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Firewall
Firewall
Contents
 Introduction
 What is a Firewall
 How it works
 Applications of Firewall
 Software Firewall vs Hardware Firewall
 History
 Design goals for Firewall
Contents…
 Types
 Role of Firewall
 What about Viruses
 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 Conclusion

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Firewall ( Cyber Security)
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This document provides information about firewalls, including definitions, design principles, characteristics, and types. It defines a firewall as software that monitors incoming and outgoing network traffic to protect networks. Firewalls are designed to establish a controlled link between networks and protect internal networks from external attacks. There are three main types of firewalls: packet-filtering routers, application-level gateways, and circuit-level gateways. Packet-filtering routers apply rules to IP packets to forward or discard them, while application-level gateways act as proxies for application traffic. Circuit-level gateways determine which network connections are allowed.

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A firewall is hardware or software that filters network traffic by allowing or denying transmission based on a set of rules to protect networks from unauthorized access. There are two main types - network layer firewalls which filter at the IP address and port level, and application layer firewalls which can filter traffic from specific applications like FTP or HTTP. A DMZ (demilitarized zone) is a physical or logical sub-network exposed to an untrusted network like the internet that contains external-facing services, protected from internal networks by firewalls. Firewalls provide security benefits like restricting access to authorized users and preventing intrusions from untrusted networks.

Introduction
 The Internet has made large amount of information available to
the average computer user at home, in business and education.
 For many people, having access to this information is no longer
just an advantage; it is essential.
 Therefore, security of network is the main criteria here and
firewalls provide this security.
What is a Firewall?
 A Firewall is simply a program or hardware device that
filters the information coming through the internet
connection into your private network or computer system.
How it works???
 The protocol that computers use to communicate on
the internet is called ‘ TCP/IP ‘.
 Every computer on the internet has a unique internet
protocol (IP Address) and each computer has a series
of ‘ ports ‘ used to communicate with other
computers.
 Ex: HTTP (Web pages)- Port 80 FTP (file)- Port 21
What is an application firewall?
 An application firewall is a special firewall that is specifically
coded for the type of traffic it is inspecting.
 The most widely developed application firewall is the web
application firewall.

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A firewall is a system or group of systems that controls network traffic between trusted and untrusted networks according to pre-configured rules. There are different types of firewalls including packet filtering, stateful packet inspection, application-level gateways, and circuit-level gateways. Firewalls work by examining packets and filtering traffic based on criteria like source/destination addresses and ports to enforce a security policy between networks.

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A firewall is hardware or software that inspects network traffic and allows or denies passage based on rules. It provides security between networks and protects local systems from network threats while allowing internet access. Firewalls can filter packets, monitor security events, and implement VPNs. They are limited as they cannot protect against all threats, like attacks that bypass the firewall or internal threats. Firewalls are classified by the protocol level they control, including packet filtering, circuit gateways, and application gateways.

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Firewall provides security for networks by controlling access between internal and external networks. There are different types of firewalls including packet filters, application-level gateways, and circuit-level gateways. A packet filter firewall applies rules to IP packets to determine whether to forward or discard them based on information like source/destination addresses and ports. An application-level gateway provides additional security over a packet filter by requiring traffic to go through a proxy for each application/protocol. A network-based firewall protects all computers on an internal network, while a host-based firewall protects only an individual computer.

Hardware firewall vs Software firewall
 Hardware firewalls are integrated into the router that sits
between a computer and the Internet.
 Software firewalls are installed on individual servers. They
intercept each connection request and then determine whether the
request is valid or not.
History of Firewalls…
 Firewall technology first began to emerge in the late 1980s.
Internet was still a fairly new technology in terms of its global
usage and connectivity.
 In 1988 an employee at the NASA Ames Research Center in
California sent a memo by email to his colleagues that read, "We
are currently under attack from an Internet VIRUS!
History of Firewalls…
 The first paper published on firewall technology was in 1988,
when Jeff Mogul from Digital Equipment Corp. developed filter
systems know as packet filter firewalls.
 One of the largest internet security companies in the world
released the product to the public in 1997.
Design goals for a firewall
 The first design goal for a firewall is that collectively
the sum of all the network traffic from internal to
external must go through the firewall physically
cutting off all access to the local network except via
the firewall.
 The second design goal would be only authorized
traffic which is delineated by the local security policy
will be allowed to proceed.
 Finally the last design goal is that the firewall itself is
resistant to penetration inclusive is a solid trustworthy
system with a protected operating system.

