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Introduction to Apache Apex
Thomas Weise <thw@apache.org> @thweise
PMC Chair Apache Apex, Architect DataTorrent
Big Data Spain, Madrid, Nov 17th 2016
Stream Data Processing
2
Data
Sources
Events
Logs
Sensor Data
Social
Databases
CDC
Oper1 Oper2 Oper3
Real-time
visualization, …
Data Delivery Transform / Analytics
SQL
Declarative
API
DAG API
SAMOA
Beam
Operator
Library
SAMOA
Beam
(roadmap)
Industries & Use Cases
3
Financial Services Ad-Tech Telecom Manufacturing Energy IoT
Fraud and risk
monitoring
Real-time
customer facing
dashboards on
key performance
indicators
Call detail record
(CDR) &
extended data
record (XDR)
analysis
Supply chain
planning &
optimization
Smart meter
analytics
Data ingestion
and processing
Credit risk
assessment
Click fraud
detection
Understanding
customer
behavior AND
context
Preventive
maintenance
Reduce outages
& improve
resource
utilization
Predictive
analytics
Improve turn around
time of trade
settlement processes
Billing
optimization
Packaging and
selling
anonymous
customer data
Product quality &
defect tracking
Asset &
workforce
management
Data governance
• Large scale ingest and distribution
• Real-time ELTA (Extract Load Transform Analyze)
• Dimensional computation & aggregation
• Enforcing data quality and data governance requirements
• Real-time data enrichment with reference data
• Real-time machine learning model scoring
HORIZONTAL
Apache Apex
4
• In-memory, distributed, parallel stream processing
• Application logic broken into components (operators) that execute distributed in a cluster
• Unobtrusive Java API to express (custom) logic
• Maintain state and metrics in member variables
• Windowing, event-time processing
• Scalable, high throughput, low latency
• Operators can be scaled up or down at runtime according to the load and SLA
• Dynamic scaling (elasticity), compute locality
• Fault tolerance & correctness
• Automatically recover from node outages without having to reprocess from beginning
• State is preserved, checkpointing, incremental recovery
• End-to-end exactly-once
• Operability
• System and application metrics, record/visualize data
• Dynamic changes and resource allocation, elasticity

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Processing big data often requires running the same computations parallelly in multiple processes or threads, called partitions, with each partition handling a subset of the data. This becomes all the more necessary when processing live data streams where maintaining SLA is paramount. Furthermore, multiple different computations make up an application and each of them may have different partitioning needs. Partitioning also needs to adapt to changing data rates, input sources and other application requirements like SLA. In this talk, we will introduce how Apache Apex, a distributed stream processing platform on Hadoop, handles partitioning. We will look at different partitioning schemes provided by Apex some of which are unique in this space. We will also look at how Apex does dynamic partitioning, a feature unique to and pioneered by Apex to handle varying data needs with examples. We will also talk about the different utilities and libraries that Apex provides for users to be able to affect their own custom partitioning.

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Hadoop Summit SJ 2016: Next Gen Big Data Analytics with Apache Apex
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Intro to Apache Apex - Next Gen Platform for Ingest and Transform
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Introduction to Apache Apex - The next generation native Hadoop platform. This talk will cover details about how Apache Apex can be used as a powerful and versatile platform for big data processing. Common usage of Apache Apex includes big data ingestion, streaming analytics, ETL, fast batch alerts, real-time actions, threat detection, etc. Bio: Pramod Immaneni is Apache Apex PMC member and senior architect at DataTorrent, where he works on Apache Apex and specializes in big data platform and applications. Prior to DataTorrent, he was a co-founder and CTO of Leaf Networks LLC, eventually acquired by Netgear Inc, where he built products in core networking space and was granted patents in peer-to-peer VPNs.

