Software development

Software Development
Rudi Hartono
Computer Science - Indonesia University of Education
E-learning Content Developer at Comlabs USDI - ITB
rudi.hartono@student.upi.edu
@rudiCungkring

05/03/2014


1

Vignette – Boeing Dreamliner Faces a Few Bump
in the Road
The Boeing Company is the largest manufacturer of commercial jetliner and
military aircraft combined. The company also designs and manufactures
defense systems. Missiles, satellite, launch vehicles, and advanced
information system communication systems for its customers in more than
90 countries around the world. Boeing’s annual revenue for 2008 was $61
billion.
Boeing 787 Dreamliner – commercial airplane (a fast, fuel-efficient midsizeda
airplane, designed to carry anywhere from 210 to 330 passengers), making
this the most successful sales launch of a new commercial airplne in
boeing’s history.
2008 Boeing had orders for 861 Dreamliners valued $144 billion. 2009 First
Flight of seven test models was planned for June 2009, and delivery first
Dreamliner scheduled for the first quarter of 2010.

 The test flight has been delayed.
05/03/2014


2

Why?

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3

Because:
• Incomplete work on some of the aircraft component
supplied by contractors.
• September 6, 2008 Boeing assembly-line workers
went on strike for 25 days
• Problems with the software that controls and
monitors the braking system for the aircraft
“it’s not that the brakes don’t work, it’s to do the
traceability of the software”, said Pat Shanahan,
Boeing vice president and 787 general manager.
05/03/2014


4

So:
Furthermore, shrewd customers have a built-in paymentpenalty clause for late delivery, which may cost Boeing
an additional hundreds of millions of dollars.

05/03/2014


5

Learning Objectives
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Why do companies require high-quality software in business
systems, industrial process, control systems, and customer
products?
What potential ethical do software manufacturers face making
trade-offs between project schedules, project cost, and software
quality?
What are the four most common types of software product
liability claims?
What are the essential component of a software development
methodology, and what are be benefit of using such a
methodology?
How can the CMMI improve an organization’s software
development process?
What is a safety-critical system, and what special actions are
required during its development?

05/03/2014


6

Strategies for engineering quality
software

 :’(
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7

Strategies for engineering quality software

• Software quality is the degree to which
the attributes of a software product
enables it to meet the needs of its users.
• A software defect is any error that, if
not removed, would cause a system to
fail to meet the needs of its users.
In April 2003, Sallie Mae, the largest U.S. Student loan company ± 800.000
Borrowers that a software installation error had resulted in a
miscalculation of monthly payments on their loans.
05/03/2014


8

Software Quality
•

•

Quality management : focuses of define,
measure, and refine the quality of the
information systems development process
and product its various stages.
Deliverables are the items developed
during the development process
(flowcharts, documentation, software, etc.)

05/03/2014


9

Primary cause of poor software quality
•
•
•

Many developers do not know how to design
quality into software from the very start.
The extreme pressure that software
companies feel to reduce the time to market
for their product.
All software designer and programmers make
mistakes in defining user requirements and
turning them into lines of codes.
The Windows Vista operating system took over five years to develop and
contains than 50 million lines of code. Even if 99.9 is ready for released to
public, there would still be about one bug per 10.000 lines of code. Thus
software that is used daily by workers.

05/03/2014


10

The importance of Software Quality
A business information systems is a set of interrelated
component including hardware, software, databases.
Networks, people and procedures that collects and
processes data and disseminates the output.
Type of business system

Captures and records business transactions
Decision support system (DSS)

05/03/2014

Software problems may have caused frustations in the
past, but mismanaged software can now be fatal to a
business, causing it to miss product delivery dates.
Incur increased product development cost, and deliver
product that have poor quality
11

Software Product Liability
• Product liability is the liability of manufacturers, sellers, leasers,
and others for the injuries caused by defective products.
• Strict liability means that the defendant is responsible for injuring
another person regardless of negligence or intent.

