With co-presenter Maninder Singh, delivered a presentation about hypervisors and virtualization technology for an independent topic study project for the Operating System Design (EECS 4221) course at York University, Canada in October 2014.
Virtualization, briefly, is the separation of resources or requests for a service from the underlying physical delivery of that service. It is a concept in which access to a single underlying piece of hardware is coordinated so that multiple guest operating systems can share a single piece of hardware, with no guest operating system being aware that it is actually sharing anything at all.
The document discusses different types of virtualization including hardware, network, storage, memory, software, data, and desktop virtualization. Hardware virtualization includes full, para, and partial virtualization. Network virtualization includes internal and external virtualization. Storage virtualization includes block and file virtualization. Memory virtualization enhances performance through shared, distributed, or networked memory that acts as an extension of main memory. Software virtualization allows guest operating systems to run virtually. Data virtualization manipulates data without technical details. Desktop virtualization provides remote access to work from any location for flexibility and data security.
Virtualization allows multiple operating systems to run simultaneously on a single computer by transforming hardware into software. It works by installing a virtualization layer, either using a bare-metal hypervisor that does not require an operating system or a hosted hypervisor that runs as an application on an operating system. Each operating system runs within an isolated virtual machine, which appears like a separate computer to users but shares the physical resources of the host computer. Different types of virtualization include full, para, and OS-level virtualization. Virtualization enables server consolidation and transformation of physical servers for multiple applications.
This document introduces the Windows Server 2008 Hyper-V virtualization platform. It provides an overview of Hyper-V architecture and features such as isolation, security assumptions, and live migration capabilities. It also demonstrates how to install and manage Hyper-V through tools like Hyper-V Manager and Windows PowerShell. Finally, it discusses the role of System Center Virtual Machine Manager in providing a centralized management solution for virtualized environments.
This document provides an overview of VMware virtualization solutions including ESXi, vSphere, and vCenter. It describes what virtualization and hypervisors are, lists VMware's product lines, and summarizes key features and capabilities of ESXi, vSphere, and vCenter such as centralized management, monitoring, high availability, and scalability.
Server virtualization allows multiple virtual machines to run on the same physical server hardware. It increases hardware utilization and enables server consolidation. The benefits of virtualization include higher utilization, decreased provisioning times, load balancing, improved security, and easier disaster recovery. However, virtualization also increases management complexity and physical hardware failures can affect multiple virtual machines.
Virtualization is a technique that separates a service from the underlying physical hardware. It allows multiple operating systems to run simultaneously on a single computer by decoupling the software from the hardware. There are two main approaches - hosted virtualization runs atop an operating system, while hypervisor-based virtualization installs directly on the hardware for better performance and scalability. A virtualization layer called a VMM manages and partitions CPU, memory, and I/O access for the guest operating systems. Virtualization overcomes the challenge that x86 operating systems assume sole ownership of the hardware through techniques like binary translation, para-virtualization with OS assistance, or newer hardware-assisted virtualization.
- Virtualization allows multiple operating systems to run concurrently on a single physical machine by presenting each virtual operating system with a virtual hardware environment. A hypervisor manages access to the physical hardware resources and isolates the virtual machines.
- Cloud computing extends virtualization by allowing virtual servers and other resources to be dynamically provisioned on demand from large shared computing infrastructure. This improves flexibility and allows users to pay only for resources that are consumed.
- The hypervisor software manages the virtual machines and allocates physical resources to each one while isolating them from each other. Example hypervisors include VMware, Xen, and KVM. Virtualization improves hardware utilization and makes infrastructure more flexible and cost-effective.
Virtualization involves dividing the resources of a computer into multiple execution environments. It has been used since the 1960s and there are several types including hardware, desktop, and language virtualization. The key components of a virtualization architecture are the hypervisor and guest/host machines. Hypervisors allow multiple operating systems to run on a single system and can be type 1 (runs directly on hardware) or type 2 (runs within an operating system). Virtualization provides benefits but also has limitations related to resource allocation and compatibility that vendors continue working to address.
One can Study the key concept of Virtualization, its types, why Virtualization and what are the use cases and Benefits of Virtualization and example of Virtualization.
This document discusses virtualization using VMware. It defines virtualization as running multiple operating systems on a single physical system by sharing hardware resources. VMware allows multiple virtual machines, each with their own virtual hardware, to run isolated from each other on the same physical machine. The document outlines key VMware features like partitioning, isolation, encapsulation, and hardware independence. It compares virtual machines, which are portable and isolated, to physical machines. VMware provides benefits like consolidation, reduced costs, increased efficiency, and security. The document provides basic instructions for installing VMware.