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Native Hadoop Integration
5
• YARN is
the
resource
manager
• HDFS for
storing
persistent
state
Application Development Model
6
A Stream is a sequence of data
tuples
A typical Operator takes one or
more input streams, performs
computations & emits one or more
output streams
• Each Operator is YOUR custom
business logic in java, or built-in
operator from our open source
library
• Operator has many instances
that run in parallel and each
instance is single-threaded
Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) is
made up of operators and streams
Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG)
Operator Operator
Operator
Operator
Operator Operator
Tuple
Output
Stream
Filtered
Stream
Enriched
Stream
Filtered
Stream
Enriched
Stream
7
Kafka
Input
Parser
Word
Counter
JDBC
Output
CountsWordsLines
Kafka Database
Apex Application
• Operators from library or develop for custom logic
• Connect operators to form application
• Configure operator properties
• Configure scaling and other platform attributes
• Test functionality, performance, iterate
Filter
Filtered
Development Process
Application Specification
8
Java Stream API (declarative)
DAG API (compositional)

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Developing Operators
9
Operator Library
10
RDBMS
• JDBC
• MySQL
• Oracle
• MemSQL
NoSQL
• Cassandra, HBase
• Aerospike, Accumulo
• Couchbase/ CouchDB
• Redis, MongoDB
• Geode
Messaging
• Kafka
• JMS (ActiveMQ, …)
• Kinesis, SQS
• Flume, NiFi
File Systems
• HDFS/ Hive
• NFS
• S3
Parsers
• XML
• JSON
• CSV
• Avro
• Parquet
Transformations
• Filter, Expression, Enrich
• Windowing, Aggregation
• Join
• Dedup
Analytics
• Dimensional Aggregations
(with state management for
historical data + query)
Protocols
• HTTP
• FTP
• WebSocket
• MQTT
• SMTP
Other
• Elastic Search
• Script (JavaScript, Python, R)
• Solr
• Twitter
Stateful Processing with Event Time
11
(All) : 5
t=4:00 : 2
t=5:00 : 3
k=A, t=4:00 : 2
k=A, t=5:00 : 1
k=B, t=5:00 : 2
(All) : 4
t=4:00 : 2
t=5:00 : 2
k=A, t=4:00 : 2
K=B, t=5:00 : 2
k=A
t=5:00
(All) : 1
t=4:00 : 1
k=A, t=4:00 : 1
k=B
t=5:59
k=B
t=5:00
k=A
t=4:30
k=A
t=4:00
Processing Time
+30s +60s +90s
State
Event Stream
Windowing - Apache Beam Model
12
ApexStream<String> stream = StreamFactory
.fromFolder(localFolder)
.flatMap(new Split())
.window(new WindowOption.GlobalWindow(), new
TriggerOption().withEarlyFiringsAtEvery(Duration.millis(1000)).accumulatingFiredPanes())
.countByKey(new ConvertToKeyVal()).print();
Event-time
Session windows
Watermarks
Accumulation
Triggers
Keyed or Not Keyed
Allowed Lateness
Accumulation Mode
Merging streams

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Fault Tolerance
13
• Operator state is checkpointed to persistent store
ᵒ Automatically performed by engine, no additional coding needed
ᵒ Asynchronous and distributed
ᵒ In case of failure operators are restarted from checkpoint state
• Automatic detection and recovery of failed containers
ᵒ Heartbeat mechanism
ᵒ YARN process status notification
• Buffering to enable replay of data from recovered point
ᵒ Fast, incremental recovery, spike handling
• Application master state checkpointed
ᵒ Snapshot of physical (and logical) plan
ᵒ Execution layer change log
Checkpointing State
14
 Distributed, asynchronous
 Periodic callbacks
 No artificial latency
 Pluggable storage
• In-memory PubSub
• Stores results until committed
• Backpressure / spillover to disk
• Ordering, idempotency
Operator
1
Container 1
Buffer
Server
Node 1
Operator
2
Container 2
Node 2
Buffer Server & Recovery
15
Downstream Operators reset
Independent pipelines
(can be used for speculative execution)
Recovery Scenario
… EW2, 1, 3, BW2, EW1, 4, 2, 1, BW1
sum
0
… EW2, 1, 3, BW2, EW1, 4, 2, 1, BW1
sum
7
… EW2, 1, 3, BW2, EW1, 4, 2, 1, BW1
sum
10
… EW2, 1, 3, BW2, EW1, 4, 2, 1, BW1
sum
7
16

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Processing Guarantees
17
At-least-once
• On recovery data will be replayed from a previous checkpoint
