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Kubernetes Architecture
Janakiram MSV
Analyst | Advisor | Architect
Janakiram & Associates
Google Developer Expert
Announcing
The Kubernetes Webinar Series
● Monthly webinar focused on helping you get started with Kubernetes
● Delivered by the experts from the container ecosystem
● Each webinar introduces a concept to accelerate your learning
● No specific prerequisites
○ Basic understanding of Docker will help
● All attendees will get $100 Google Cloud Platform Credits
● Win free annual and monthly subscriptions of MAPT eBook library
● The recording of this webinar will be available at Kubernetes.live
Objectives
● A closer look at Kubernetes cluster
● Master components
● Node components
● Pods
● Labels & Selectors
● Replication Controllers
● Services
Kubernetes Architecture
Kubernetes
Master
Node 1API
UI
CLI
Node 2
Node n
Node 3
Registry

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● Group of one or more containers that are always co-located,
co-scheduled, and run in a shared context
● Containers in the same pod have the same hostname
● Each pod is isolated by
○ Process ID (PID) namespace
○ Network namespace
○ Interprocess Communication (IPC) namespace
○ Unix Time Sharing (UTS) namespace
● Alternative to a VM with multiple processes

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Labels & Selectors
● Key/value pairs associated with Kubernetes objects
● Used to organize and select subsets of objects
● Attached to objects at creation time but modified at any time.
● Labels are the essential glue to associate one API object with other
○ Replication Controller -> Pods
○ Service -> Pods
○ Pods -> Nodes
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Pod Definition
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● An abstraction to define a logical set of Pods bound by a policy by to
access them
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● Services can also point to non-Kubernetes endpoints through a
Virtual-IP-Bridge
● Supports TCP and UDP
● Interfaces with kube-proxy to manipulate iptables
● Service can be exposed internal or external to the cluster
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Kubernetes is an open-source system for automating deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications. It was originally developed by Google based on years of experience running production workloads at scale. Kubernetes groups containers into logical units called pods and handles tasks like scheduling, health checking, scaling and rollbacks. The main components include a master node that manages the cluster and worker nodes that run application containers scheduled by the master.

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Replication Controller
● Ensures that a Pod or homogeneous set of Pods are always up and
available
● Always maintains desired number of Pods
○ If there are excess Pods, they get killed
○ New pods are launched when they fail, get deleted, or terminated
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always available
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This document provides an introduction to Kubernetes, an open-source system for automating deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications. It first reviews what Docker is and its features like isolation and compatibility across platforms. It then explains that container orchestration is needed to manage thousands of containers across a cluster, ensure efficient resource use, and automate container lifecycles. Kubernetes is recommended because it is actively developed by major companies, makes scheduling and managing workloads easy through features like rolling updates, and has many extensions available.

Summary
● Kubernetes Master runs the API, Scheduler and Controller services
● Each Node is responsible for running one or more Pods
● Pods are the unit of deployment in Kubernetes
● Labels associate one Kubernetes object with the other
● Replication Controller ensures high availability of Pods
● Services expose Pods to internal and external consumers
Upcoming Webinar
A Closer Look at Kubernetes Pods
9 AM PST, 26th October
This session will discuss the best practices of creating,
deploying, and managing Pods. We will take a closer look at
the storage and networking architecture of containers
running in the same Pod.
Register at kubernetes.live for the upcoming webinars
Thank You!
Send your Feedback / Questions / Comments
info@kubernetes.live

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Kubernetes architecture

  • 1. Kubernetes Architecture Janakiram MSV Analyst | Advisor | Architect Janakiram & Associates Google Developer Expert
  • 2. Announcing The Kubernetes Webinar Series ● Monthly webinar focused on helping you get started with Kubernetes ● Delivered by the experts from the container ecosystem ● Each webinar introduces a concept to accelerate your learning ● No specific prerequisites ○ Basic understanding of Docker will help ● All attendees will get $100 Google Cloud Platform Credits ● Win free annual and monthly subscriptions of MAPT eBook library ● The recording of this webinar will be available at Kubernetes.live
  • 3. Objectives ● A closer look at Kubernetes cluster ● Master components ● Node components ● Pods ● Labels & Selectors ● Replication Controllers ● Services
  • 5. Kubernetes Master API Server Scheduler Controller etcd API UI CLI
  • 7. A Simple Containerized Application Python Web App Redis Database Client
  • 8. Kubernetes Pod ● Group of one or more containers that are always co-located, co-scheduled, and run in a shared context ● Containers in the same pod have the same hostname ● Each pod is isolated by ○ Process ID (PID) namespace ○ Network namespace ○ Interprocess Communication (IPC) namespace ○ Unix Time Sharing (UTS) namespace ● Alternative to a VM with multiple processes
  • 9. Labels & Selectors ● Key/value pairs associated with Kubernetes objects ● Used to organize and select subsets of objects ● Attached to objects at creation time but modified at any time. ● Labels are the essential glue to associate one API object with other ○ Replication Controller -> Pods ○ Service -> Pods ○ Pods -> Nodes
  • 10. Deploying a Pod Pod Definition Master kube-p roxyDocker kubelet Supervisord fluentd Web Pod Node DB Pod Pod Definition Python Redis
  • 11. Services ● An abstraction to define a logical set of Pods bound by a policy by to access them ● Services are exposed through internal and external endpoints ● Services can also point to non-Kubernetes endpoints through a Virtual-IP-Bridge ● Supports TCP and UDP ● Interfaces with kube-proxy to manipulate iptables ● Service can be exposed internal or external to the cluster
  • 13. Demo Creating Pods & Services Python Web App & Redis DB
  • 14. Replication Controller ● Ensures that a Pod or homogeneous set of Pods are always up and available ● Always maintains desired number of Pods ○ If there are excess Pods, they get killed ○ New pods are launched when they fail, get deleted, or terminated ● Creating a replication controller with a count of 1 ensures that a Pod is always available ● Replication Controller and Pods are associated through Labels
  • 15. kube-p roxyDocker kubelet Supervisord fluentd Web Pod 1 Scaling Pods with Replication Controller RC Definition Master Node Web Pod 2 Web Pod 3 3 DB Pod
  • 16. Demo Scaling Pods with Replication Controller
  • 17. Summary ● Kubernetes Master runs the API, Scheduler and Controller services ● Each Node is responsible for running one or more Pods ● Pods are the unit of deployment in Kubernetes ● Labels associate one Kubernetes object with the other ● Replication Controller ensures high availability of Pods ● Services expose Pods to internal and external consumers
  • 18. Upcoming Webinar A Closer Look at Kubernetes Pods 9 AM PST, 26th October This session will discuss the best practices of creating, deploying, and managing Pods. We will take a closer look at the storage and networking architecture of containers running in the same Pod. Register at kubernetes.live for the upcoming webinars
  • 19. Thank You! Send your Feedback / Questions / Comments info@kubernetes.live