Virtualization Concepts
This document discusses various types of virtualization including server, storage, network, and application virtualization. It begins with defining virtualization as creating virtual versions of hardware platforms, operating systems, storage devices, and network resources. Server virtualization partitions physical servers into multiple virtual servers. Storage virtualization pools physical storage to appear as a single device. Network virtualization combines network resources into software-defined logical networks. Application virtualization encapsulates programs from the underlying OS. The document then covers the history of virtualization in mainframes and personal computers and dives deeper into specific virtualization types.
This document discusses virtual machines. It defines a virtual machine as software that creates a virtualized environment between the computer hardware and the end user, allowing the user to operate software. Virtual machines implement full virtual computer hardware and are created through a combination of real hardware and virtualizing software. There are two types of virtual machines: process virtual machines and system virtual machines. Virtual machines provide benefits like partitioning and isolation, allowing multiple operating systems and applications to run securely side-by-side on the same physical machine.
This presentation is prepared for anyone that needs to basic information about Microsoft virtualization solutions and VDI solutions on Hyper-V, Remote protocols and compatible devices.
Virtualization is a technology that allows multiple operating systems and applications to run on a single physical machine simultaneously. It provides a layer of abstraction between the physical hardware and the applications running on top of it. The document discusses concepts of virtualization like partitioning, full virtualization, paravirtualization, and VMware's product portfolio for data center, desktop, and mobile virtualization.
Virtual versions of servers, applications, networks and storage can be created through virtualization. Its main types include operating system virtualization (VMs), hardware virtualization, application-server virtualization, storage virtualization, network virtualization, administrative virtualization and application virtualization.
The document provides an overview of virtualization, including definitions, types of virtualization, and popular hypervisors. It discusses how virtualization addresses issues with underutilized servers in data centers by consolidating workloads. Full virtualization provides a complete hardware simulation but has challenges virtualizing certain architectures like x86. Paravirtualization modifies the guest OS, while hardware-assisted virtualization uses new CPU features to simplify virtualization. Memory, storage, network, and application virtualization are also summarized.
Virtualization allows the creation of virtual versions of servers, desktops, storage, and operating systems that can run simultaneously on a single physical machine. It provides benefits like consolidation of resources and isolation of systems. There are different types of virtualization including hardware, operating system, server, and storage virtualization. A hypervisor manages shared access to physical hardware resources and allows for the operation of multiple guest virtual machines on a single host machine. Machine imaging captures the state of a system to enable portability and deployment of virtual machines. Tools like VMware vSphere provide platforms for implementing virtualization and managing virtual infrastructures at large scale across servers, storage, and networks.
This document discusses virtualization and virtual machines. It begins with defining virtualization as using software to create virtual versions of hardware components like servers, storage, and networks. This allows multiple virtual machines to run on a single physical machine. The document then covers the history and advantages of virtualization, types of virtualization like server, desktop and network virtualization. It discusses popular virtualization software like VirtualBox and VMware and how to use virtual machines. Benefits of virtualization mentioned are reduced costs, faster provisioning, disaster recovery and simplified management. Requirements for running virtual machines and when virtualization makes sense for companies are also summarized.
Server virtualization concepts allow partitioning of physical servers into multiple virtual servers using virtualization software and hardware techniques. This improves resource utilization by running multiple virtual machines on a single physical server. Server virtualization provides benefits like reduced costs, higher efficiency, lower power consumption, and improved availability compared to running each application on its own physical server. Key components of server virtualization include virtual machines, hypervisors, CPU virtualization using techniques like Intel VT-x or AMD-V, memory virtualization, and I/O virtualization through methods like emulated, paravirtualized or direct I/O. KVM and QEMU are popular open source virtualization solutions, with KVM providing kernel-level virtualization support and Q
Virtualization allows multiple operating systems and applications to run on a single server at the same time, improving hardware utilization and flexibility. It reduces costs by consolidating servers and enabling more efficient use of resources. Key benefits of VMware virtualization include easier manageability, fault isolation, reduced costs, and the ability to separate applications.