ᵒ No messages lost
ᵒ Default, suitable for most applications
• Can be used to ensure data is written once to store
ᵒ Transactions with meta information, Rewinding output, Feedback from
external entity, Idempotent operations
At-most-once
• On recovery the latest data is made available to operator
ᵒ Useful in use cases where some data loss is acceptable and latest data is
sufficient
Exactly-once
ᵒ At-least-once processing + idempotency + transactional mechanisms
(operator logic) to achieve end-to-end exactly once behavior
End-to-End Exactly Once
18
• Important when writing to external systems
• Data should not be duplicated or lost in the external system in case of
application failures
• Common external systems
ᵒ Databases
ᵒ Files
ᵒ Message queues
• Exactly-once results = at-least-once + idempotency + consistent state
• Data duplication must be avoided when data is replayed from checkpoint
ᵒ Operators implement the logic dependent on the external system
ᵒ Platform provides checkpointing and repeatable windowing
Scalability
19
NxM PartitionsUnifier
0 1 2 3
Logical DAG
0 1 2
1
1 Unifier
1
20
Logical Diagram
Physical Diagram with operator 1 with 3 partitions
0
Unifier
1a
1b
1c
2a
2b
Unifier 3
Physical DAG with (1a, 1b, 1c) and (2a, 2b): No bottleneck
Unifier
Unifier0
1a
1b
1c
2a
2b
Unifier 3
Physical DAG with (1a, 1b, 1c) and (2a, 2b): Bottleneck on intermediate Unifier
Advanced Partitioning
20
0
1a
1b
2 3 4Unifier
Physical DAG
0 4
3a2a1a
1b 2b 3b
Unifier
Physical DAG with Parallel Partition
Parallel Partition
Container
uopr
uopr1
uopr2
uopr3
uopr4
uopr1
uopr2
uopr3
uopr4
dopr
dopr
doprunifier
unifier
unifier
unifier
Container
Container
NICNIC
NICNIC
NIC
Container
NIC
Logical Plan
Execution Plan, for N = 4; M = 1
Execution Plan, for N = 4; M = 1, K = 2 with cascading unifiers
Cascading Unifiers
0 1 2 3 4
Logical DAG

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Dynamic Partitioning
21
• Partitioning change while application is running
ᵒ Change number of partitions at runtime based on stats
ᵒ Determine initial number of partitions dynamically
• Kafka operators scale according to number of kafka partitions
ᵒ Supports re-distribution of state when number of partitions change
ᵒ API for custom scaler or partitioner
2b
2c
3
2a
2d
1b
1a1a 2a
1b 2b
3
1a 2b
1b 2c 3b
2a
2d
3a
Unifiers not shown
How dynamic partitioning works
22
• Partitioning decision (yes/no) by trigger (StatsListener)
ᵒ Pluggable component, can use any system or custom metric
ᵒ Externally driven partitioning example: KafkaInputOperator
• Stateful!
ᵒ Uses checkpointed state
ᵒ Ability to transfer state from old to new partitions (partitioner, customizable)
ᵒ Steps:
• Call partitioner
• Modify physical plan, rewrite checkpoints as needed
• Undeploy old partitions from execution layer
• Release/request container resources
• Deploy new partitions (from rewritten checkpoint)
ᵒ No loss of data (buffered)
ᵒ Incremental operation, partitions that don’t change continue processing
• API: Partitioner interface
Compute Locality
23
• Host Locality
ᵒ Operators can be deployed on specific hosts
• (Anti-)Affinity
ᵒ Ability to express relative deployment without specifying a host
Default
(serialization+IPC)
HOST
(serialization, loopback)
CONTAINER
(in-process queue)
THREAD
(callstack)
• By default operators are distributed on different nodes in the cluster
• Can be collocated on machine, container or thread basis for efficiency
Compute Locality
24
Message size
(bytes)
(default locality)
(bytes/s)
CONTAINER_LOCAL
(bytes/s)
THREAD_LOCAL
(bytes/s)
64 59,176,512 204,748,032 2,480,432,448
128 89,803,904 395,023,360 3,662,684,672
256 137,019,648 671,409,664 5,218,227,968
512 156,255,744 1,255,749,632 4,416,738,304
1024 167,139,328 2,022,868,992 3,423,519,744
2048 182,349,824 3,508,013,056 4,050,688,000
4096 255,229,952 3,732,725,760 3,884,101,632
https://www.datatorrent.com/blog/blog-apex-performance-benchmark/

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Performance: Throughput vs. Latency?
