This document provides descriptions of various standing, kneeling, sitting and lying positions used in kinesiology. It discusses the key muscle groups engaged in each position and their effects and uses. Some of the positions described include standing, stride standing, half kneeling, kneel sitting, prone kneeling, stride sitting and cross sitting. For each one, the document outlines the muscles worked, the biomechanical advantages of the position, and how it can be used for specific exercises.
This document provides an overview of biomechanics of posture. It defines static and dynamic posture and describes the major goals and elements of postural control, including maintaining the body's center of gravity over its base of support and stabilizing the head vertically. It discusses perturbations that can disrupt posture and the fixed and change-in-support synergies used to regain equilibrium. Key aspects of posture such as external forces, ground reaction forces, and optimal alignment are summarized. Common postural deviations are also outlined.
This document provides an overview of biomechanics of posture. It defines static and dynamic posture and describes the major goals and elements of postural control, including maintaining the body's center of gravity over its base of support. It discusses perturbations that can disrupt posture and the compensatory muscle synergies and strategies used to regain equilibrium, such as ankle and hip synergies. The document also covers kinetics of posture involving forces like inertia, gravity and ground reaction forces. It analyzes optimal posture and deviations, and describes various postural abnormalities.
This document discusses the biomechanics of the hip joint. It begins by defining biomechanics and describing the mobility and stability of the hip. It then discusses forces acting on the hip like body weight, abductor muscles, and joint reaction forces. It explains how these forces are balanced in different positions like two-leg stance, single-leg stance, and with the use of a cane. The document concludes by discussing implications for conditions like coxa valga and coxa vara, and principles of total hip replacement surgery.
This document discusses the biomechanics of the hip joint. It describes how the hip functions as a lever with the body weight and abductor muscles producing forces on either side of the fulcrum. It explains how the hip is designed to provide both mobility and stability. Key factors like the neck angle, acetabular direction, and forces during activities like standing, walking and running are summarized. The effects of conditions like coxa valga and coxa vara on hip biomechanics are also outlined. Lastly, the biomechanical goals and considerations for total hip replacement surgery are presented.
The Best Fat-Burning Exercises for at Home and GYMAQF Sports
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1. Various positions can be derived from fundamental positions like standing, sitting, kneeling, and lying by altering the position of the arms, legs, trunk, or a combination.
2. These derived positions modify the effects of exercises by changing the base of support, centre of gravity, muscle work required, and leverage.
3. Examples of derived positions include wing standing, stride standing, stoop sitting, and side lying. Each position has specific uses like exercises for different body parts or conditions.
One of the advantages of Lazaro the Cuban Cardio Core workout is the comfort of easy to follow, easy to use and perform, most traditional core exercises on the floor limited range of motion, and these workouts contribute to preventing injuries, improve health and fitness benefits, and build your dream, impenetrable defined midsection.
This document describes fundamental body positions and positions derived from them. The fundamental positions are standing, sitting, lying, and kneeling. Descriptions of each position are provided along with diagrams. Derived positions are then explained, such as high standing, step standing, and half sitting for the standing and sitting positions. For lying, derived positions include side lying, prone lying, and quarter turn lying. Kneeling positions like kneel sitting and half kneeling are also defined. The document concludes with an explanation of hanging and two derived hanging positions: arch hanging and half hanging.
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This document discusses neurological gait and gait rehabilitation. It begins by defining normal gait and describing common pathological gaits that can result from neurological conditions, including hemiplegic, spastic diplegic, Parkinsonian, myopathic, and ataxic gaits. Specific characteristics and management approaches are described for each type. Rehabilitation approaches covered include traditional gait training exercises, use of assistive devices, high-tech options like body-weight supported treadmill training and electrical stimulation, as well as strength and balance training. Surgical management is also briefly discussed for some conditions.
