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I was playing with commuting the derivative operator $D$ and the scalar multiplication of $x$ applying to a function $f$. If $[\cdot,\cdot]$ denote de commutator, then:

$$[D,x]f=D(xf)-xDf=f+xDf-xDf=f$$

If we abstract for applying to a function, $[D,x]=1$. I notice that when you choose an arbitrary $n$-grade of $D$, denoted as $D^n$, the commutation with $x$ gives a "power rule", similar to the derivation of just $x^n$, the last exponent meaning the usual $n$-power of $x$:

$$[D^n,x]=nD^{n-1}$$

For example:

$$[D^2,x]f=D^2(xf)-xD^2f=D(f+xDf)-xD^2f$$ $$=Df+xD^2f+Df-xD^2f=2Df $$

$$\Rightarrow [D^2,x]=2D $$ If we go further and generalize to $[D^n,x^m]\dots$

$$[D^n,x^m]=\sum_{k=1}^n {n \choose k}D^k(x^m)D^{n-k} $$

which resemble to the binomial formula.

Is there a meaning for this result?

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  • $\begingroup$ How do you get $[D,x]f=f$? $\endgroup$
    – Karl
    Commented May 27, 2023 at 16:33
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    $\begingroup$ @Karl $[D,x]f=D(xf)-xDf=f+xDf-xDf=f$ $\endgroup$ Commented May 27, 2023 at 16:37
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    $\begingroup$ I think the sum should start at $k = 1$ in your case, but really it's just Leibniz's rule applied to $f$ and $g(x) = x^m$. You have one less term but that's because in the commutator you get rid of $x^m D^n f$. As for a "meaning" for the formula, I'd say a good way to think about this is to see that the binomial theorem is true on rings as long as the concerned elements commute, and as such it's true for the ring of smooth functions with addition being regular addition and the product being the differentiation. $\endgroup$
    – Bruno B
    Commented May 27, 2023 at 18:04
  • $\begingroup$ Do tell me if what I've said would be good enough for you as an answer, I'll leave it as a comment for now. $\endgroup$
    – Bruno B
    Commented May 27, 2023 at 18:09
  • $\begingroup$ @BrunoB you was right. In my notebook was with $k=1$. The less of your reply, I'd study it. Thanks. I'd also wanted to ask about a "transpose" $D$, but not in the common use in functional analysis, instead as a left operator acting on function, because you can rewrite the formula as $(D^t+D)^n$ acting on the left on $x^n$, but I only guessing here. $\endgroup$ Commented May 27, 2023 at 19:33

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