XPDS16: High-Performance Virtualization for HPC Cloud on Xen - Jun Nakajima &...The Linux Foundation
We have been working to get Xen up and running on self-boot Intel® Xeon Phi processors to build HPC clouds. We see several challenges because of the unique (but not unusual for HPC) hardware technologies and performance requirements. For example, such hardware technologies include 1) >256 CPUs, 2) MCDRAM (high-bandwidth memory), 3) integrated fabric (i.e. Intel® Omni-Path). Unlike the “coprocessor“ model, supporting self-boot with >256 CPUs has various implications to Xen, including scheduling and scalability. We need to allow user applications to use MCDRAM directly to perform optimally. Also, we need to enable the integrated HPC fabric for the VM to use by direct I/O assignment.
In addition, we have only a single VM on each node to meet the high-performance requirements of HPC clouds. This (i.e. non-shared) model allowed us to optimize Xen more. In this talk, we share our design and lessons, and discuss the options we considered to achieve high-performance virtualization for HPC.
Hypervisors are becoming more and more widespread in embedded environments, from automotive to medical and avionics. Their use case is different from traditional server and desktop virtualization, and so are their requirements. This talk will explain why hypervisors are used in embedded, and the unique challenges posed by these environments to virtualization technologies.
Xen, a popular open source hypervisor, was born to virtualize x86 Linux systems for the data center. It is now the leading open source hypervisor for ARM embedded platforms. The presentation will show how the ARM port of Xen differs from its x86 counterpart. It will go through the fundamental design decisions that made Xen a good choice for ARM embedded virtualization. The talk will explain the implementation of key features such as device assignment and interrupt virtualization.
Very short overview of the Xen Project Release and Roadmap Process (for the blog). It covers the process valid up to and including Xen 4.6, and the approved proposal for Xen 4.7 and newer.
OSCON16: Analysis of the Xen code review process: An example of software deve...The Linux Foundation
The Xen Project’s code contributions have been growing 10% a year. However, during this period of growth, the code review process became much slower, leading to issues in the community. Code review in the Xen Project—as in many other FOSS projects—is performed on mailing lists. During the last few years, the project observed an increase in the number of messages devoted to code review—in particular, an increase in the number of code review messages per patch series or individual patch.
Everyone in the community had a different theory as to the root causes of the issues based on their observations: some developers believed we didn’t have enough reviewers, some felt the project’s maintainers had become more aggressive, and some felt code review was not coordinated enough. Many observations contradicted each other and were based only on opinions. Consequently, key members of the project could not agree on how to deal with the perceived issues.
Lars Kurth and Daniel Izquierdo explain why the project decided to use data mining techniques using software development analytics to address the issue. The project needed a detailed analysis to verify which theories were valid, which were not, and which were missed. To do this, the team defined a number of parameters in the code review process to determine if it was deteriorating in some way and pinpoint the root causes of this deterioration, if any. Lars and Daniel cover the project’s journey through a number of stories and explore the techniques that enabled the community to improve their review process.
This document discusses KVM virtualization and why it is considered the best platform. It states that KVM provides high performance, strong security through EAL4+ certification and SE Linux, and can save customers up to 70% on costs compared to other solutions. It also supports various operating systems and works with Red Hat products like OpenStack and Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization for managing virtualization. Charts are included showing KVM outperforming VMware on benchmark tests using different CPU core counts.
This document discusses virtualization, containers, and hyperconvergence. It provides an overview of virtualization and its benefits including hardware abstraction and multi-tenancy. However, virtualization also has challenges like significant overhead and repetitive configuration tasks. Containers provide similar benefits with less overhead by abstracting at the operating system level. The document then discusses how hyperconvergence combines compute, storage, and networking to simplify deployment and operations. It notes that many hyperconverged solutions still face virtualization challenges. The presentation argues that combining containers and hyperconvergence can provide both the benefits of containers' efficiency and hyperconvergence's scale. Stratoscale is presented as a solution that provides containers as a service with multi-tenancy, SLA-driven performance
This document discusses cloud computing concepts including cloud characteristics, architectural layers, infrastructure models, and virtualization. It focuses on the cloud ecosystem including cloud consumers, management, virtual infrastructure management using tools like OpenNebula, and virtual machine managers like Xen and KVM. OpenNebula is described as providing a unified view of virtual resources across platforms and managing VM lifecycles through orchestrating image, network, and hypervisor management.