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https://yahooeng.tumblr.com/post/135321837876/benchmarking-streaming-
computation-engines-at
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26
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2.7 million events/second, Kafka latency limit
Apex w/o Kafka and Redis:
43 million events/second with more than 90
percent of events processed with the latency
less than 0.5 seconds
High-Throughput and Low-Latency
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Recent Additions & Roadmap
27
• Declarative Java API
• Windowing Semantics following Beam model
• Scalable state management
• SQL support using Apache Calcite
• Apache Beam Runner, SAMOA integration
• Enhanced support for Batch Processing
• Support for Mesos
• Encrypted Streams
• Python support for operator logic and API
• Replacing operator code at runtime
• Dynamic attribute changes
• Named checkpoints
DataTorrent Product
28

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Logical View
29
Physical View
Real-Time Dashboards
30
Who is using Apex?
31
• Powered by Apex
• http://apex.apache.org/powered-by-apex.html
• Also using Apex? Let us know to be added: users@apex.apache.org or @ApacheApex
• Pubmatic
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JSXpgfQFcU8
• GE
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmaSkXhHNu0
• http://www.slideshare.net/ApacheApex/ge-iot-predix-time-series-data-ingestion-service-using-
apache-apex-hadoop
• SilverSpring Networks
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8VORISKeSjI
• http://www.slideshare.net/ApacheApex/iot-big-data-ingestion-and-processing-in-hadoop-by-
silver-spring-networks
Maximize Revenue w/ real-time insights
32
PubMatic is the leading marketing automation software company for publishers. Through real-time analytics,
yield management, and workflow automation, PubMatic enables publishers to make smarter inventory
decisions and improve revenue performance
Business Need Apex based Solution Client Outcome
• Ingest and analyze high volume clicks &
views in real-time to help customers
improve revenue
- 200K events/second data
flow
• Report critical metrics for campaign
monetization from auction and client
logs
- 22 TB/day data generated
• Handle ever increasing traffic with
efficient resource utilization
• Always-on ad network, feedback loop
for ad server
• DataTorrent Enterprise platform,
powered by Apache Apex
• In-memory stream processing
• Comprehensive library of pre-built
operators including connectors
• Built-in fault tolerance
• Dynamically scalable
• Real-time query from in-memory state
• Management UI & Data Visualization
console
• Helps PubMatic deliver ad performance
insights to publishers and advertisers in
real-time instead of 5+ hours
• Helps Publishers visualize campaign
performance and adjust ad inventory in
real-time to maximize their revenue
• Enables PubMatic reduce OPEX with
efficient compute resource utilization
• Built-in fault tolerance ensures
customers can always access ad
network

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Este documento presenta el acuerdo de la Sala Sexta del Tribunal de Casación Penal de la provincia de Buenos Aires sobre el recurso de casación interpuesto por la defensa de R.M.B., condenada a prisión perpetua por homicidio agravado. El tribunal analiza los motivos de agravio planteados y el contexto sociocultural de R.M.B. como indígena quechua boliviana, concluyendo que se debe tener en cuenta su perspectiva cultural diversa al dictar sentencia.

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Industrial IoT applications
33
GE is dedicated to providing advanced IoT analytics solutions to thousands of customers who are using their
devices and sensors across different verticals. GE has built a sophisticated analytics platform, Predix, to help its
customers develop and execute Industrial IoT applications and gain real-time insights as well as actions.
Business Need Apex based Solution Client Outcome
• Ingest and analyze high-volume, high speed
data from thousands of devices, sensors
per customer in real-time without data loss
• Predictive analytics to reduce costly
maintenance and improve customer
service
• Unified monitoring of all connected sensors
and devices to minimize disruptions
• Fast application development cycle
• High scalability to meet changing business
and application workloads
• Ingestion application using DataTorrent
Enterprise platform
• Powered by Apache Apex
• In-memory stream processing
• Built-in fault tolerance
• Dynamic scalability
• Comprehensive library of pre-built
operators
• Management UI console
• Helps GE improve performance and lower
cost by enabling real-time Big Data
analytics
• Helps GE detect possible failures and
minimize unplanned downtimes with
centralized management & monitoring of
devices
• Enables faster innovation with short
application development cycle
• No data loss and 24x7 availability of
applications
• Helps GE adjust to scalability needs with
auto-scaling
Smart energy applications
34
Silver Spring Networks helps global utilities and cities connect, optimize, and manage smart energy and smart city
infrastructure. Silver Spring Networks receives data from over 22 million connected devices, conducts 2 million
remote operations per year
Business Need Apex based Solution Client Outcome
• Ingest high-volume, high speed data from
millions of devices & sensors in real-time
without data loss
• Make data accessible to applications
without delay to improve customer service
• Capture & analyze historical data to
understand & improve grid operations
• Reduce the cost, time, and pain of
integrating with 3rd party apps
• Centralized management of software &
operations
• DataTorrent Enterprise platform, powered
by Apache Apex
• In-memory stream processing
• Pre-built operators/connectors
• Built-in fault tolerance
• Dynamically scalable
• Management UI console
• Helps Silver Spring Networks ingest &
analyze data in real-time for effective load
management & customer service
• Helps Silver Spring Networks detect
possible failures and reduce outages with
centralized management & monitoring of
devices
• Enables fast application development for
faster time to market
• Helps Silver Spring Networks scale with
easy to partition operators
• Automatic recovery from failures
Q&A
35
Curious?
