ActiveWeb: Chicago Java User Group Presentation

1. Presenting ActiveWeb making Java Web programming fun...again! Igor Polevoy

2. About me Developer like you

3. Have bad aftertaste of many web frameworks

4. Presented ActiveJDBC to CJUG last year at about the same time

5. Was suggested to shut up and make a change

6. Currently a Chief Technologist at ProductiveEdge, Chicago

7. But why? Don't we have enough frameworks in Java? Restlet Brill Aranea Web Framework RSF JSF RichFaces Strecks Google Web Toolkit Aurora JPublish Jucas MyFaces WebOnSwing Chrysalis VRaptor SwingWeb Barracuda ThinWire Struts1/2 Turbine Tapestry Cocoon Spring Maverick Echo SOFIA Verge Anvil Jaffa Japple RIFE Swinglets Millstone Wicket DWR JSPWidget JOSSO JAT OpenXava Stripes Click ZK Caramba wingS Helma

8. All we need is: Simple to use, sophisticated on the inside

9. Full stack

10. Supporting TDD

11. Can test views

12. Dynamic

13. Clean URLs

14. Fast, lightweight (as few dependencies as possible)

15. Conforms to (few good) standards

16. Fun(because of immediate gratification)

17. History First version in 2009

18. In parallel development with ActiveJDBC

19. First put in production in summer 2010

20. Currently in production at major insurance company, 4 websites, clustered REST web services, internal tools, displacing legacy systems (Spring/Hibernate)

21. Meet new friend Navigate to: http://localhost:8080/testapp/greeting?name=Bob Executes: public class GreetingController extends AppController{ public void index(){ view(“name”, param(“name”)); } } Renders: /WEB-INF/views/greeting/index.ftl View code: Hello, ${name}! Output: Hello, Bob! A few conventions at work here: URL to Controller Default action view location by controller name view name by action name No configuration. In fact, ActiveWeb has no property files, no XML, no Yaml, no text files of any kind.

22. Lets TDD this public cla ss G r eetingControllerSpec extends ControllerSpec{ @Test public void shouldRenderHelloWorld(){ request().param(“name”, “Bob”).get(“index”); a(assigns().get(“name”)).shouldBeEqual(“Bob”); } } Test HTML content: public class G reet ingControllerSpec extends ControllerSpec{ @Test public void shouldRenderHelloWorld(){ request().param(“name”, “Bob”). integrateViews () .get(“index”); a(responseContent().contains(“Hello, Bob!”)).shouldBeTrue(); } } Convention at work: Controller name from spec name.

23. Configuration in code public class DbConfig extends AbstractDBConfig { public void init(AppContext context) { environment( "development" ) .jndi( "jdbc/kitchensink_development" ); environment( "development" ).testing() .jdbc( "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" , "jdbc:mysql://localhost/kitchensink_development" , "root" , "****" ); environment( "hudson" ).testing() .jdbc( "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" , "jdbc:mysql://172.30.64.31/kitchensink_hudson", "root", "****" ); environment( "production" ) .jndi( "jdbc/kitchensink_production" ); } } DSL for environments, JNDI, JDBC and testing mode You get help from IDE and from compiler, less likely to make a typo

24. Structure of project Standard Maven structure, View are located under: /WEB-INF/views Controllers are in app.controllers package . Result: Huge selection of anything built under the sun for Maven in general and Maven Web specifically

25. Layouts Default Layout: src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/views/layouts/default_layout.ftl < html > < head > < LINK href = "${context_path}/css/main.css" rel = "stylesheet" /> < script src = "${context_path}/js/jquery-1.4.2.min.js" </ script > < script src = "${context_path}/js/aw.js" </ script > < title > ActiveWeb - < @yield to = "title" /></ title > </ head > < body > < div class = "main" > < #include "header.ftl" > ${page_content} < #include "footer.ftl" > </ div > </ body > </ html > Serves the same purpose as Tiles or Sitemesh, but integrated into the system as another template. There are wrapper/nested layouts too.

26. <@content for and <@yield Page titles with custom tags < @content for = "title" > Books List </@content> This sends content to < @yield to = "title" /> located in layout Can send any content to layout with content tag, including links to CSS, JS, etc: < @content for = "js" > < script src = "${context_path}/js/page_specific.js" type = "text/javascript" ></ script > </ @ > Content will be rendered in layout in place of < @yield to = "js" /> This allows to easily declare content specific for a page, but rendered outside page context.

27. Unobtrusive JS and <@link_to < form id = "da_form" > First name: < input type = "text" name = "first_name" >< br > Last name: < input type = "text" name = "last_name" > </ form > < @link_to controller = "people" action = "do-get" form = "da_form" destination = "result" > Ajax Get </ @ > Result will be inserted into: < div id = "result" ></ div > No JavaScript is generated, the HTML page is clean More ways to use Ajax with link_to Magic happens in aw.js

28. Partials Naming src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/views/greeting/_hello.ftl Rendering a partial: < @render partial = "hello" /> Rendering a collection with a partial (no ugly for loops building iterative HTML): Content of _fruit.ftl : Fruit name: ${fruit}<hr> Host page: < @render partial = "fruit" collection = fruits /> Result of rendering: Fruit name: apple<hr>Fruit name: prune<hr>Fruit name: pear<hr> Partial will iterate itself. Also: spacers, counters, first and last.

