previous research has assessed the performance of models like support vector machines, naïve Bayes, and artificial neural networks (ANN). In the previous result, the results of support vector machine (SVM) were 97.6% more accurate than naive Bayes's 94.2% to classify test data for fisheries classification. By considering the recent works in this area, several recommendations for future works are presented to further improve the performance of the potential fishing zone models, which is important to the fisheries community.
Electrical signal interference minimization using appropriate core material f...IJECEIAES
As demand for smaller, quicker, and more powerful devices rises, Moore's law is strictly followed. The industry has worked hard to make little devices that boost productivity. The goal is to optimize device density. Scientists are reducing connection delays to improve circuit performance. This helped them understand three-dimensional integrated circuit (3D IC) concepts, which stack active devices and create vertical connections to diminish latency and lower interconnects. Electrical involvement is a big worry with 3D integrates circuits. Researchers have developed and tested through silicon via (TSV) and substrates to decrease electrical wave involvement. This study illustrates a novel noise coupling reduction method using several electrical involvement models. A 22% drop in electrical involvement from wave-carrying to victim TSVs introduces this new paradigm and improves system performance even at higher THz frequencies.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Bibliometric analysis highlighting the role of women in addressing climate ch...IJECEIAES
Fossil fuel consumption increased quickly, contributing to climate change
that is evident in unusual flooding and draughts, and global warming. Over
the past ten years, women's involvement in society has grown dramatically,
and they succeeded in playing a noticeable role in reducing climate change.
A bibliometric analysis of data from the last ten years has been carried out to
examine the role of women in addressing the climate change. The analysis's
findings discussed the relevant to the sustainable development goals (SDGs),
particularly SDG 7 and SDG 13. The results considered contributions made
by women in the various sectors while taking geographic dispersion into
account. The bibliometric analysis delves into topics including women's
leadership in environmental groups, their involvement in policymaking, their
contributions to sustainable development projects, and the influence of
gender diversity on attempts to mitigate climate change. This study's results
highlight how women have influenced policies and actions related to climate
change, point out areas of research deficiency and recommendations on how
to increase role of the women in addressing the climate change and
achieving sustainability. To achieve more successful results, this initiative
aims to highlight the significance of gender equality and encourage
inclusivity in climate change decision-making processes.
Voltage and frequency control of microgrid in presence of micro-turbine inter...IJECEIAES
The active and reactive load changes have a significant impact on voltage
and frequency. In this paper, in order to stabilize the microgrid (MG) against
load variations in islanding mode, the active and reactive power of all
distributed generators (DGs), including energy storage (battery), diesel
generator, and micro-turbine, are controlled. The micro-turbine generator is
connected to MG through a three-phase to three-phase matrix converter, and
the droop control method is applied for controlling the voltage and
frequency of MG. In addition, a method is introduced for voltage and
frequency control of micro-turbines in the transition state from gridconnected mode to islanding mode. A novel switching strategy of the matrix
converter is used for converting the high-frequency output voltage of the
micro-turbine to the grid-side frequency of the utility system. Moreover,
using the switching strategy, the low-order harmonics in the output current
and voltage are not produced, and consequently, the size of the output filter
would be reduced. In fact, the suggested control strategy is load-independent
and has no frequency conversion restrictions. The proposed approach for
voltage and frequency regulation demonstrates exceptional performance and
favorable response across various load alteration scenarios. The suggested
strategy is examined in several scenarios in the MG test systems, and the
simulation results are addressed.
Enhancing battery system identification: nonlinear autoregressive modeling fo...IJECEIAES
Precisely characterizing Li-ion batteries is essential for optimizing their
performance, enhancing safety, and prolonging their lifespan across various
applications, such as electric vehicles and renewable energy systems. This
article introduces an innovative nonlinear methodology for system
identification of a Li-ion battery, employing a nonlinear autoregressive with
exogenous inputs (NARX) model. The proposed approach integrates the
benefits of nonlinear modeling with the adaptability of the NARX structure,
facilitating a more comprehensive representation of the intricate
electrochemical processes within the battery. Experimental data collected
from a Li-ion battery operating under diverse scenarios are employed to
validate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. The identified
NARX model exhibits superior accuracy in predicting the battery's behavior
compared to traditional linear models. This study underscores the
importance of accounting for nonlinearities in battery modeling, providing
insights into the intricate relationships between state-of-charge, voltage, and
current under dynamic conditions.
Smart grid deployment: from a bibliometric analysis to a surveyIJECEIAES
Smart grids are one of the last decades' innovations in electrical energy.