36
• http://apex.apache.org/
• Learn more - http://apex.apache.org/docs.html
• Getting involved - http://apex.apache.org/community.html
• Download - http://apex.apache.org/downloads.html
• Follow @ApacheApex - https://twitter.com/apacheapex
• Meetups - https://www.meetup.com/topics/apache-apex/
• Examples - https://github.com/DataTorrent/examples
• Slideshare - http://www.slideshare.net/ApacheApex/presentations
• https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=apache+apex
• Free Enterprise License for Startups -
https://www.datatorrent.com/product/startup-accelerator/

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BigDataSpain 2016: Introduction to Apache Apex

  • 1. Introduction to Apache Apex Thomas Weise <thw@apache.org> @thweise PMC Chair Apache Apex, Architect DataTorrent Big Data Spain, Madrid, Nov 17th 2016
  • 2. Stream Data Processing 2 Data Sources Events Logs Sensor Data Social Databases CDC Oper1 Oper2 Oper3 Real-time visualization, … Data Delivery Transform / Analytics SQL Declarative API DAG API SAMOA Beam Operator Library SAMOA Beam (roadmap)
  • 3. Industries & Use Cases 3 Financial Services Ad-Tech Telecom Manufacturing Energy IoT Fraud and risk monitoring Real-time customer facing dashboards on key performance indicators Call detail record (CDR) & extended data record (XDR) analysis Supply chain planning & optimization Smart meter analytics Data ingestion and processing Credit risk assessment Click fraud detection Understanding customer behavior AND context Preventive maintenance Reduce outages & improve resource utilization Predictive analytics Improve turn around time of trade settlement processes Billing optimization Packaging and selling anonymous customer data Product quality & defect tracking Asset & workforce management Data governance • Large scale ingest and distribution • Real-time ELTA (Extract Load Transform Analyze) • Dimensional computation & aggregation • Enforcing data quality and data governance requirements • Real-time data enrichment with reference data • Real-time machine learning model scoring HORIZONTAL
  • 4. Apache Apex 4 • In-memory, distributed, parallel stream processing • Application logic broken into components (operators) that execute distributed in a cluster • Unobtrusive Java API to express (custom) logic • Maintain state and metrics in member variables • Windowing, event-time processing • Scalable, high throughput, low latency • Operators can be scaled up or down at runtime according to the load and SLA • Dynamic scaling (elasticity), compute locality • Fault tolerance & correctness • Automatically recover from node outages without having to reprocess from beginning • State is preserved, checkpointing, incremental recovery • End-to-end exactly-once • Operability • System and application metrics, record/visualize data • Dynamic changes and resource allocation, elasticity
  • 5. Native Hadoop Integration 5 • YARN is the resource manager • HDFS for storing persistent state
  • 6. Application Development Model 6 A Stream is a sequence of data tuples A typical Operator takes one or more input streams, performs computations & emits one or more output streams • Each Operator is YOUR custom business logic in java, or built-in operator from our open source library • Operator has many instances that run in parallel and each instance is single-threaded Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) is made up of operators and streams Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) Operator Operator Operator Operator Operator Operator Tuple Output Stream Filtered Stream Enriched Stream Filtered Stream Enriched Stream
  • 7. 7 Kafka Input Parser Word Counter JDBC Output CountsWordsLines Kafka Database Apex Application • Operators from library or develop for custom logic • Connect operators to form application • Configure operator properties • Configure scaling and other platform attributes • Test functionality, performance, iterate Filter Filtered Development Process
  • 8. Application Specification 8 Java Stream API (declarative) DAG API (compositional)
