Faradic Foot Bath, Faradism Under Pressure, Faradism Under Tension, Stimulation to Pelvic Floor Muscles SRS

Frenkel exercises are a series of movements developed to treat patients with loss of proprioception. The exercises start simple and increase in difficulty, using visual and auditory cues to facilitate restoration of smooth, coordinated movement. Key principles are concentration, precision, and repetition of movements like limb motions and transfers of weight. Exercises progress from lying to sitting to standing positions and incorporate movement of the legs, arms, and whole body. The goal is to improve coordination, balance, proprioception and control through attention to rhythmic counting and placement of limbs in specific positions.

This document discusses galvanic current and its use in stimulating denervated muscles. It defines galvanic current as a direct, unidirectional current that can cause pain due to its unidirectional nature. Interrupted galvanic current is introduced to overcome this by providing regular pauses in stimulation. Stimulating denervated muscles with galvanic current can help limit atrophy and edema until reinnervation occurs. Precautions must be taken when applying galvanic current due to potential dangers like burns or electric shock.

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) lies between visible light and X-rays in the electromagnetic spectrum. The document discusses the different types of UVR (UVA, UVB, UVC), their effects on the skin like sunburn, tanning, and skin cancer. It also summarizes therapeutic uses of UVR for various skin conditions like psoriasis, acne, and wounds. Determining the minimal erythemal dose (MED) through a skin test is described as the basis for calculating safe UVR dosages for patients.

The document discusses static and dynamic stability of the glenohumeral joint. Statically, the joint is stabilized by the humeral head resting in the glenoid fossa, creating negative pressure. The rotator cuff muscles and deltoid provide a vertical force to counteract gravity. Dynamically, the deltoid, rotator cuff, biceps and scapulohumeral rhythm work together to precisely guide humeral movement and stabilize the joint throughout its range of motion. Scapulohumeral rhythm involves greater scapular movement in the first 90 degrees of arm elevation compared to humeral movement.

a detailed description on theory behind Strength duration curve, along with procedure for plotting SD Curve and measuring the Rheobase and Chronaxie of the plotted graph.

Contrast bath therapy involves soaking an injured area in alternating hot and cold water baths to increase blood flow and decrease stiffness and pain. The physiological mechanism is that it induces vasodilation and vasoconstriction through changes in water temperature, pumping edema from the injured area. The procedure involves soaking in warm water for 10 minutes, cold water for 1 minute, repeating warm water for 4 minutes and cold water for 1 minute, ending in warm water for 4 minutes for a total time of 25 minutes. Contrast baths can treat injuries like sprains, strains and bruises by removing edema through changes in blood flow. Certain precautions should be taken for conditions like open wounds, pregnancy and impaired sensation.

The document discusses proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF), a technique developed by Herman Kabat that uses movements and patterns to improve neuromuscular function. It defines key PNF terms and outlines principles such as motor development occurring from head to toe. The basic procedures are described, including manual contacts, stretch, and maximal resistance. Upper and lower extremity diagonal patterns are explained along with their component motions. Rhythmic initiation is also summarized.

Stretching involves applying tension to muscles and connective tissues to increase flexibility and range of motion. There are several types of stretching including static, cyclic, ballistic, PNF, and mechanical. The key factors in stretching are proper alignment, stabilization, low intensity, and long duration to minimize muscle resistance and maximize tissue elongation. Stretching can be done manually, through self-stretching exercises, or using mechanical devices.

The document defines and describes various aspects of resistance exercises. It discusses types of muscle contractions like isotonic, isometric and eccentric. It explains principles of resistance training like overload and specificity. It describes adaptations to resistance training including neural, muscular and bone changes. Determinants of resistance training programs are outlined including intensity, time, volume and periodization. Guidelines for progressive resistance exercises and precautions are provided.

This document summarizes fluidotherapy, a dry heating modality. It transfers heat to the body through convection using a cabinet containing heated air and finely ground cellulose particles. This creates a fluid-like medium allowing limbs to float and exercises to be performed. Key effects include increased blood flow, pain relief and improved range of motion. It is used to treat distal extremities for conditions like pain, swelling and post-operative rehabilitation. Contraindications include fever, anesthesia or severe circulatory issues. Advantages include ease of use and allowing some active exercise in a comfortable, dry environment.

The document discusses the scapulohumeral rhythm, which is the coordinated movement between the glenohumeral joint and scapulothoracic joint during shoulder movement. Specifically, it notes that for every 2 degrees of shoulder abduction or flexion, the scapula upwardly rotates approximately 1 degree. This ratio maintains proper shoulder range of motion and prevents impingement. Clinical issues like frozen shoulder and scapular winging can result from impairments affecting the scapulothoracic joint.

This document provides information about faradic current, including its nature, therapeutic and physiological effects, techniques of application, indications, contraindications, and clinical applications. It describes faradic current as an asymmetrical alternating current with a pulse duration of 0.1-1 ms and frequency of 30-100 Hz. The document discusses the effects of faradic current such as stimulation of sensory and motor nerves and reduction of swelling and pain. It outlines various methods and techniques of faradic current application for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, as well as precautions and potential dangers of its use.