They bring relevant advantages compared to the traditional grid and
significant interest from the research community. Assessing the field's
evolution is essential to propose guidelines for facing new and future smart
grid challenges. In addition, knowing the main technologies involved in the
deployment of smart grids (SGs) is important to highlight possible
shortcomings that can be mitigated by developing new tools. This paper
contributes to the research trends mentioned above by focusing on two
objectives. First, a bibliometric analysis is presented to give an overview of
the current research level about smart grid deployment. Second, a survey of
the main technological approaches used for smart grid implementation and
their contributions are highlighted. To that effect, we searched the Web of
Science (WoS), and the Scopus databases. We obtained 5,663 documents
from WoS and 7,215 from Scopus on smart grid implementation or
deployment. With the extraction limitation in the Scopus database, 5,872 of
the 7,215 documents were extracted using a multi-step process. These two
datasets have been analyzed using a bibliometric tool called bibliometrix.
The main outputs are presented with some recommendations for future
research.
Use of analytical hierarchy process for selecting and prioritizing islanding ...IJECEIAES
One of the problems that are associated to power systems is islanding
condition, which must be rapidly and properly detected to prevent any
negative consequences on the system's protection, stability, and security.
This paper offers a thorough overview of several islanding detection
strategies, which are divided into two categories: classic approaches,
including local and remote approaches, and modern techniques, including
techniques based on signal processing and computational intelligence.
Additionally, each approach is compared and assessed based on several
factors, including implementation costs, non-detected zones, declining
power quality, and response times using the analytical hierarchy process
(AHP). The multi-criteria decision-making analysis shows that the overall
weight of passive methods (24.7%), active methods (7.8%), hybrid methods
(5.6%), remote methods (14.5%), signal processing-based methods (26.6%),
and computational intelligent-based methods (20.8%) based on the
comparison of all criteria together. Thus, it can be seen from the total weight
that hybrid approaches are the least suitable to be chosen, while signal
processing-based methods are the most appropriate islanding detection
method to be selected and implemented in power system with respect to the
aforementioned factors. Using Expert Choice software, the proposed
hierarchy model is studied and examined.
Enhancing of single-stage grid-connected photovoltaic system using fuzzy logi...IJECEIAES
The power generated by photovoltaic (PV) systems is influenced by
environmental factors. This variability hampers the control and utilization of
solar cells' peak output. In this study, a single-stage grid-connected PV
system is designed to enhance power quality. Our approach employs fuzzy
logic in the direct power control (DPC) of a three-phase voltage source
inverter (VSI), enabling seamless integration of the PV connected to the
grid. Additionally, a fuzzy logic-based maximum power point tracking
(MPPT) controller is adopted, which outperforms traditional methods like
incremental conductance (INC) in enhancing solar cell efficiency and
minimizing the response time. Moreover, the inverter's real-time active and
reactive power is directly managed to achieve a unity power factor (UPF).
The system's performance is assessed through MATLAB/Simulink
implementation, showing marked improvement over conventional methods,
particularly in steady-state and varying weather conditions. For solar
irradiances of 500 and 1,000 W/m2
, the results show that the proposed
method reduces the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the injected current
to the grid by approximately 46% and 38% compared to conventional
methods, respectively. Furthermore, we compare the simulation results with
IEEE standards to evaluate the system's grid compatibility.
Enhancing photovoltaic system maximum power point tracking with fuzzy logic-b...IJECEIAES
Photovoltaic systems have emerged as a promising energy resource that
caters to the future needs of society, owing to their renewable, inexhaustible,
and cost-free nature. The power output of these systems relies on solar cell
radiation and temperature. In order to mitigate the dependence on
atmospheric conditions and enhance power tracking, a conventional
approach has been improved by integrating various methods. To optimize
the generation of electricity from solar systems, the maximum power point
tracking (MPPT) technique is employed. To overcome limitations such as
steady-state voltage oscillations and improve transient response, two
traditional MPPT methods, namely fuzzy logic controller (FLC) and perturb
and observe (P&O), have been modified. This research paper aims to
simulate and validate the step size of the proposed modified P&O and FLC
techniques within the MPPT algorithm using MATLAB/Simulink for
efficient power tracking in photovoltaic systems.
Adaptive synchronous sliding control for a robot manipulator based on neural ...IJECEIAES
Robot manipulators have become important equipment in production lines, medical fields, and transportation. Improving the quality of trajectory tracking for
robot hands is always an attractive topic in the research community. This is a
challenging problem because robot manipulators are complex nonlinear systems
and are often subject to fluctuations in loads and external disturbances. This
article proposes an adaptive synchronous sliding control scheme to improve trajectory tracking performance for a robot manipulator. The proposed controller
ensures that the positions of the joints track the desired trajectory, synchronize
the errors, and significantly reduces chattering. First, the synchronous tracking
errors and synchronous sliding surfaces are presented. Second, the synchronous
tracking error dynamics are determined. Third, a robust adaptive control law is
designed,the unknown components of the model are estimated online by the neural network, and the parameters of the switching elements are selected by fuzzy
logic. The built algorithm ensures that the tracking and approximation errors
are ultimately uniformly bounded (UUB). Finally, the effectiveness of the constructed algorithm is demonstrated through simulation and experimental results.
Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed controller is effective with small synchronous tracking errors, and the chattering phenomenon is
significantly reduced.