  • 10. Operator Library 10 RDBMS • JDBC • MySQL • Oracle • MemSQL NoSQL • Cassandra, HBase • Aerospike, Accumulo • Couchbase/ CouchDB • Redis, MongoDB • Geode Messaging • Kafka • JMS (ActiveMQ, …) • Kinesis, SQS • Flume, NiFi File Systems • HDFS/ Hive • NFS • S3 Parsers • XML • JSON • CSV • Avro • Parquet Transformations • Filter, Expression, Enrich • Windowing, Aggregation • Join • Dedup Analytics • Dimensional Aggregations (with state management for historical data + query) Protocols • HTTP • FTP • WebSocket • MQTT • SMTP Other • Elastic Search • Script (JavaScript, Python, R) • Solr • Twitter
  • 11. Stateful Processing with Event Time 11 (All) : 5 t=4:00 : 2 t=5:00 : 3 k=A, t=4:00 : 2 k=A, t=5:00 : 1 k=B, t=5:00 : 2 (All) : 4 t=4:00 : 2 t=5:00 : 2 k=A, t=4:00 : 2 K=B, t=5:00 : 2 k=A t=5:00 (All) : 1 t=4:00 : 1 k=A, t=4:00 : 1 k=B t=5:59 k=B t=5:00 k=A t=4:30 k=A t=4:00 Processing Time +30s +60s +90s State Event Stream
  • 12. Windowing - Apache Beam Model 12 ApexStream<String> stream = StreamFactory .fromFolder(localFolder) .flatMap(new Split()) .window(new WindowOption.GlobalWindow(), new TriggerOption().withEarlyFiringsAtEvery(Duration.millis(1000)).accumulatingFiredPanes()) .countByKey(new ConvertToKeyVal()).print(); Event-time Session windows Watermarks Accumulation Triggers Keyed or Not Keyed Allowed Lateness Accumulation Mode Merging streams
  • 13. Fault Tolerance 13 • Operator state is checkpointed to persistent store ᵒ Automatically performed by engine, no additional coding needed ᵒ Asynchronous and distributed ᵒ In case of failure operators are restarted from checkpoint state • Automatic detection and recovery of failed containers ᵒ Heartbeat mechanism ᵒ YARN process status notification • Buffering to enable replay of data from recovered point ᵒ Fast, incremental recovery, spike handling • Application master state checkpointed ᵒ Snapshot of physical (and logical) plan ᵒ Execution layer change log
  • 14. Checkpointing State 14  Distributed, asynchronous  Periodic callbacks  No artificial latency  Pluggable storage
  • 15. • In-memory PubSub • Stores results until committed • Backpressure / spillover to disk • Ordering, idempotency Operator 1 Container 1 Buffer Server Node 1 Operator 2 Container 2 Node 2 Buffer Server & Recovery 15 Downstream Operators reset Independent pipelines (can be used for speculative execution)
  • 16. Recovery Scenario … EW2, 1, 3, BW2, EW1, 4, 2, 1, BW1 sum 0 … EW2, 1, 3, BW2, EW1, 4, 2, 1, BW1 sum 7 … EW2, 1, 3, BW2, EW1, 4, 2, 1, BW1 sum 10 … EW2, 1, 3, BW2, EW1, 4, 2, 1, BW1 sum 7 16
  • 17. Processing Guarantees 17 At-least-once • On recovery data will be replayed from a previous checkpoint ᵒ No messages lost ᵒ Default, suitable for most applications • Can be used to ensure data is written once to store ᵒ Transactions with meta information, Rewinding output, Feedback from external entity, Idempotent operations At-most-once • On recovery the latest data is made available to operator ᵒ Useful in use cases where some data loss is acceptable and latest data is sufficient Exactly-once ᵒ At-least-once processing + idempotency + transactional mechanisms (operator logic) to achieve end-to-end exactly once behavior
  • 18. End-to-End Exactly Once 18 • Important when writing to external systems • Data should not be duplicated or lost in the external system in case of application failures • Common external systems ᵒ Databases ᵒ Files ᵒ Message queues • Exactly-once results = at-least-once + idempotency + consistent state • Data duplication must be avoided when data is replayed from checkpoint ᵒ Operators implement the logic dependent on the external system ᵒ Platform provides checkpointing and repeatable windowing
  • 19. Scalability 19 NxM PartitionsUnifier 0 1 2 3 Logical DAG 0 1 2 1 1 Unifier 1 20 Logical Diagram Physical Diagram with operator 1 with 3 partitions 0 Unifier 1a 1b 1c 2a 2b Unifier 3 Physical DAG with (1a, 1b, 1c) and (2a, 2b): No bottleneck Unifier Unifier0 1a 1b 1c 2a 2b Unifier 3 Physical DAG with (1a, 1b, 1c) and (2a, 2b): Bottleneck on intermediate Unifier
  • 20. Advanced Partitioning 20 0 1a 1b 2 3 4Unifier Physical DAG 0 4 3a2a1a 1b 2b 3b Unifier Physical DAG with Parallel Partition Parallel Partition Container uopr uopr1 uopr2 uopr3 uopr4 uopr1 uopr2 uopr3 uopr4 dopr dopr doprunifier unifier unifier unifier Container Container NICNIC NICNIC NIC Container NIC Logical Plan Execution Plan, for N = 4; M = 1 Execution Plan, for N = 4; M = 1, K = 2 with cascading unifiers Cascading Unifiers 0 1 2 3 4 Logical DAG