1. Biomechanics is the study of forces acting on the living body, including those acting across joints like the hip.
2. The hip is both mobile and stable due to its strong bones, muscles, ligaments and the depth of the acetabulum.
3. Forces acting across the hip joint include body weight, abductor muscle forces, and a joint reaction force that maintains equilibrium. The joint reaction force increases during activities like walking and running that place greater demands on the hip.
The document provides information about performing the back squat exercise. It describes how to perform a proper back squat with key points being keeping the hips stable and aligned with the knees, ankles flat on the floor, and descending slowly in a controlled motion. The primary muscles worked are the glutes, hamstrings, quads, and calves. Variations like box squats, front squats and overhead squats are also mentioned. Guidelines are given for proper form and avoiding injury by not allowing the knees to move past the toes.
The document discusses hip joint anatomy and biomechanics from the perspective of total hip arthroplasty. It describes key terms like kinematics and kinetics. It provides details on normal ranges of motion for the hip. It discusses femoral head anatomy and the forces acting on the hip during single leg stance, which can be up to 4 times body weight. Factors like leg length, weight, and abductor lever arm influence joint loading.
Postural deviation in different planes.pptxAvaniAkbari
Postural deviation refers to any abnormal alignment or positioning of the body's joints and structures while standing, sitting, or moving. These deviations can occur due to a variety of factors, including muscle imbalances, skeletal abnormalities, poor posture habits, injuries, or neurological conditions. Postural deviations can affect people of all ages and can lead to discomfort, pain, reduced mobility, and functional limitations if left unaddressed.
There are several common types of postural deviations:
*Kyphosis: This is an excessive curvature of the upper back, leading to a rounded or hunched posture. It can result from factors such as poor sitting habits, weak back muscles, or structural abnormalities in the spine.
*Lordosis: Lordosis is an exaggerated inward curvature of the lower back, often causing the pelvis to tilt forward and the abdomen to protrude. Factors contributing to lordosis include tight hip flexors, weak abdominal muscles, obesity, or pregnancy.
*Scoliosis: Scoliosis is characterized by an abnormal sideways curvature of the spine, which can cause the shoulders, hips, or waist to appear uneven. It can be congenital or develop during growth spurts in adolescence.
*Forward head posture: This occurs when the head juts forward from its ideal alignment with the spine. It can be caused by prolonged sitting, excessive screen time, weak neck muscles, or carrying heavy backpacks.
*Flat feet: Flat feet, or pes planus, is a condition where the arches of the feet collapse, causing the entire foot to make contact with the ground. This can lead to altered gait patterns and contribute to knee, hip, and back pain.
*Knock knees and bow legs: Knock knees (genu valgum) is when the knees angle inward, while bow legs (genu varum) is when the knees angle outward. These deviations can be due to genetic factors, abnormal bone growth, or muscle imbalances around the knees.
*Uneven shoulders or hips: A noticeable difference in the height or alignment of the shoulders or hips can indicate postural deviations such as scoliosis, muscle imbalances, or leg length discrepancies
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3. BY ALTERATION OF LEGS
• Close standing
• Toe standing
• Stride standing
• Walk standing
• Half standing
4. CLOSE STANDING
• Legs are rotated inwards at hip so
that medial borders of feet are
adjacent
MUSCLE WORK
• Leg muscles work more strongly
than in the fundamental position.
5. EFFECTS & USES OF
CLOSE STANDING
• Size of the base is reduced & balance is more difficult
• Progression to standing
• Relaxation of the lateral rotators of hip often results
in a loss of bracing effect on whole leg Including
longitudinal arches of feet.
6. TOE STANDING
• Heels are pressed together & raised
from the floor.
MUSCLE WORK
• Plantarflexor of ankle joint work
strongly against gravity to keep heels
elevated.
• All leg muscles work more strongly
than in fundamental position to keep
balance
7. EFFECTS & USES OF
TOE STANDING
• Base is reduced ¢er of gravity is raised so used in
balance
• Strong work for foot muscles stretch
• Value in treatment of flat foot & posture training
8. STRIDE STANDING
• Legs are abducted so that the heels
are two foot lengths apart
• Feet remain same as in fundamental
position & weight is equally
distributed btw them.