29. Lets flash public class BooksController extends AppController { @POST public void create(){ Book book = new Book(); book.fromMap(params1st()); if (book.save()){ flash( "message" , "New book was added: " + book.get( "title" )); redirect(BooksController. class ); } else { //handle errors } } } //Use in view: < @flash name = "message" /> Flash is a short-lived object, survives only one more request Use in POST/redirect for destructive operations

30. Custom tags 1. Develop: public class HelloTag extends FreeMarkerTag{ protected void render(Map params, String body, Writer writer) throws Exception { writer.write(“hello”); } } 2. Register: public class FreeMarkerConfig extends AbstractFreeMarkerConfig { public void init() { registerTag(“hello”, new HelloTag()); } } 3. Use: < @hello />

31. Dependency Injection with Google Guice public class HelloController extends AppController { private Greeter greeter; public void index(){ view( "message" , greeter.greet()); } @Inject public void setGreeter( Greeter greeter) { this .greeter = greeter; } } public class GreeterModule extends AbstractModule { protected void configure() { bind(Greeter. class ) .to(GreeterImpl. class ).asEagerSingleton(); } } public class AppBootstrap extends Bootstrap { public void init(AppContext context) { setInjector(Guice.createInjector( new GreeterModule())); } }

32. TDD with DI public class GreeterMock implements Greeter{ public String greet() { return "Hello from " + getClass().toString(); } } public class GreeterMockModule extends AbstractModule { @Override protected void configure() { bind(Greeter. class ).to(GreeterMock. class ).asEagerSingleton(); } } public class HelloControllerSpec extends ControllerSpec { @Before public void before(){ setInjector(Guice.createInjector( new GreeterMockModule())); } @Test public void shouldTestWithMockService(){ request().get( "index" ); a(assigns().get( "message" )).shouldBeEqual( "Hello from class app.services.GreeterMock" ); } } Can use any mocking framework.

33. Making tests web specific “ Send” parameters to controller: public class HelloControllerSpec extends ControllerSpec{ @Test public void shouldSendParamsToIndex(){ request() .param( "first_name" , "John" ).param( "last_name" , "Deere" ) .get( "index" ); a(assigns().get( "message" )) .shouldBeEqual( "Hello, John Deere, welcome back!" ); } } Seeing HTML in test! public class HelloControllerSpec extends ControllerSpec @Test public void shouldPrintGeneratedHTML(){ request(). integrateViews ().get( "index" ); System.out.println(responseContent()); // prints entire HMTL, decorated by layout. } }

34. What else in tests? Transaction rolled back

35. Post binary content

36. “ Upload” files

37. “ Send” GET, POST, DELETE, PUT HTTP requests

38. Sessions

39. Cookies

40. Controller scenarios with IntegrationTests.

41. Bootstrap entire application with AppIntegrationTests

42. REST web services Controller: public class Books Controller extends AppController { public void index(){ List<Book> books = Book.findAll(); view( " books", books); render().noLayout(); } } View: <? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> < books > < #list books as book > < book > < isbn > ${book.isbn} </ isbn > < title > ${book.title} </ title > < author > ${book.author} </ author > </ book > </ #list > </ books > Access: http://host:port/context/books

43. What else can controllers do? //getting parameters String name = param(“name”); List<String> selectValues = param(“myselect”); List<String> params = params1st(); Map<String, String[]> allParams = params(); //passing data to view view(“name”, name); assign(“name”, name); //detecting Ajax: if (xhr()){...} else {...} //Responding directly (short hand XML service): respond( "<message>hello</message>" ) .contentType( "text/xml" ).status( 200 ); //sending view with no layout //(useful in web services when a view is used): render().noLayout();

44. Binary content in controllers //Downloading binary to client: sendFile(f).contentType( "application/pdf" ).status( 200 ); //Streaming large content: streamOut(in).contentType( "applicaiton/pdf" ); //Uploading files: Iterator<FormItem> iterator = uploadedFiles(); while (iterator.hasNext()){ FormItem item = iterator.next(); name = item.getName(); if (item.isFile()){ InputStream in = item.getInputStream()); //process data } }

45. @RESTful routing @RESTful public BooksController extends AppController{} verb path action used for ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- GET /books index display a list of all books GET /books/new_form new_form HTML form for creating a new book POST /books create create a new book GET /books/id show display a specific book GET /books/id/edit_form edit_form return an HTML form for editing a books PUT /books/id update update a specific book DELETE /books/id destroy delete a specific book

46. Standard routing public BooksController extends AppController{ //GET by default public void index(){} @PUT public void save(); @DELETE public void delete(); @POST public void update(); } Allows only one HTTP method per action

47. GWT Support Compile GWT client.... and PRC server on the fly: GWT server: public class EchoController extends GWTAppController implements EchoService { public String echo(String text) { return "Hello from server :" + text + ",.... and time now is: " + new Date() ; } } GWT client: business as usual GWT DEMO

48. Ad hock development demo Start container

49. Access non-existing controller

50. See error messages

51. Add controller

52. Add action

53. Add view

54. Pass data

55. ActiveWeb and ActiveJDBC ActiveJDBC is not baked into ActiveWeb

56. ActiveJDBC is a general purpose ORM for Java

57. ActiveWeb can be used with any other ORM, or without one

58. ActiveWeb has nice features for managing a DB connection at runtime and during tests – tailored for ActiveJDBC, but in either case you can get access to java.sql.Connection and do with it as you wish:

59. java.sql.Connection con = Base.connection();

60. Conclusion Be happier with real TDD

61. Increase productivity

62. Have access to anything Java under the sun (there is a lot)

ActiveWeb: Chicago Java User Group Presentation

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