Slides chapters 26-27

Agile development focuses on effective communication, customer collaboration, and incremental delivery of working software. The key principles of agile development according to the Agile Alliance include satisfying customers, welcoming changing requirements, frequent delivery, collaboration between business and development teams, and self-organizing teams. Extreme Programming (XP) is an agile process model that emphasizes planning with user stories, simple design, pair programming, unit testing, and frequent integration and testing.

Slides from Software Testing Techniques course offered at Kansas State University in Spring'16 and Spring'17. Entire course material can be found at https://github.com/rvprasad/software-testing-course.

Software design is a process through which requirements are translated into a ― blueprint for constructing the software. Initially, the blueprint shows how the software will look and what kind of data or components will be required to in making it. The software is divided into separately named components, often called ‘MODULES’, that are used to detect problems at ease. This follows the "DIVIDE AND CONQUER" conclusion. It's easier to solve a complex problem when you break it into manageable pieces.

A software process provides stability, control, and organization for software development. It consists of a series of predictable steps that lead to a timely, high-quality product. Key elements include framework activities like planning, modeling, requirements analysis, design, construction, testing, and deployment. The specific tasks and level of rigor for each activity may vary based on the project. Process assessment ensures the process meets criteria for successful software engineering. The primary goal of any process is high-quality software delivered on time through reduced rework.

Software development process models Rapid Application Development (RAD) Model Evolutionary Process Models Spiral Model THE FORMAL METHODS MODEL Specialized Process Models The Concurrent Development Model

Prescriptive process models attempt to organize the software development life cycle by defining activities, their order, and relationships. Early models like code-and-fix lacked predictability and manageability. Newer models strive for structure and order to achieve coordination, while allowing for changes as feedback is received. However, relying solely on prescriptive models may be inappropriate in a world that demands flexibility and change.

The waterfall model is a sequential (non-iterative) design process, used in software development processes, in which progress is seen as flowing steadily downwards (like a waterfall) through the phases of conception, initiation, analysis, design, construction, testing, production/implementation and maintenance.

The document discusses key concepts for managing software projects including the four Ps of project management: People, Product, Process, and Project. It describes stakeholders and team structures, and emphasizes establishing clear objectives and scope, tracking progress, and learning lessons through post-mortem reviews. Metrics for both processes and products are discussed to assess status, risks, and quality in order to guide improvement.

This document discusses various topics related to software design including design principles, concepts, modeling, and architecture. It provides examples of class/data design, architectural design, interface design, and component design. Some key points discussed include: - Software design creates representations and models that provide details on architecture, data structures, interfaces, and components needed to implement the system. - Design concepts like abstraction, modularity, encapsulation, and information hiding are important to reduce complexity and improve design. - Different types of design models include data/class design, architectural design, interface design, and component-level design. - Good software architecture and design lead to systems that are more understandable, maintainable, and of higher quality.

Formal methods are mathematically based techniques for specifying, designing, and verifying software systems. Formal specifications precisely state what software should do without describing how. Formal verification rigorously proves an algorithm's correctness against a specification using logical rules. While formal methods reduce errors, the cost of full formalization is often prohibitive for industry; lightweight formal methods employing partial specification and focused analysis are alternatives.

This document defines key concepts related to quality in software engineering, including definitions of quality, software quality, and several quality factor frameworks. It discusses Garvin's quality dimensions, McCall's quality factors, ISO 9126 quality factors, and targeted quality factors. The document also covers concepts like good enough software and the cost of quality.

The iterative model of the software development lifecycle involves developing software in cycles. Each cycle creates a new version of the software by specifying, implementing, and reviewing a part of the requirements. This allows development to begin before all requirements are known and lets the software evolve through feedback. Benefits include early detection of defects, reliable user feedback, and more time spent designing. Limitations are that each phase is rigid and costly architecture issues may arise from a lack of upfront requirements gathering. The iterative model is best for projects with clearly defined but evolving requirements or large projects where some details can change over time.

The document discusses various software process models including prescriptive models like waterfall model and incremental process model. It also covers evolutionary models like prototyping and spiral process model. Specialized models covered are component based development, formal methods model, aspect oriented development and unified process model. The key highlights are that different models are suited for different situations based on project needs and each model has advantages and disadvantages to consider.