MUSCLE WORK
• Adductors of hip may work to prevent
the legs from sliding further apart if
position is taken on a slippery floor
9. EFFECTS & USES OF
STRIDE STANDING
• Effective base is much enlarge laterally, making this
an easy & suitable position from which to perform
exercises especially in a frontal plane.
10. WALK STANDING
• One leg is placed directly forwards so that the heels
are two foot-lengths apart & are on same line.
• Body weight is equally distributed btw them.
MUSCLE WORK
• Tension on the structure anterior to hip & on calf
muscles of posterior leg,
• Extensors of hip & knee of this leg work strongly to
maintain position.
11. EFFECTS & USES OF
WALK STANDING
• Base is much enlarged in antero posterior direction
stabilizing body for exercises in sagittal plane.
• Rotation of pelvis towards side of forward leg is
prevented by position of back leg, so it used to
localize rotation to spine.
• Tension on hamstrings of forward leg likewise
prevents tilting of pelvis in trunk flexion exercises.
12. HALF STANDING
• Whole weight of the body is supported
on one leg, other may be free or
supported in a variety of position.
MUSCLE WORK
• Abductors of the hip of standing leg
work to maintain center of gravity over
the base by a Slight lateral tilting of
pelvis
13. • Lumber side flexors of opposite side work to bring
trunk into alignment
• All muscles of supporting leg work more strongly
than in standing to support additional weight &
preserve balance
14. EFFFECTS & USES OF
HALF STANDING
• Unsupporting leg is free to move
• Difficulty in balancing
• PROGRESSION IN HALF STANDING
• Leg free from body weight may rest in different
positions.
17. LAX STOOP STANDING
• hips are flexed & trunk, head & arms
are relaxed so that they hang forwards
& downwards.
• Balance is maintained by a slight
plantar flexion at ankle joints causing a
backward inclination
18. EFFECTS & USES OF
LAX STOOP STANDING
• Amount of forward flexion is dictated by tension,
develops in hamstrings & lumbar ms,
• Position used to train relaxation of upper body & to
assist expiration.
• Position used prior to extension exercises of hips &
spine.
19. • Position is unsuitable for weak or elderly patients as
dependent position of body causes an increase
• Blood flow to head which maybe followed by
depletion on raising to upright position &
consequent feeling of giddiness.
20. STOOP STANDING
• Hip joints are flexed while trunk,
head & arms remain in alignment&
are inclined forwards.
• Angle to which trunk is inclined
usually about a right angle but
depends on tension of hamstrings
which control forward tilt of pelvis
when knees are straight.
21. MUSCLE WORK
• Extensor of knees may work to counteract tension of
hamstrings
• Longitudinal & transverse back muscles & extensors
of shoulder & elbows maintain position against pull
of gravity
• Posterior neck muscles controlled by pre-vertebral
muscles support head.
22. EFFECTS & USES
• Strong work for neck & back muscles with stretching
of spine, trains good posture of back muscles.
• Fixation in flexion of lumber spine localizes
movement to joints above this level, it is valuable but
difficult position to hold correctly.
24. FALLOUT STANDING
• One leg is placed directly forwards to a distance of
three foot-lengths & this knee is bent
• Back leg remains straight & body is inclined forward
in line with it.
25. MUSCLE WORK
• Extensors & foot muscles of forward leg work strongly to
support most of weight
• Extensors of back leg keep trunk & leg straight
• Dorsiflexor of this foot work to keep the heel on ground
• Head & trunk muscles work but there is a degree of
rotation & lateral tilt of pelvis away from forward
leg,balance is maintained by action of trunk rotators &
lumber muscles on this side.
26. EFFECTS & USES
• position used in treatment of spinal curvature
• When support is given to arms & shoulders,it is an
excellent position to utilize body weight either for
giving pressure or resistance in direction of fallout.