Web servers – features, installation and configuration

Web technologies allow access to resources on the World Wide Web and facilitate communication and information sharing. Core web technologies include HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and standards for document identification and display that enable linking and sharing of documents. Emerging technologies like AJAX, Ruby on Rails, Web 2.0, and Web 3.0 have led to advances in web development, online communities, and business.

The document discusses various topics related to the internet and web fundamentals: - The internet is a global network of interconnected smaller networks owned by no single entity, while the web refers specifically to the collection of hyperlinked documents accessible via HTTP. - HTTP is the application layer protocol for transferring data on the web. Other topics discussed include DNS, cookies, sessions, forms, error codes, and common web/application server architectures. - Questions are also addressed regarding URLs, domains, and the differences between IP addresses and domain names in web requests.

HTTP is the application-layer protocol for transmitting hypertext documents across the internet. It works by establishing a TCP connection between an HTTP client, like a web browser, and an HTTP server. The client sends a request to the server using methods like GET or POST. The server responds with a status code and the requested resource. HTTP is stateless, meaning each request is independent and servers do not remember past client interactions. Cookies and caching are techniques used to maintain some state and improve performance.

Client-side and server-side, what are they and what are their differences? This guide will answer the age-old question - https://code-boxx.com/server-side-vs-client-side/

Web publishing involves creating and uploading websites, webpages, blogs, and other content to the internet. It requires web development software, an internet connection, and a web server. Content is uploaded to the web server via the internet connection. Web servers can be shared, hosting multiple sites, or dedicated to a single site. Domain names provide the address for websites and must be purchased separately from web hosting. Nameservers help connect domain names to server IP addresses through the domain name system.

The document discusses several TCP/IP protocols used for communication over the internet including SMTP, HTTP, FTP, TFTP, NNTP, SNMP, POP, IMAP, and Telnet. It describes the basic functions and workflows of each protocol.

A web server is software that responds to requests from web browsers to serve web pages. It is part of a multi-tier architecture with an information tier (database), middle tier (application logic), and client tier (user interface). The most common protocol for communication between clients and servers is HTTP, with the server responding to GET and POST requests with web pages or other responses. Popular web server software includes Apache, IIS, and Tomcat.

This document discusses different types of web search engines. It explains that search engines use keywords to search websites and return results ordered by relevance. Some key types are crawler-based engines like Google that use spiders to index websites, directories that are maintained by people, and hybrid engines combining crawling and directories. Meta search engines submit queries to multiple other search engines and summarize the results. Search engines are important because they help filter the vast amount of information on the billions of web pages to quickly find specific needed information.

The document provides instructions for configuring the Apache web server. It discusses: - Apache processes requests by translating URLs, parsing headers, checking access controls and MIME types, invoking handlers, and logging requests. - Apache is configured by editing the httpd.conf file, which contains directives defining the configuration, including global settings, site configuration, access controls, virtual hosting, and logging. - Virtual hosting allows multiple websites to run on the same server using different domain names or IP addresses. Name-based virtual hosts use the same IP but different names, while IP-based hosts use different IPs.

Apache is an open source web server that is very popular, secure, fast, and reliable. It implements many features including CGI, SSL, virtual domains, and plug-in modules for extensibility. Apache uses simple text configuration files like httpd.conf to configure settings and is run from the command line using scripts like apachectl to start, stop, and restart the server.

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is the set of rules for transferring files between clients and servers on the World Wide Web. Communication occurs through HTTP requests from clients to servers and HTTP responses from servers to clients. A typical request/response cycle involves a browser requesting an HTML page from a server, which returns the page, and then the browser requesting and receiving additional files like stylesheets, images, and JavaScript code referenced in the HTML. An example is provided of an HTTP request from a browser to a server for a youtube.html page and the corresponding response.

This document provides an overview of Java servlets technology, including: 1. What Java servlets are and their main purposes and advantages such as portability, power, and integration with server APIs. 2. Key aspects of servlet architecture like the servlet lifecycle, the HttpServletRequest and HttpServletResponse objects, and how different HTTP methods map to servlet methods. 3. Examples of simple servlets that process parameters, maintain a session counter, and examples of deploying servlets in Eclipse IDE.

HTTP is a request-response protocol for transferring data over the internet. It was introduced by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN. The client submits an HTTP request to the server, which responds with status information and requested content. HTTP uses TCP for network connectivity and relies on DNS to connect clients to servers. HTTP 1.0 defined GET, POST, and HEAD methods, while HTTP 1.1 added PUT, DELETE, TRACE, OPTIONS, and CONNECT. Persistent connections allow multiple requests/responses over a single TCP connection, improving efficiency versus non-persistent connections requiring separate TCP for each transaction.

With the commercialization of the web, web development has become one of the blooming industries. Learning web development enables you to create attractive websites using HTML, CSS, JQuery and JavaScript. Web development includes developing simple and complex web-based applications, electronic businesses and social networking sites. Being a web developer you can deliver applications as web services which is only available in desktop applications.

This document provides an overview of distributed web-based systems and the World Wide Web. It discusses traditional client-server web architectures as well as more advanced multi-tiered architectures. Key aspects of the web covered include HTTP, web servers, caching, and content distribution networks. The document is attributed to multiple authors and universities and has been modified by the presenting author.