The document describes a course on software engineering taught by Dr. P. Visu at Velammal Engineering College. It includes the course objectives, outcomes, syllabus, and learning resources. The key objectives are to understand software processes, requirements engineering, object-oriented concepts, software design, testing, and project management techniques. The syllabus covers topics like software processes, requirements analysis, object-oriented concepts, software design, testing, and project management over 5 units. Recommended textbooks and online references are also provided.

The software process involves specification, design and implementation, validation, and evolution activities. It can be modeled using plan-driven approaches like the waterfall model or agile approaches. The waterfall model involves separate sequential phases while incremental development interleaves activities. Reuse-oriented processes focus on assembling systems from existing components. Real processes combine elements of different models. Specification defines system requirements through requirements engineering. Design translates requirements into a software structure and implementation creates an executable program. Validation verifies the system meets requirements through testing. Evolution maintains and changes the system in response to changing needs.

What is Software project management?? , What is a Project?, What is a Product?, What is Project Management?, What is Software Project Life Cycle?, What is a Product Life Cycle?, Software Project, Software Triple Constraints, Software Project Manager, Project Planning,

This document provides an overview and introduction to software metrics. It discusses measurement concepts and why measurement is important for software engineering. It covers topics like the basics of measurement, collecting metrics data, analyzing data, and measuring internal and external attributes of software. Specific metrics discussed include size, structure, complexity, reliability, and test coverage. The document is intended to introduce readers to fundamental software metrics concepts.

The document discusses formal methods for software specification and modeling. It provides examples of using formal languages like Z and OCL to formally specify the state and behavior of a print spooler system. Key concepts discussed include using sets, logic, and mathematics to precisely define a system's state, operations, preconditions, and postconditions to ensure consistency and avoid ambiguity.

The document discusses the key elements of project management: people, product, process, and project. It focuses on the importance of: - Engaging the right stakeholders and cultivating a motivated software team led by competent leaders, - Clearly defining the product objectives and scope before planning, - Using the appropriate software process as the framework to establish a comprehensive development plan, and - Planning and controlling the project to manage complexity and avoid common causes of failure like cost overruns.

The document discusses different software process models. It begins by describing the "build and fix" model, where software is constructed without planning and then repeatedly fixed based on user feedback. This approach is problematic for large projects. The document then introduces prescriptive process models which prescribe ordered activities and tasks. The waterfall model and V-model are described as examples of prescriptive linear sequential models. Finally, incremental process models are covered, which deliver software in prioritized increments to provide early user value.

The document discusses various software engineering practices. It outlines core principles like keeping things simple, maintaining vision, and planning for reuse. It also discusses specific practices for communication, planning, modeling, construction, coding, testing, and deployment. For each practice area, it provides principles and guidelines to effectively carry out those practices when developing software.

The document discusses project scheduling and tracking in software engineering. It provides reasons why projects may be late, such as unrealistic deadlines or changing requirements. It discusses principles for effective scheduling like compartmentalization of tasks and defining responsibilities. Metrics like earned value analysis are presented to quantitatively track project progress versus what was planned. Risk management techniques like proactive risk analysis are outlined to improve project success.

The document discusses various modeling techniques used in requirements analysis for web applications (WebApps), including: 1) Content modeling to identify and describe all content objects and their relationships. 2) Interaction modeling using use cases, sequence diagrams, state diagrams, and prototypes to describe how users interact. 3) Functional modeling to define all necessary operations and processing functions implied by usage scenarios. The techniques help analysts understand WebApp requirements by modeling key elements like content, interactions, and functions.

The document discusses system engineering and requirements engineering for software systems. It covers topics such as: 1) The hierarchy of system elements including software, hardware, people, databases, documentation and procedures. 2) The requirements engineering process including inception, elicitation, elaboration, negotiation, specification and validation. 3) Techniques for eliciting requirements such as use cases, scenarios, interviews and collaborative requirements gathering meetings.