  • 21. Dynamic Partitioning 21 • Partitioning change while application is running ᵒ Change number of partitions at runtime based on stats ᵒ Determine initial number of partitions dynamically • Kafka operators scale according to number of kafka partitions ᵒ Supports re-distribution of state when number of partitions change ᵒ API for custom scaler or partitioner 2b 2c 3 2a 2d 1b 1a1a 2a 1b 2b 3 1a 2b 1b 2c 3b 2a 2d 3a Unifiers not shown
  • 22. How dynamic partitioning works 22 • Partitioning decision (yes/no) by trigger (StatsListener) ᵒ Pluggable component, can use any system or custom metric ᵒ Externally driven partitioning example: KafkaInputOperator • Stateful! ᵒ Uses checkpointed state ᵒ Ability to transfer state from old to new partitions (partitioner, customizable) ᵒ Steps: • Call partitioner • Modify physical plan, rewrite checkpoints as needed • Undeploy old partitions from execution layer • Release/request container resources • Deploy new partitions (from rewritten checkpoint) ᵒ No loss of data (buffered) ᵒ Incremental operation, partitions that don’t change continue processing • API: Partitioner interface
  • 23. Compute Locality 23 • Host Locality ᵒ Operators can be deployed on specific hosts • (Anti-)Affinity ᵒ Ability to express relative deployment without specifying a host Default (serialization+IPC) HOST (serialization, loopback) CONTAINER (in-process queue) THREAD (callstack) • By default operators are distributed on different nodes in the cluster • Can be collocated on machine, container or thread basis for efficiency
  • 24. Compute Locality 24 Message size (bytes) (default locality) (bytes/s) CONTAINER_LOCAL (bytes/s) THREAD_LOCAL (bytes/s) 64 59,176,512 204,748,032 2,480,432,448 128 89,803,904 395,023,360 3,662,684,672 256 137,019,648 671,409,664 5,218,227,968 512 156,255,744 1,255,749,632 4,416,738,304 1024 167,139,328 2,022,868,992 3,423,519,744 2048 182,349,824 3,508,013,056 4,050,688,000 4096 255,229,952 3,732,725,760 3,884,101,632 https://www.datatorrent.com/blog/blog-apex-performance-benchmark/
  • 25. Performance: Throughput vs. Latency? 25 https://yahooeng.tumblr.com/post/135321837876/benchmarking-streaming- computation-engines-at http://data-artisans.com/extending-the-yahoo-streaming-benchmark/
  • 26. 26 Apex, Flink w/ 4 Kafka brokers 2.7 million events/second, Kafka latency limit Apex w/o Kafka and Redis: 43 million events/second with more than 90 percent of events processed with the latency less than 0.5 seconds High-Throughput and Low-Latency https://www.datatorrent.com/blog/throughput-latency-and-yahoo/
  • 27. Recent Additions & Roadmap 27 • Declarative Java API • Windowing Semantics following Beam model • Scalable state management • SQL support using Apache Calcite • Apache Beam Runner, SAMOA integration • Enhanced support for Batch Processing • Support for Mesos • Encrypted Streams • Python support for operator logic and API • Replacing operator code at runtime • Dynamic attribute changes • Named checkpoints
  • 31. Who is using Apex? 31 • Powered by Apex • http://apex.apache.org/powered-by-apex.html • Also using Apex? Let us know to be added: users@apex.apache.org or @ApacheApex • Pubmatic • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JSXpgfQFcU8 • GE • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmaSkXhHNu0 • http://www.slideshare.net/ApacheApex/ge-iot-predix-time-series-data-ingestion-service-using- apache-apex-hadoop • SilverSpring Networks • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8VORISKeSjI • http://www.slideshare.net/ApacheApex/iot-big-data-ingestion-and-processing-in-hadoop-by- silver-spring-networks