Remote field-programmable gate array laboratory for signal acquisition and de...IJECEIAES
A remote laboratory utilizing field-programmable gate array (FPGA) technologies enhances students’ learning experience anywhere and anytime in embedded system design. Existing remote laboratories prioritize hardware access and visual feedback for observing board behavior after programming, neglecting comprehensive debugging tools to resolve errors that require internal signal acquisition. This paper proposes a novel remote embeddedsystem design approach targeting FPGA technologies that are fully interactive via a web-based platform. Our solution provides FPGA board access and debugging capabilities beyond the visual feedback provided by existing remote laboratories. We implemented a lab module that allows users to seamlessly incorporate into their FPGA design. The module minimizes hardware resource utilization while enabling the acquisition of a large number of data samples from the signal during the experiments by adaptively compressing the signal prior to data transmission. The results demonstrate an average compression ratio of 2.90 across three benchmark signals, indicating efficient signal acquisition and effective debugging and analysis. This method allows users to acquire more data samples than conventional methods. The proposed lab allows students to remotely test and debug their designs, bridging the gap between theory and practice in embedded system design.
Detecting and resolving feature envy through automated machine learning and m...IJECEIAES
Efficiently identifying and resolving code smells enhances software project quality. This paper presents a novel solution, utilizing automated machine learning (AutoML) techniques, to detect code smells and apply move method refactoring. By evaluating code metrics before and after refactoring, we assessed its impact on coupling, complexity, and cohesion. Key contributions of this research include a unique dataset for code smell classification and the development of models using AutoGluon for optimal performance. Furthermore, the study identifies the top 20 influential features in classifying feature envy, a well-known code smell, stemming from excessive reliance on external classes. We also explored how move method refactoring addresses feature envy, revealing reduced coupling and complexity, and improved cohesion, ultimately enhancing code quality. In summary, this research offers an empirical, data-driven approach, integrating AutoML and move method refactoring to optimize software project quality. Insights gained shed light on the benefits of refactoring on code quality and the significance of specific features in detecting feature envy. Future research can expand to explore additional refactoring techniques and a broader range of code metrics, advancing software engineering practices and standards.
Smart monitoring technique for solar cell systems using internet of things ba...IJECEIAES
Rapidly and remotely monitoring and receiving the solar cell systems status parameters, solar irradiance, temperature, and humidity, are critical issues in enhancement their efficiency. Hence, in the present article an improved smart prototype of internet of things (IoT) technique based on embedded system through NodeMCU ESP8266 (ESP-12E) was carried out experimentally. Three different regions at Egypt; Luxor, Cairo, and El-Beheira cities were chosen to study their solar irradiance profile, temperature, and humidity by the proposed IoT system. The monitoring data of solar irradiance, temperature, and humidity were live visualized directly by Ubidots through hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) protocol. The measured solar power radiation in Luxor, Cairo, and El-Beheira ranged between 216-1000, 245-958, and 187-692 W/m 2 respectively during the solar day. The accuracy and rapidity of obtaining monitoring results using the proposed IoT system made it a strong candidate for application in monitoring solar cell systems. On the other hand, the obtained solar power radiation results of the three considered regions strongly candidate Luxor and Cairo as suitable places to build up a solar cells system station rather than El-Beheira.
An efficient security framework for intrusion detection and prevention in int...IJECEIAES
Over the past few years, the internet of things (IoT) has advanced to connect billions of smart devices to improve quality of life. However, anomalies or malicious intrusions pose several security loopholes, leading to performance degradation and threat to data security in IoT operations. Thereby, IoT security systems must keep an eye on and restrict unwanted events from occurring in the IoT network. Recently, various technical solutions based on machine learning (ML) models have been derived towards identifying and restricting unwanted events in IoT. However, most ML-based approaches are prone to miss-classification due to inappropriate feature selection. Additionally, most ML approaches applied to intrusion detection and prevention consider supervised learning, which requires a large amount of labeled data to be trained. Consequently, such complex datasets are impossible to source in a large network like IoT. To address this problem, this proposed study introduces an efficient learning mechanism to strengthen the IoT security aspects. The proposed algorithm incorporates supervised and unsupervised approaches to improve the learning models for intrusion detection and mitigation. Compared with the related works, the experimental outcome shows that the model performs well in a benchmark dataset. It accomplishes an improved detection accuracy of approximately 99.21%.
Unblocking The Main Thread - Solving ANRs and Frozen FramesSinan KOZAK
In the realm of Android development, the main thread is our stage, but too often, it becomes a battleground where performance issues arise, leading to ANRS, frozen frames, and sluggish Uls. As we strive for excellence in user experience, understanding and optimizing the main thread becomes essential to prevent these common perforrmance bottlenecks. We have strategies and best practices for keeping the main thread uncluttered. We'll examine the root causes of performance issues and techniques for monitoring and improving main thread health as wel as app performance. In this talk, participants will walk away with practical knowledge on enhancing app performance by mastering the main thread. We'll share proven approaches to eliminate real-life ANRS and frozen frames to build apps that deliver butter smooth experience.