The document discusses several key aspects of software and software engineering: 1. Software serves both as a product that transforms information and as a vehicle that delivers computing capabilities. It controls programs, enables communications, and helps build other software. 2. Software is more complex and difficult to develop than hardware but easier to modify and upgrade. Software costs are concentrated in design rather than production. 3. Software evolves and deteriorates over time unlike hardware, which wears out. Most software continues to be custom built despite a slow trend toward component-based construction. Maintaining and evolving legacy software poses challenges. 4. The document outlines several "laws" and myths regarding software evolution, management, customers, and practitioners

Discuss about the system development methodologies with brief introduction and some main methodologies. Each and every methodology describe the Basic Principle, Strengths, Weaknesses, Situations where most appropriate and Situations where least appropriate with diagrams.

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Software metrics involve collecting measurements related to software development processes, projects, and products. There are different types of metrics including process, project, and product metrics. Process metrics measure the software development lifecycle, project metrics measure team efficiency, and product metrics measure quality. Metrics can also be private, used by individuals, or public, used to measure teams and processes. Size-oriented metrics are computed based on the size of the software, often expressed in lines of code.

The document provides an overview of the Unified Software Process (UP). It discusses the history and development of UP over decades. Key aspects of UP include being use-case driven, architecture-centric, and iterative and incremental. UP recognizes four important aspects of software development: people, project, product, and process. Use cases drive the entire development process. UP emphasizes iterative development and producing incremental working software. The Rational Unified Process (RUP) provides additional tools and content to support applying UP.

Short questions : Que 1 : Define Software Testing. Que 2 : What is risk identification ? Que 3 : What is SCM ? Que 4 : Define Debugging. Que 5 : Explain Configuration audit. Que 6 : Differentiate between white box testing & black box testing. Que 7 : What do you mean by metrics ? Que 8 : What do you mean by version control ? Que 9 : Explain Object Oriented Software Engineering. Que 10 : What are the advantages and disadvantages of manual testing tools ? Long Questions: Que 1 : What do you mean by baselines ? Explain their importance. Que 2 : What do you mean by change control ? Explain the various steps in detail. Que 3 : Explain various types of testing in detail. Que 4 : Differentiate between automated testing and manual testing. Que 5 : What is web engineering ? Explain in detail its model and features.

This document provides an overview of software development lifecycles and testing. It discusses the typical phases of the SDLC, including planning, analysis, design, implementation, and maintenance. It describes two common SDLC methodologies: the waterfall model and agile/scrum model. It also defines different types of testing like static vs dynamic, verification vs validation, functional testing, regression testing, and smoke testing. Finally, it provides details on unit, integration, system, and user acceptance testing.

1. Software quality assurance involves quality control through inspections, reviews and testing throughout development to ensure work products meet specifications. 2. The costs of quality include prevention costs like planning and training, appraisal costs like testing, and failure costs like rework and support; finding and fixing defects early through reviews reduces costs. 3. Formal technical reviews uncover errors at various stages of development to catch them before they become costly defects later on; a review meeting follows constraints and produces an issues list and report that is tracked to resolution.

The document discusses software testing fundamentals and principles. It defines software testing as evaluating a product to determine if it contains any defects and satisfies requirements. Testing is important to prevent errors and ensure quality, security, efficiency and flexibility. The key goals of testing are to find defects, verify that specifications are properly implemented, and ensure customer expectations are met.

The document discusses software quality assurance. It covers key concepts like quality, quality control, quality assurance, cost of quality. It then discusses topics like software reviews, formal technical reviews, statistical quality assurance, and the SQA plan. The overall goal of software quality assurance is to achieve high-quality software products.

Software testing involves verifying that software meets requirements and works as intended. There are various testing types including unit, integration, system, and acceptance testing. Testing methodologies include black box testing without viewing code and white box testing using internal knowledge. The goal is to find bugs early and ensure software reliability.

This document provides an overview of key topics in software quality assurance including the cost of quality, definitions, the purpose and contents of an SQA plan. The SQA plan aims to ensure the desired quality of software products and development processes. It describes procedures, standards, reviews, problem reporting and resolution processes, configuration management, and other quality control methods. Maintaining thorough documentation, tracking issues, and ensuring supplier quality are important aspects covered in an SQA plan.