  • 32. Maximize Revenue w/ real-time insights 32 PubMatic is the leading marketing automation software company for publishers. Through real-time analytics, yield management, and workflow automation, PubMatic enables publishers to make smarter inventory decisions and improve revenue performance Business Need Apex based Solution Client Outcome • Ingest and analyze high volume clicks & views in real-time to help customers improve revenue - 200K events/second data flow • Report critical metrics for campaign monetization from auction and client logs - 22 TB/day data generated • Handle ever increasing traffic with efficient resource utilization • Always-on ad network, feedback loop for ad server • DataTorrent Enterprise platform, powered by Apache Apex • In-memory stream processing • Comprehensive library of pre-built operators including connectors • Built-in fault tolerance • Dynamically scalable • Real-time query from in-memory state • Management UI & Data Visualization console • Helps PubMatic deliver ad performance insights to publishers and advertisers in real-time instead of 5+ hours • Helps Publishers visualize campaign performance and adjust ad inventory in real-time to maximize their revenue • Enables PubMatic reduce OPEX with efficient compute resource utilization • Built-in fault tolerance ensures customers can always access ad network
  • 33. Industrial IoT applications 33 GE is dedicated to providing advanced IoT analytics solutions to thousands of customers who are using their devices and sensors across different verticals. GE has built a sophisticated analytics platform, Predix, to help its customers develop and execute Industrial IoT applications and gain real-time insights as well as actions. Business Need Apex based Solution Client Outcome • Ingest and analyze high-volume, high speed data from thousands of devices, sensors per customer in real-time without data loss • Predictive analytics to reduce costly maintenance and improve customer service • Unified monitoring of all connected sensors and devices to minimize disruptions • Fast application development cycle • High scalability to meet changing business and application workloads • Ingestion application using DataTorrent Enterprise platform • Powered by Apache Apex • In-memory stream processing • Built-in fault tolerance • Dynamic scalability • Comprehensive library of pre-built operators • Management UI console • Helps GE improve performance and lower cost by enabling real-time Big Data analytics • Helps GE detect possible failures and minimize unplanned downtimes with centralized management & monitoring of devices • Enables faster innovation with short application development cycle • No data loss and 24x7 availability of applications • Helps GE adjust to scalability needs with auto-scaling
  • 34. Smart energy applications 34 Silver Spring Networks helps global utilities and cities connect, optimize, and manage smart energy and smart city infrastructure. Silver Spring Networks receives data from over 22 million connected devices, conducts 2 million remote operations per year Business Need Apex based Solution Client Outcome • Ingest high-volume, high speed data from millions of devices & sensors in real-time without data loss • Make data accessible to applications without delay to improve customer service • Capture & analyze historical data to understand & improve grid operations • Reduce the cost, time, and pain of integrating with 3rd party apps • Centralized management of software & operations • DataTorrent Enterprise platform, powered by Apache Apex • In-memory stream processing • Pre-built operators/connectors • Built-in fault tolerance • Dynamically scalable • Management UI console • Helps Silver Spring Networks ingest & analyze data in real-time for effective load management & customer service • Helps Silver Spring Networks detect possible failures and reduce outages with centralized management & monitoring of devices • Enables fast application development for faster time to market • Helps Silver Spring Networks scale with easy to partition operators • Automatic recovery from failures
  • 36. Curious? 36 • http://apex.apache.org/ • Learn more - http://apex.apache.org/docs.html • Getting involved - http://apex.apache.org/community.html • Download - http://apex.apache.org/downloads.html • Follow @ApacheApex - https://twitter.com/apacheapex • Meetups - https://www.meetup.com/topics/apache-apex/ • Examples - https://github.com/DataTorrent/examples • Slideshare - http://www.slideshare.net/ApacheApex/presentations • https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=apache+apex • Free Enterprise License for Startups - https://www.datatorrent.com/product/startup-accelerator/