A brief introduction to quadcopter (drone) working. It provides an overview of flight stability, dynamics, general control system block diagram, and the electronic hardware.
A vernier caliper is a precision instrument used to measure dimensions with high accuracy. It can measure internal and external dimensions, as well as depths.
Here is a detailed description of its parts and how to use it.
Best Practices of Clothing Businesses in Talavera, Nueva Ecija, A Foundation ...IJAEMSJORNAL
This study primarily aimed to determine the best practices of clothing businesses to use it as a foundation of strategic business advancements. Moreover, the frequency with which the business's best practices are tracked, which best practices are the most targeted of the apparel firms to be retained, and how does best practices can be used as strategic business advancement. The respondents of the study is the owners of clothing businesses in Talavera, Nueva Ecija. Data were collected and analyzed using a quantitative approach and utilizing a descriptive research design. Unveiling best practices of clothing businesses as a foundation for strategic business advancement through statistical analysis: frequency and percentage, and weighted means analyzing the data in terms of identifying the most to the least important performance indicators of the businesses among all of the variables. Based on the survey conducted on clothing businesses in Talavera, Nueva Ecija, several best practices emerge across different areas of business operations. These practices are categorized into three main sections, section one being the Business Profile and Legal Requirements, followed by the tracking of indicators in terms of Product, Place, Promotion, and Price, and Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) covering finance, marketing, production, technical, and distribution aspects. The research study delved into identifying the core best practices of clothing businesses, serving as a strategic guide for their advancement. Through meticulous analysis, several key findings emerged. Firstly, prioritizing product factors, such as maintaining optimal stock levels and maximizing customer satisfaction, was deemed essential for driving sales and fostering loyalty. Additionally, selecting the right store location was crucial for visibility and accessibility, directly impacting footfall and sales. Vigilance towards competitors and demographic shifts was highlighted as essential for maintaining relevance. Understanding the relationship between marketing spend and customer acquisition proved pivotal for optimizing budgets and achieving a higher ROI. Strategic analysis of profit margins across clothing items emerged as crucial for maximizing profitability and revenue. Creating a positive customer experience, investing in employee training, and implementing effective inventory management practices were also identified as critical success factors. In essence, these findings underscored the holistic approach needed for sustainable growth in the clothing business, emphasizing the importance of product management, marketing strategies, customer experience, and operational efficiency.
In May 2024, globally renowned natural diamond crafting company Shree Ramkrishna Exports Pvt. Ltd. (SRK) became the first company in the world to achieve GNFZ’s final net zero certification for existing buildings, for its two two flagship crafting facilities SRK House and SRK Empire. Initially targeting 2030 to reach net zero, SRK joined forces with the Global Network for Zero (GNFZ) to accelerate its target to 2024 — a trailblazing achievement toward emissions elimination.
Development of Chatbot Using AI/ML Technologiesmaisnampibarel
The rapid advancements in artificial intelligence and natural language processing have significantly transformed human-computer interactions. This thesis presents the design, development, and evaluation of an intelligent chatbot capable of engaging in natural and meaningful conversations with users. The chatbot leverages state-of-the-art deep learning techniques, including transformer-based architectures, to understand and generate human-like responses.
Key contributions of this research include the implementation of a context- aware conversational model that can maintain coherent dialogue over extended interactions. The chatbot's performance is evaluated through both automated metrics and user studies, demonstrating its effectiveness in various applications such as customer service, mental health support, and educational assistance. Additionally, ethical considerations and potential biases in chatbot responses are examined to ensure the responsible deployment of this technology.
The findings of this thesis highlight the potential of intelligent chatbots to enhance user experience and provide valuable insights for future developments in conversational AI.
How to Manage Internal Notes in Odoo 17 POSCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to leverage internal notes within Odoo 17 POS to enhance communication and streamline operations. Internal notes provide a platform for staff to exchange crucial information regarding orders, customers, or specific tasks, all while remaining invisible to the customer. This fosters improved collaboration and ensures everyone on the team is on the same page.
Social media management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The project "Social Media Platform in Object-Oriented Modeling" aims to design
and model a robust and scalable social media platform using object-oriented
modeling principles. In the age of digital communication, social media platforms
have become indispensable for connecting people, sharing content, and fostering
online communities. However, their complex nature requires meticulous planning
and organization.This project addresses the challenge of creating a feature-rich and
user-friendly social media platform by applying key object-oriented modeling
concepts. It entails the identification and definition of essential objects such as
"User," "Post," "Comment," and "Notification," each encapsulating specific
attributes and behaviors. Relationships between these objects, such as friendships,
content interactions, and notifications, are meticulously established.The project
emphasizes encapsulation to maintain data integrity, inheritance for shared behaviors
among objects, and polymorphism for flexible content handling. Use case diagrams
depict user interactions, while sequence diagrams showcase the flow of interactions
during critical scenarios. Class diagrams provide an overarching view of the system's
architecture, including classes, attributes, and methods .By undertaking this project,
we aim to create a modular, maintainable, and user-centric social media platform that
adheres to best practices in object-oriented modeling. Such a platform will offer users
a seamless and secure online social experience while facilitating future enhancements
and adaptability to changing user needs.