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Network security involves securing computer networks from threats and attacks. There are four main types of attacks: interruption, interception, modification, and fabrication. An attack generally involves initial information gathering, network probing, unauthorized access, capturing the network, and grabbing or destroying data. Intrusion detection systems monitor network activity for signs of intrusion and report alerts. There are two main types of IDS: knowledge-based which uses signatures, and behavior-based which monitors for anomalies. Virtual private networks provide a secure channel over untrusted networks using protocols like SSL and IPSec to authenticate users and encrypt data.

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The document provides an overview of firewalls, including: - Firewalls emerged in the 1980s and control traffic allowed between networks. They can block traffic by IP, port, or protocol. - Firewalls are implemented in hardware, software, or a combination. All messages entering or leaving a network pass through the firewall. - Packet filtering firewalls operate at the network and transport layers and allow or deny traffic based on source/destination, protocol, and ports. Application and circuit gateways function as proxies. - Common firewall types are packet filtering, application gateways, and circuit gateways. Hardware firewalls include Cisco, D-Link, and Palo Alto routers and filters.

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This presentation discusses different types of firewalls and their functions. It begins by defining a firewall as a device or software that controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on security rules. It then discusses hardware and software firewalls, with hardware firewalls protecting entire networks at the router level while software firewalls protect individual computers. The presentation also covers four main types of firewall techniques: packet filtering, application proxy, stateful inspection, and circuit-level gateways. It concludes by stating that while firewalls provide important security, no single tool can handle all security functions on its own.

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Types of firewalls
 Packet-filtering Router
Packet-filtering Router
 Applies a set of rules to each incoming IP packet and then
forwards or discards the packet
 Filter packets going in both directions
 The packet filter is typically set up as a list of rules based on
matches to fields in the IP or TCP header
 Two default policies (discard or forward)
Types of firewalls…
 Application-level Gateway
Application-level Gateway
 Also called proxy server
 Acts as a relay of application-level traffic

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The document discusses firewall implementation for a company called Acme. It describes how Acme can set up firewalls to restrict access between internal and external networks and between different internal departments. Packet filtering, proxy servers, and demilitarized zones are implemented to enforce access controls and monitor network traffic flow while protecting sensitive data. The completed Acme intranet design includes multiple firewalls configured in screened subnets and dual-homed gateways to secure remote access and internal information flows.

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A firewall is a hardware or software barrier that protects private networks from unauthorized access from outside networks. There are two main types - hardware firewalls which are physical devices installed between networks, and software firewalls which are installed on individual computers. Common firewall techniques include packet filtering, application gateways, circuit-level gateways, and bastion hosts. A firewall examines all incoming and outgoing network traffic and blocks unauthorized traffic based on predefined security rules.

Types of firewalls…
 Circuit-level Gateway
Circuit-level Gateway
 Stand-alone system or
 Specialized function performed by an Application-level
Gateway
 Sets up two TCP connections
 The gateway typically relays TCP segments from one
connection to the other without examining the contents
 The security function consists of determining which
connections will be allowed
The Role of Firewalls
 A firewall is a term used for a ``barrier'' between a network of
machines and users that operate under a common security policy
and generally trust each other, and the outside world.
 There are two basic reasons for using a firewall at present: to
save money in concentrating your security on a small number of
components, and to simplify the architecture of a system by
restricting access only to machines that trust each other.
What about Viruses???
 No, virus scanning is not the intended function of a
firewall. It only looks at header info or file type to
allow or block access.
 But some firewall comes with virus detecting
capability
 Firewalls are typically located at the boundary
between two networks.