The Faradic Galvanic (FG) test assesses lower motor neuron problems by stimulating muscles with different electric currents. A brief tetanic contraction indicates intact innervation, while a sluggish response suggests denervation. The test involves using faradic current to search for motor points and elicit fast contractions in innervated muscles. Galvanic current then produces slow contractions in denervated muscles. However, the FG test is inaccurate and unreliable, correctly interpreting muscle reactions in only 50% of cases.

This document discusses whirlpool bath therapy. It describes how whirlpool baths combine water temperature and mechanical stimulation from jets of water or air to provide therapeutic benefits. Different types of whirlpool baths are used for specific body parts or full immersion. Benefits include pain relief, relaxation of muscles, improved circulation, and preparation for other treatments. Proper technique and monitoring for safety is important when using whirlpool baths.

posture analysis and alignment in different views, deformities of different parts of the body segments

suspension therapy in details with the principles, indications, benefits, advantages and disadvantages, materials required for performing activities using suspension techniques.

This document discusses different types of voluntary movements used in physical therapy exercises. It classifies exercises as free, assisted, assisted-resisted, or resisted based on whether they involve gravity, external assistance, or resistance. Free exercises work against gravity alone and are used to improve relaxation, muscle tone, coordination, and confidence. They can help cure or rehabilitate patients, though some patients may be unable to perform them. The document outlines techniques for free exercises and their effects, including improved relaxation, joint mobility, muscle power, neuromuscular coordination, and confidence. It also describes circulatory and respiratory changes that occur with exercise like increased heart rate, blood flow, and respiration to meet tissue needs and regulate functions.

Low frequency stimulation, Faradic Foot Bath, Faradism Under Pressure, Faradism Under Tension, stimulation to Pelvic Floor Muscles, physiotherapy

This document discusses quadriceps inhibition, including its causes and treatment using electrotherapy. It begins with an overview of quadriceps anatomy. Common causes of quadriceps inhibition include fractures of the femur, meniscal injuries, traumatic knee synovitis, and soft tissue injuries around the knee. The treatment procedure involves examining and preparing the patient, setting up the electrotherapy apparatus, placing electrodes on the thigh, and administering a current to contract the quadriceps muscle and reduce inhibition. The treatment is administered with the patient in a half-lying position with the knee flexed at 15 degrees.

The document discusses various types and methods of traction used in orthopedics. It describes skin traction and skeletal traction, indicating skin traction is usually limited to 15 lbs while skeletal traction allows for higher weights. Various traction methods are outlined for specific bone fractures, including Buck's traction for femoral neck fractures and Bryant's traction for femoral shaft fractures in children. Complications of traction like pressure sores, nerve palsies, and prolonged bed rest are also summarized.

Presentation on different levels of amputation of upper limb including hand amputations., thumb reconstructions, kruckenberg amputation, thumb poloicization.

This is not all, there are many more clinical anatomy in terms of condition such as Popeye Deformity with are not included here and Special Test such as Neer's Impingement and Hawkins Kennedy etc... with touches on the upper limb muscles and joints. Also not forgotten Long tendon test and so forth. In general, this is just a simplified slides. Tq

This document discusses various types of splints and tractions used in orthopedics. It begins by defining a splint and its functions, which include immobilization, pain control, and prevention of further injury. It describes different types of splints like the Thomas splint and Bohler-Braun splint. Traction is defined as a method of restoring bone alignment through gradual neutralization of muscles. Different traction types include skin, skeletal, and pelvic traction. Complications of splinting and traction are also outlined. The document provides detailed information on preparation, applications, and care for a variety of splints and traction techniques.

this is a description of spinal injuries in sports players

This document discusses spinal traction, including its definition, types, and applications to the cervical and lumbar spine. Spinal traction involves applying longitudinal forces to separate vertebrae in the spine. It can reduce pressure on discs and nerves, decreasing pain. Traction methods include manual, mechanical, continuous, intermittent, and positional. Precautions are outlined for safe application to the cervical and lumbar regions.

The radial nerve is the largest terminal branch of the posterior cord. It arises from spinal cord segments C5-T1 and innervates all muscles in the posterior arm and forearm compartment as well as skin on the posterior arm and forearm. In the arm, it passes between the triceps muscles before entering the spiral groove on the humerus. It continues down the humerus, piercing the lateral intermuscular septum and supplying muscles of the anterior arm. In the forearm, it divides into superficial and deep branches, with the deep branch becoming the posterior interosseous nerve. Radial nerve injuries are commonly caused by fractures of the humerus. Nonoperative treatment focuses on preventing contract

Orthopedic physical assessment - David j magee Morgan WJ . Slowman Ls Acute wrist injuries in athletes Levine W . Rehabilitation techniques for ligament injuries of the wrist