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Figure 1. Blcok diagram for gureproposed system
2. RELATED WORK
The survey covers two topics. The first includes the use of the wireless sensor network in
automation and industrial applications. The second is the using of the national instrument software and
hardware to implementation the automaton based on NI WSN.
There are recent efforts that deal with using wireless Sensor Network in industrial application. The
interesting sides were advantages of wireless technologies beyond the wire technologies, where:
a. Waqas Ikram & Nina F. Thornhill, 2010 [1] presents the problems of wired technologies in industrial
applications and the benefits of technologies that use wireless communication. In the study, the
researcher concludes that low power and short range wireless communication are suitable for industrial
automation applications.
b. Gang Zhao & Davis, 2011 [2] show that the wireless sensor network bring several advantages over
wired technologies for monitoring and control of industrial systems, in the study, the researcher present
the challenges that face the transition from wired to wireless as power management, smart routing and
self healing.
c. Dr. P.Velmani, 2013 [3] demonstrates the possibility to apply the wireless sensor network in industrial
applications by use of a small detector system, stratified Analyzer to a micro electro mechanical system
and data acquisition of machine vision. Also the author showed that there are two types of WSN use in
industrial fields, the first is the intelligent management of industry and the second is the secure
management of industries. Where machine vision system, smart transmitter, process monitoring and
building automation are classified as intelligent industrial management and fire alarm, leak detection,
unauthorized vehicle detection and smoke detection are classified as secure industrial management.
Also the author shows the challenges that face migrating from wired to WSN technologies are coverage
area, the signal strength, balance between battery life and rate of data update, WSN protocols, wireless
security and quality of service requirements.
d. A. Ajith Kumar S., Knut Ø vsthus, Lars M. Kristensen, 2014 [4] show that there are differences
between the conventional WSN and industrial WSN (IWSN) where industrial application need specific
protocols based on certain factors. The authors refer to main factor must be not change when replace the
wired with IWSN technologies, quality of service (Qos) is the main factor, at same time low cost low
power IWSN. According to the author there are six classes of the industrial system, they are safety
system, close loop regulatory system, close loop supervisory system, open loop control system, alerting
system and information gathering system. According to these class requirements the protocols of
medium access control, transport and routing function will be selected.
National instruments introduce LABVIEW software and its supported hardware as NI WSN and data
acquisitions (DAC). There are good works to implement automation and industrial application by
LABVIEW software and NI products, as bellow:
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e. Basil Hamed, 2012 [5] presents the automation system for smart house using LABVIEW software as a
main controller, although there are sub controllers locally remote controlled and globally through
internet controller. The control system can monitor the temperature, lighting, humidity, gas density, fire
and burglar security alarms. The system consists of five subsystems, security, lighting, remote control,
temperature and main house power subsystems. There are two interfaces, computer and remote
controller interface.
f. S. Rajesh Kumar & S. Rameshkumar, 2013 [6] propose control and monitoring system using data
acquisition and LABVIEW. Temperature sensor with DAQ and LABVIEW software used to implement
the control system. Author concludes that the use of Ethernet in industrial automation is a good solution
because of speed of Ethernet that reach up Gbps.
g. S. Sathiysmoorthy, 2014 [7] shows that the machine vision offers the best solution for quality control in
industrial applications. Dimensional measurements, process control of the image processing and optical
character recognition (OCR) techniques are used to checking products parts in finishing stage of the
production line. Machine Vision (MV) approach provides the automatic inspection based on the image
processing. MV has three parts image acquisition, image processing and controller decision. The optical
gauging of shaft, engine assembly and inspection of level and cap of bottle are machine vision
applications presented in the work. Author concludes that the using of MV in industrial applications
reduce the cost and subsequent stages of production and improve the quality of products.
h. Poornendu K, Manoj G & Kannan E. P., 2015 [8] present monitoring and controlling thermal power
plant parameters such as pressure, humidity, and temperature. The two parts of the system are hardware
and software. The hardware part consists of wireless transceiver and microcontroller, but the software
part built within LABVIEW where serial port used in virtual instrument system architecture (VISA).
The authors conclude that the system gives efficient results in monitoring and data acquisition.
i. A. Dhadiwiwal , Payal Disoja & Prof Amit H. Palve, 2015 [9] show that the smart power control in
industrials, large and small buildings are the best solution to power loss due to the working of
unnecessary loads, because of the state monitoring of electrical devices in the building using WSN
technology. The system implemented by the microcontroller which led to flexible, low cost and robust
system.