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Firewall protection is the one that controls and monitors the network traffic whether it is incoming or outgoing on predetermined rules of security. It is basically a barrier or a shield applied specifically to save your PC, phone or tablet from the malwares of external world that exist in abundance on the internet.

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The document discusses intrusion prevention systems (IPS), which monitor network and system activity to identify and block malicious activity. It describes how IPS uses signature-based or anomaly-based detection methods to identify intrusions. IPS can be network-based, host-based, wireless, or focus on network behavior analysis. The document contrasts IPS with intrusion detection systems (IDS), which can only detect and report intrusions, while IPS can actively prevent them. It also compares IPS to firewalls, noting that IPS monitors for unwanted entries while firewalls regulate activity based on set rules.

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This document discusses different types of firewalls and how they work. It begins by explaining that firewalls come in many shapes and sizes, and sometimes a firewall is a collection of computers. All communication must pass through the firewall. It then discusses packet filters, stateful packet inspection engines, application gateways, and circuit-level gateways. Packet filters use transport layer information like IP addresses and port numbers to filter traffic. Stateful packet filters track client-server sessions to match return packets. Application gateways run proxy programs that filter traffic at the application layer. Circuit-level gateways filter traffic at the circuit level. A combination of these is known as a dynamic packet filter. The document also discusses additional firewall functions like network address

network security
Advantages of firewall
 Protocol filtering, where the firewall filters protocols and
services that are either not necessary or that cannot be
adequately secured from exploitation;
 Information hiding, in which a firewall can ``hide'' names of
internal systems or electronic mail addresses, thereby
revealing less information to outside hosts;
 Application gateways, where the firewall requires inside or
outside users to connect first to the firewall before
connecting further, thereby filtering the protocol;
Disadvantages of firewall
 The most obvious being that certain types of network access may
be hampered or even blocked for some hosts, including telnet,
ftp, X Windows, NFS, NIS, etc.
 A second disadvantage with a firewall system is that it
concentrates security in one spot as opposed to distributing it
among systems, thus a compromise of the firewall could be
disastrous to other less-protected systems on the subnet.
Conclusion
 One of the best things about a firewall from a security standpoint
is that it stops anyone on the outside from logging onto a
computer in your private network.
 While this is a big deal for businesses, most home networks will
probably not be threatened in this manner. Still, putting a firewall
in place provides some peace of mind.
References
 www.studymafia.org
 www.google.com
 www.wikipedia.com

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The document provides an overview of network security threats and countermeasures. It discusses various types of threats like viruses, denial of service attacks, and spoofing. It recommends a defense-in-depth approach using multiple layers of security like firewalls, intrusion detection systems, antivirus software, and encryption. Specific security measures are examined, including network monitoring, access control, and securing servers and applications.

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A security device which is configured to permit, deny or proxy data connections set by the organization's security policy. Firewalls can either be hardware or software based

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A firewall is hardware or software that protects private networks and computers from unauthorized access. There are different types of firewalls including packet filtering, application-level gateways, and circuit-level gateways. Firewalls work by inspecting packets and determining whether to allow or block them based on rules. They can protect networks and devices from hackers, enforce security policies, and log internet activity while limiting exposure to threats. However, firewalls cannot protect against insider threats, new types of threats, or viruses. Firewall configurations should be tested to ensure they are properly blocking unauthorized traffic as intended.

