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~ Exploring
Critical
Rendering
Path
Why Performance Matters
@raphamundi's
Raphael Amorim
This guy seems like a nice
person, but he doesn’t.
Seriously. He likes topics
related to JavaScript, Python,
Clojure, WebGL, Algorithms and
sometimes force some git push.

Working most part of his time in
useless open source projects.
Works in globo.com, loves to
create useful tiny modules to
daily use.
@raphamundi
We write the
markup. . .



Then a page comes
out on the screen.
But how does
the browser
rendering
engine work?

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1#
Constructing
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Model
HTML markup is transformed into a
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CSS markup is transformed into a CSS
Object Model (CSSOM)
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HTML markup is transformed into a
Document Object Model (DOM)
CSS markup is transformed into a CSS
Object Model (CSSOM)
DOM and CSSOM are independent data
structures
Bytes ! characters ! tokens ! nodes ! object model
<html>
<head>
<meta charset=“utf-8">
<meta name="viewport"
content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1">
<title>The Astronaut</title>

<link href="style.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>
<p>Neil Armstrong</p>
<p><img src=“just-a-neil-picture.jpg”></p>
</body>
</html>
How does the browser process this page?
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62d38223ea202020203c6d657461206e616d653d2276696577706f72742220a20636f6e7465
6e743d2277696474683d6465766963652d77696474682c696e697469616c2d7363616c653d3
1223ea202020203c7469746c653e54686520417374726f6e6175743c2f7469746c653ea2020
20203c212d2d205374796c657368656574202d2d3e2020a202020203c6c696e6b2068726566
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643ea20203c626f64793ea202020203c703e4e65696c2041726d7374726f6e673c2f703ea20
2020203c703e3c696d67207372633d201c6a7573742d612d6e65696c2d706963747572652e6
a7067201d3e3c2f703ea20203c2f626f64793ea3c2f68746d6c3e
<html><head>…</head>…</html>
Conversion
Tokenizing
<html><head>…</head>…</html>
StartTag: html StartTag: head
EndTag: head EndTag: html

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We repeat the HTML process, but for
CSS instead of HTML:
Bytes ! characters ! tokens ! nodes ! CSSOM
2#
Render-tree
Construction
The DOM and CSSOM trees are combined
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to form the render tree
Render tree contains only the nodes
required to render the page
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size of each object
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on the page and all the CSSOM style
information for each node
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p
body
meta
html
link
“Neil Arm…” img
DOM
p img
body
CSSOM
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background: #FFF
color: black
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When we talk about the critical rendering path
we are typically talking about the HTML
markup, CSS and JavaScript
More critical content is related with above
the fold, page-loaded and server-side
rendered.
Less critical content is related with below
the fold, lazy-loaded and client-side
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How I
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論文紹介:A Systematic Survey of Prompt Engineering on Vision-Language Foundation ...
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patentspatent applicationpatent prosecution
Make critical assets as small as possible by
minifying and compressing both the html and
css (obfuscation process)
Asynchronous strategies to unblock the parser
Async keyword
Specifies that the script will be executed
asynchronously as soon as it is available 



(only for external scripts)

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<html>
<head>
<meta name="viewport" 

content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1">
<title>Some Random Page</title>
<link href="style.css" rel="stylesheet">
<script src="jquery.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div><img src="polemic-photo.jpg"></div>
<script src=“main.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
<html>
<head>
<meta name="viewport" 

content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1">
<title>Some Random Page</title>
<link href="style.css" rel="stylesheet">
<script src="jquery.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div><img src="polemic-photo.jpg"></div>
<script src=“main.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
<html>
<head>
<meta name="viewport" 

content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1">
<title>Some Random Page</title>
<link href="style.css" rel="stylesheet">
<script src="jquery.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div><img src="polemic-photo.jpg"></div>
<script src=“main.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
DOMContentLoaded: 1.73s
<html>
<head>
<meta name="viewport" 

content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1">
<title>Some Random Page</title>
<link href="style.css" rel="stylesheet">
<script src="jquery.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div><img src="polemic-photo.jpg"></div>
<script src=“main.js” async></script>
</body>
</html>

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content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1">
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</body>
</html>
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<head>
<meta name="viewport" 

content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1">
<title>Some Random Page</title>
<link href="style.css" rel="stylesheet">
<script src="jquery.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div><img src="polemic-photo.jpg"></div>
<script src=“main.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
DOMContentLoaded: 191ms
Script
Loaders
or Defer all of JavaScript
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E.g: Requirejs, Yepnope.js, LABjs and Nautilus.js

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Specify which scripts will be loaded
according to the interaction
Pros:
Specify which scripts will be loaded
according to the interaction
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Who use it?
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g1.globo.com - Nautilusjs
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A good approach is to inline only the
critical css, and downloading the
remaining css async
Concatenate and minify, always.
github.com/filamentgroup/loadCSS
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Images
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Inline
Images

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success: function() {
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HTTP
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TCP
Increase initial TCP
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restart (SSR)
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Make less requests!
Measure
your
metrics
developers.google.com/speed/pagespeed/insights

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You
@raphamundi

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