•
•
•
•

•

Under negligence, a software supplier cannot be held
responsible for every product defect that causes customer or
third party loss.
Responsibility is limited to harmful defects that could have
been detected and corrected through “reasonable” software
development practices.
Warranty assures the buyer that a product meets certain
standards of quality.
If a product fails to meets its warranty, the customer can sue
the seller for breach of warranty.
Intentional misrepresentation occurs when a seller
misrepresents the quality of a product

05/03/2014


12

Software Development Process
• Software Development Methodology – a standard,
proven work process that enables system analysts,
programmers, project manager, and other make to
controlled and orderly progress in developing highquality software
• Quality Assurance (QA) – methods within the
development cycle designed to guarantee reliable
operation of the product.
2 ways that can protect software manufacturers from legal liability.
An effective methodology reduces the numbers of error
Widely accepted development methods, Negligence on its part is harder to
prove

05/03/2014


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Dynamic Testing

Functional testing or behavior
testing,
Incorrect or missing functionality,
Interfaces error,
Errors in data structures,
Behavior or performances errors,
Initialization and termination errors
05/03/2014

Testing based on program code
Control flow
Execute every statement of program


14

Other Types of Software Testing

Integration
Testing

Static testing

User
Acceptance
Testing (UAT)

System
testing

05/03/2014


15

Capability Maturity Model Integration
(CMMI)
• Carnegie Mellon Institute developed the
Capability Maturity Model for Software.
• It defines five levels of software development
process maturity and identifies the issues
most critical to software quality and process
improvement.
Partial of organization using CMMI: Accenture, Boeing, DynCorp, Federal
Aviation Administration, General Dynamic. IBM Global Services, Intel,
Samsung, and other
05/03/2014


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Capability Maturity Model Integration
(CCMI)
Maturity
Level

Definition

Percent of all
reporting
organizations
at this level

Not
Reported

8.4%

Initial

Process unpredictable, poorly controlled, and
reactive

1.9%

Managed

Process characterized for project and often reactive

33.3%

Defined

For the organizational and proactive

33.8%

Quantitativ
ely
managed

Process Measured and controlled

4.4%

Optimizing

Focus on continuous process improvement

18.2%

05/03/2014


17

Development of Safety-Critical
Systems
Is one whose failure may cause injury or death

The Mariner I space probe, which was intended to make a close flyby of
the planet venus, as ordered destroyed less than five minutes after launch
in july 1962. Faulty software code caused the flight control computer to
perform a series of unnecessary course correction signal, which threw the
spacecraft dangerous off course.
05/03/2014


18

The key of safety-critical systems
Project safety engineer
Risk
Redundancy
N-version Programming
Reliability
Bisi aya carita anu lain haha

05/03/2014


19

Quality Management Standard
•
•

The International Organization for
Standardization issued the ISO series of business
management standards in 1988.
ISO 9000 is a series of formal standards to follow
when developing quality information systems.

05/03/2014


20

Quality Management Standard
•

•
•
•
•

To be ISO 9000 certified, a company must do three
things:

– Have written procedures for everything they do.
– Follow those procedures.
– Prove to an auditor that they have written procedures
and that they follow them ISO 9000 is a series of formal
standards to follow when developing quality information
systems.
ISO 9001 – Design, development, production, installation,
service
ISO 9002 – Production, installation, service
ISO 9003 – Final inspection and test
ISO 9004 – Quality management and quality systems
elements

05/03/2014


21

Failure Mode and Effects Analysis
(FMEA)
•

•

Important technique used to develop ISO 9000compliant quality systems by both evaluating
reliability and determining the effects of system and
equipment failures.
The Goal of FMEA is to identify potential design and
process failures early in a project.

LifeScan is part of Johnson & Johnson and for over 20 years it has
developed products for people with diabetes, every day, more than 3
million people depend on its OneTouch Systems
05/03/2014


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Resource & References
Click smile icon for detail information


Testing Overview and Black-Box Testing Techniques – Laurie
Williams 2006
Testing Overview and White-Box Testing Techniques – Laurie
Williams 2006

05/03/2014


23

Software development

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