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Firewall

  • 3. Contents  Introduction  What is a Firewall  How it works  Applications of Firewall  Software Firewall vs Hardware Firewall  History  Design goals for Firewall
  • 4. Contents…  Types  Role of Firewall  What about Viruses  Advantages  Disadvantages  Conclusion
  • 5. Introduction  The Internet has made large amount of information available to the average computer user at home, in business and education.  For many people, having access to this information is no longer just an advantage; it is essential.  Therefore, security of network is the main criteria here and firewalls provide this security.
  • 6. What is a Firewall?  A Firewall is simply a program or hardware device that filters the information coming through the internet connection into your private network or computer system.
  • 7. How it works???  The protocol that computers use to communicate on the internet is called ‘ TCP/IP ‘.  Every computer on the internet has a unique internet protocol (IP Address) and each computer has a series of ‘ ports ‘ used to communicate with other computers.  Ex: HTTP (Web pages)- Port 80 FTP (file)- Port 21
  • 8. What is an application firewall?  An application firewall is a special firewall that is specifically coded for the type of traffic it is inspecting.  The most widely developed application firewall is the web application firewall.
  • 9. Hardware firewall vs Software firewall  Hardware firewalls are integrated into the router that sits between a computer and the Internet.  Software firewalls are installed on individual servers. They intercept each connection request and then determine whether the request is valid or not.
  • 10. History of Firewalls…  Firewall technology first began to emerge in the late 1980s. Internet was still a fairly new technology in terms of its global usage and connectivity.  In 1988 an employee at the NASA Ames Research Center in California sent a memo by email to his colleagues that read, "We are currently under attack from an Internet VIRUS!
  • 11. History of Firewalls…  The first paper published on firewall technology was in 1988, when Jeff Mogul from Digital Equipment Corp. developed filter systems know as packet filter firewalls.  One of the largest internet security companies in the world released the product to the public in 1997.
  • 12. Design goals for a firewall  The first design goal for a firewall is that collectively the sum of all the network traffic from internal to external must go through the firewall physically cutting off all access to the local network except via the firewall.  The second design goal would be only authorized traffic which is delineated by the local security policy will be allowed to proceed.  Finally the last design goal is that the firewall itself is resistant to penetration inclusive is a solid trustworthy system with a protected operating system.
  • 13. Types of firewalls  Packet-filtering Router
  • 14. Packet-filtering Router  Applies a set of rules to each incoming IP packet and then forwards or discards the packet  Filter packets going in both directions  The packet filter is typically set up as a list of rules based on matches to fields in the IP or TCP header  Two default policies (discard or forward)
  • 15. Types of firewalls…  Application-level Gateway
  • 16. Application-level Gateway  Also called proxy server  Acts as a relay of application-level traffic
  • 17. Types of firewalls…  Circuit-level Gateway
  • 18. Circuit-level Gateway  Stand-alone system or  Specialized function performed by an Application-level Gateway  Sets up two TCP connections  The gateway typically relays TCP segments from one connection to the other without examining the contents  The security function consists of determining which connections will be allowed
  • 19. The Role of Firewalls  A firewall is a term used for a ``barrier'' between a network of machines and users that operate under a common security policy and generally trust each other, and the outside world.  There are two basic reasons for using a firewall at present: to save money in concentrating your security on a small number of components, and to simplify the architecture of a system by restricting access only to machines that trust each other.
  • 20. What about Viruses???  No, virus scanning is not the intended function of a firewall. It only looks at header info or file type to allow or block access.  But some firewall comes with virus detecting capability  Firewalls are typically located at the boundary between two networks.
  • 21. Advantages of firewall  Protocol filtering, where the firewall filters protocols and services that are either not necessary or that cannot be adequately secured from exploitation;  Information hiding, in which a firewall can ``hide'' names of internal systems or electronic mail addresses, thereby revealing less information to outside hosts;  Application gateways, where the firewall requires inside or outside users to connect first to the firewall before connecting further, thereby filtering the protocol;
  • 22. Disadvantages of firewall  The most obvious being that certain types of network access may be hampered or even blocked for some hosts, including telnet, ftp, X Windows, NFS, NIS, etc.  A second disadvantage with a firewall system is that it concentrates security in one spot as opposed to distributing it among systems, thus a compromise of the firewall could be disastrous to other less-protected systems on the subnet.
  • 23. Conclusion  One of the best things about a firewall from a security standpoint is that it stops anyone on the outside from logging onto a computer in your private network.  While this is a big deal for businesses, most home networks will probably not be threatened in this manner. Still, putting a firewall in place provides some peace of mind.