3. THE PROPOSED SYSTEM
Figure 2 shows the main component of a fuel station and its equipments. The fuel station is the
industrial location where fuel is dispensed into the fuel tank of cars or fuel containers. Fuel station consists of
the following components, storage tank, fuel dispenser, submersible pump, filling pump, and filling system.
Figure 2. Fuel station components
The main goal of the proposed system is to design a fuel station controller to automate and monitor
the main activities of fuel station. The main activities in the fuel station which deal with in researcher work
are, main tank and car tank filing system automation, fire protection system, and temperature protection
system, internal and external lighting system. The tools that used in this work are NI WSN system, laptop,
LABVIEW software, microcontroller, temperature sensor, smoke sensor, water detector, level sensor
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emulator, density sensor emulator, globallocal power source emulator, and photo sensor. The NI WSN
system contains gateway node, end node, and routing node which forms the WSN system. The WSN system
is responsible to receive sensor data from sensors and transmit commands to the actuators and to the main
station (Laptop). The laptop used as hardware that responsible to execute the main soft controller. The main
controller was being built by the LABVIEW software. The microcontroller is used to implement the main
system without WSN as pre model and used as assistance with the WSN to read information and transfer
command to the main controller. Temperature and smoke sensors used to give information about the fuel
station environment to decide if the state is safe or unsafe. The level sensor emulator and the density sensor
emulator used to give information for the main controller to control operation of submersible pumps, fuel
dispenser, and the main tank filling system. The globallocal power source emulator used to emulate the
working of main power supply (global source) and local power supply (power generator set). The mission of
globallocal power source emulator is to give information for the automatic power changer system to decide
which power is appear and provide the proper commands. Photo sensor used to provide information about
light intensity for the main controller to control the lighting system internal and external locations of the fuel
station. Figure 3 is briefly illustrating to the proposed system where the heart of system is the main controller
(Laptop).The main controller connected to the sensors and the actuators wirelessly through the WSN and
connected to sub controllers logically (through the LABVIEW software).The remote actuators connected to
NI WSN end nodes via power Isolators as photo couplers or relays. The local actuators connected to the local
sub controller via USB cable and power insulator. Where the elements of the Figure 3 defined by the Table 1.
Figure 3. Proposed system implementation
Table 1. The Definitions of the Proposed System Elements
No. Component No. Component
1 ANPR system (beyond the paper scope) 15 Temperature sensor
2 WSN components 16 Light sensor
3 PAC “programmable automation controller” 17 Main fuel tank
4 WSN end node 18 Smoke sensor
5 WSN gateway 19 Generator sets
6 Environmental sensors 20 Water pump
7 Microcontroller (Arduino) 21 Fuel dispenser
8 Generator sets, sensors 22 Submersible motor
9 Power distribution panel 23 Filling motor
10 Fuel station equipments 24 Lighting sources
11 Wire connection 25 Engine oil Pressure sensor
12 Wireless connection 26 Engine temperature sensor
13 Distance sensor (level sensor) 27 Camera
14 Density sensor 28 Water sensor
The systems that contained within the proposed system are fire protection system, high temperature
protection system, automatic power changer system, level controller system, and lighting controller system
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which implemented as:
3.1. Fire protection system
Figure 4 shows that the user interface of the fire protection system. The system inputs are type of
protection, temperature threshold value, temperature sensor value, smoke sensor, and jump fire alarm. The
output of the fire protection system is the fire alarm. The first case of fire detected (fire alarm = on) and the
second case is no fire detected (fire alarm=off) or normal state. The sensors which used are LM35 as the
temperature sensor and MQ-2 as smoke sensor. LM35 is the analogue sensor has the data sheet in reference
[10] and MQ-2 used as digital smoke sensor which gives an indicator under specific conditions, according to
the factory settings, its data sheet in reference [11]. The LABVIEW code that achieves the fire protection
system shown in the Figure 5.
Figure 4. User interface of fire protection system
Figure 5. Fire protection system code
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3.2. High temperature protection system
The nature of fuel station makes the working equipments (dispensers, filling system...) in direct
contact with the outer environment factors as ambient temperature which increases in the summer season in
Iraq. Also the probability of an accident is directly proportional to increase the temperature above the normal
state in the flammable environment. High temperature protection system was introduced to protect these
equipments against an abnormal increase in the ambient temperature, The temperature controller uses simple
techniques to overcome the oscillation phenomena which make the system unstable. This technique clearly
explained in the Figure 6 where the output may be on or off for the specific overlaps interval (R2 and R4)
which lie between the minimums and maximums allowable intervals for upper and lower levels. Without this
technique, the system oscillates between switching on and off of the loads if the sensor data swing about the
threshold value. The user interface of the high temperature subsystem is shown in the Figure 7.
Figure 6. Oscillation prevention technique Figure 7. User interface of high temperature protection system
3.3. Automatic power changer system
Unfortunately the general power source in Iraq has problems making the local power source
necessary to make the fuel station services available along the working time. The automatic power changer
system used to control the activities of changing, checking the power state, and checking the health of the
generator set. The system tested by using the emulator card that's designed to emulate the behavior of the
power sources (global and local power sources). Figure 8 shows the controller user interface on the front
panel of the LABVIEW. This user interface makes the user freely to select the operating mode and adjust the
normal temperature of the engine and the time of the engine starter motor.
Figure 8. User interface of automatic power changer
7. Int J Elec & Comp Eng ISSN: 2088-8708
Fuel Station Monitoring and Automation based on WSN (Ehab Abdul Razzaq Hussein)
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3.4. Level controller system
The main service of the fuel station is providing the fuel for the vehicles. A level controller system
designed to protect the quality of the fuel and make the service provided by the fuel station better. The
outputs of the level controller system are dispensing motor controller, submersible motor controller and
filling motor controller. The data that entered into the controller are level sensor, density sensor, and water
sensor data. Level sensor and density sensor replaced by a potentiometer to emulate its behavior. The anti
oscillation technique used to prevent the oscillation of the lodes that depend on the level controller system.
Figure 9 shows the user interface of the level controller system.
Figure 9. User interface of level and density controller system
4. RESULTS
The results of the subsystems which have affected on the same actuators make the results
ambiguous for individual subsystem. The Activatedeactivate subsystems strategy used to solve this problem.
The Activation used to the under test subsystem and deactivation for the others. Activation by varying the
inputs of the system and get the results. Deactivation by making inputs in normal mode or eliminate system
affect by jumping the subsystem alarm. The results of the main controller subsystems illustrated in Table 2,
Table 3, Table 4, Table 5, and Table 6.
Table 2. The Results of Fire Protection Controller
No.
Smoke
Sensor (0,1)
Temperature
Sensor (C°)
Fire System
type
Fire
Buzzer
Fire Fighting
Controller
Filling Motor
Controller
Dispenser
Controller
Submersible
Controller
1 0 <70 Compound Off Off On On On
2 0 >70 Compound On On Off Off Off
3 1 <70 Compound On On Off Off Off
4 1 >70 Compound On On Off Off Off
5 0 <70 Smoke sensor Off Off On On On
6 0 >70 Smoke sensor Off Off On On On
7 1 <70 Smoke sensor On On Off Off Off
8 1 >70 Smoke sensor On On Off Off Off
9 0 <70
Temperature
sensor
Off Off On On On
10 0 >70
Temperature
sensor
On On Off Off Off
11 1 <70
Temperature
sensor
Off Off On On On
12 1 >70
Temperature
sensor
On On Off Off Off
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3654
Table 3. The Results of Temperature Protection Controller
No.
Temperature
Sensor (C°)
FillingMotor
Controller
Dispenser
Controller
Submersible
Controller
Last
Case
Present
Case
1 1 5<TS<45 5<TS<45 On On
2 2 5<TS<45 45<TS<50 On On
3 3 5<TS<45 1<TS<5 On On
4 4 45<TS<50 45<TS<50 Same last out Same last out
5 5 45<TS<50 TS>50 Off Off
6 6 1<TS<5 1<TS<5 Same last out Same last out
7 7 1<TS<5 TS<1 Off Off
8 8 TS>50 TS>50 Off Off
9 9 TS>50 45<TS<50 Off Off
10 10 TS<1 1<TS<5 Off Off
11 11 TS<1 TS<1 Off Off
Table 4. The Results of Level Controller
No
Level controller Density
sensor
Dispenser
controller
Submersible
controller
Filling motor
controllerLast Case Present Case
1 Y<LS<J Y<LS<J 1 On On On
2 Y<LS<J J<LS<K 1 On On On
3 Y<LS<J X<LS<Y 1 On On On
4 J<LS<K J<LS<K 1 Same last out Same last out Same last out
5 J<LS<K LS>K 1 On On Off
6 X<LS<Y X<LS<Y 1 Same last out Same last out Same last out
7 X<LS<Y LS<X 1 Off Off On
8 LS>K LS>K 1 On On Off
9 LS>K J<LS<K 1 On On Off
10 LS<X X<LS<Y 1 Off Off On
11 LS<X LS<X 1 Off Off On
12 Y<LS<J Y<LS<J 0 On On Off
13 Y<LS<J J<LS<K 0 On On Off
14 Y<LS<J X<LS<Y 0 On On Off
15 J<LS<K J<LS<K 0 Same last out Same last out Off
16 J<LS<K LS>K 0 Off Off Off
17 X<LS<Y X<LS<Y 0 Same last out Same last out Off
18 X<LS<Y LS<X 0 Off Off Off
19 LS>K LS>K 0 On On Off
20 LS>K J<LS<K 0 On On Off
21 LS<X X<LS<Y 0 Off Off Off
Table 5. Automatic Power Changer Results Class A
No.
Globalsourcesensor
Localsourcesensor
Phasefailuresensor
Generator
Sets
Globalsource
controller
Localsource
controller
Ignitioncontroller
Startercontroller
Pressure
Sensor
Temperature
Sensor
1 1 0 0 d d 0 0 1 1
2 1 d 1 d d 1 0 0 0
9. Int J Elec & Comp Eng ISSN: 2088-8708
Fuel Station Monitoring and Automation based on WSN (Ehab Abdul Razzaq Hussein)
3655
Table 6. Automatic Power Changer Results Class B
No.
Globalsourcesensor
Localsourcesensor
Phasefailuresensor
Generator sets
Globalsourcecontroller
Localsourcecontroller
Ignitioncontroller
Startercontroller
Notes
PressureSensor
Temperature
Sensor
1 1 0 0 d d 0 0 1 1
Input States
2 0 0 d d d 0 0 1 1
3 0 0 d d d 0 0 1 1
Second
Attempt
4 0 0 d d d 0 0 1 1 Third Attempt
5 0 1 1 1 <90 0 1 1 0
Normal Local
Source
6 0 1 1 d >90 0 0 0 0
High
temperature
7 0 1 1 0 d 0 0 0 0
Low Oil
Pressure
8 0 1 0 d d 0 0 0 0
9 0 0 d d d 0 0 0 0
The Engine
Fails to Run
5. RESULTS DISCUSSIONS
The results of the fire protection controller presented in Table 2, where jump fire protection button
deactivated. When jump fire button activated the system don’t work and still without action. The buttons
above reached through the user interface of the fire protection system shown in the Figure 4. Also the smoke
sensor, temperature sensor, fire protection type, fire buzzer, and actuator controllers that found on top of the
Table 2 are appearing in the user interface of the fire protection controller. The combination of the user
interface with the results table gives a good view of the fire protection performance.The results of the normal
temperature controller are shown in Table 3, where jump temperature protection button deactivated. When
jump temperature protection button activated the system don’t work and still without action.The level
controller results are shown in Table 4. The results depend on the level sensor (variable resistance), density
sensor (variable resistance), and water sensor. The outputs of the controller concern with dispenser,
submersible, and filling motor controllers. Although the conditions of work needed for dispenser and
submersible same, but there are inherent dependencies of the submersible on dispensers, where submersible
don’t run else at least one dispenser in on mode. In case of water sensor detect water in fuel tank, the outputs
of controller turn off the filling, dispensing, and submersible motor and an alarm of high (unaccepted water
content) water content in the fuel tank. In the density sensor field the “1”.
Mean the density of fuel in the filing system in the pre specified range of fuel type. The variables
(X, Y, J, K) represent the level limits upper and lower limits which specified by a user through the user
interface in Figure 8. This limit used to create guides between operating regions of the anti oscillation
controller shown in Figure 5. The results of the automatic power changer are shown in classes as in Tables 5,
and 6. The results are on (Automatic) mode only where there are three another results come from another
three modes of operation. The modes else on mode are off, local source only, and global source only. The
“off” mode makes outs of the controller in the “off” state. The local source only mode makes the global
source controller in the “off” state and manually operation of generator set (local source). The global source
only mode makes the local source controller in the “off” state and global source controller in the “on” state.
The on mode is the automatic mode, which changes the power source according to the presence or absence of
the global source power. Table 5 shows the results under presence of global power source and normal and
abnormal phase voltage quality. The letter “d” referee to don’t care input.
Table 6 shows the results under the absence of the global power source of the No. “1” in the
Table 6, where the controller tries to turn on the local generator set then check the presence of the local
power and engine sensors. Maximum number of turns on trying is three consequent attempts. The letter “d”
referee to don’t care input.
6. CONCLUSIONS
This paper demonstrates to an automation and monitoring controller, which used NI WSN and
Arduino microcontroller. The controller, which developed by LABVIEW environment tested and give good
10. ISSN: 2088-8708
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results which encourage the researcher to imply the developed code for the NI reconfigure able input output
device which make the controller applicable to real-time application.
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BIOGRAPHIES OF AUTHORS
Ehab Abdul Razzaq Hussein, PhD. MSc. Electrical Engineering was born in Babylon on
January 1, 1976. He obtained his BSc degree (1997) in Electrical Engineering at the Faculty of
Engineering, University of Babylon and MSc degree (2000), in electrical engineering at the
Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Technology and his PhD. Degree from the
Department of Electrical Engineering at the Faculty of Engineering, University of Basrah,
Currently he works as assistant professor at the Electrical Department at the Faculty of
Engineering, University of Babylon. His main interest is signal processing, analysis, information
transition, sensors and control system analysis.
Mahran Obaid Waheed, Electrical Engineer was born in Babylon, 1982. He obtained his BCs
degree (2005) in Electrical Engineering at the Faculty of Engineering, University of Babylon.
Currently he is studying for a master's degree in Electrical Engineering at the Faculty of
Engineering, University of Babylon. His main interest is signal processing, analysis, measurement
and calibration unit and control system analysis.