This document discusses database backup and disaster recovery in the cloud. It defines key terms like disaster recovery (DR), which is preparing for and recovering from disasters, and defines a disaster as any event negatively impacting business continuity or finances. It notes statistics on businesses failing after data loss or disasters without recovery plans. Recovery Time Objective (RTO) is the time to restore systems after a disaster, while Recovery Point Objective (RPO) is acceptable data loss in time. The document discusses different disaster recovery strategies and their costs and impact on RTO and RPO, including local backups, online backups, pilot light, warm standby, and moving applications to the cloud for recovery.
This webinar discussed the use of the AWS Cloud as a disaster recovery (DR) environment. It also explored how the architectural approaches to DR in the AWS Cloud makes DR and BCP a great scenario for familiarising yourself with AWS before moving on to production application deployments in the cloud.
Air Canada was experiencing inefficiencies from using legacy software systems that were not integrated. Maintenix, an aviation MRO software from MIX Technologies, improved operational efficiency and decision making by providing an integrated system with enhanced visibility of fleet-wide data to allow maintenance, engineering and finance divisions to easily share information. Maintenix consists of six modules that support decisions like scheduling maintenance based on technician availability, reserving and issuing requested parts, and ensuring minimum inventory levels. Amazon provides cloud computing services like EC2 and S3 on a pay-as-you-use basis, benefiting subscribers through lower costs and increased scalability while generating additional income for Amazon through underutilized capacity. However, some businesses remain cautious due to lack
LF Collaboration Summit: Xen Project 4 4 Features and FuturesThe Linux Foundation
Xen Project 4.4 Release Information.
Delivered by Russell Pavlicek at Linux Foundation Collaborative Summit on March 27, 2014.
Updated for LinuxCon/CloudOpen North America in August 2014.
This webinar based on this presenation discusses the use of the AWS Cloud as a disaster recovery (DR) environment. It will explore how the architectural approaches to DR in the AWS Cloud makes DR and BCP a great scenario for familiarising yourself with AWS before moving on to production application deployments in the cloud.
Watch a recording of the webinar based on this presentation on YouTube here: https://youtu.be/YFuOTcOI8Bw
This document summarizes the need for disaster recovery and how cloud computing can help address that need. It discusses how downtime from disasters costs businesses billions annually. More companies now prioritize improving disaster recovery capabilities. Traditional approaches like backups and duplicate infrastructure are costly and complex. Virtualization allows workloads to be replicated to virtual machines in the cloud for fast recovery. PlateSpin Protect and Forge products help businesses replicate workloads to hosted virtual recovery hosts in the cloud, enabling one-click testing and recovery of workloads within minutes in the event of a disaster.
How to tune your Xen deployment for performance: Xen has several options and different kinds of guests, knowing when to use each kind of guest, and how to tune its parameters for optimal performance can make a big difference. This talk will cover the types of guests that can be deployed on Xen, and the different options you can use to obtain the best performance.
Paul Durant, leader of the Windows PV Drivers effort in Xen Project, discusses the history, architecture, interfaces, and use of the drivers. Using the Windows PV Drivers yield higher performance for Windows VMs.
Virtualization allows multiple operating systems and applications to run on a single host machine. It does this through virtual machines (VMs) which are isolated software containers that act like independent machines. The document discusses virtualization techniques including hardware virtualization using a hypervisor, paravirtualization, containers, and Docker. It covers concepts such as the virtual machine monitor (VMM), guest and host operating systems, and how virtualization improves efficiency and resource utilization.
This document provides an introduction to Hyper-V 2012 R2, including defining virtualization as creating virtual versions of hardware and software to run multiple operating systems on the same physical machine. It discusses the benefits of virtualization such as hardware isolation, resource utilization, easier management and cost reduction. It then defines a hypervisor as the software layer that allows virtual machines and describes Type 1 and Type 2 hypervisors. Finally, it gives a brief history of Microsoft Hyper-V releases from 2008 to 2012.
This document provides an overview of system virtualization. It defines virtualization as the abstraction of hardware resources into multiple execution environments. The benefits of virtualization include hardware independence, isolation, manageability and new opportunities like software as a service. The history of virtualization is discussed, along with hypervisor architecture and how hardware assists with virtualization. Considerations for virtualization like management complexity, pitfalls and skills requirements are also covered.
Virtualization allows multiple operating systems to run simultaneously on a single physical server using a hypervisor. This reduces costs by improving hardware utilization, lowering maintenance needs, and providing continuous server uptime. There are two main hypervisor types: native hypervisors have direct access to server hardware while hosted hypervisors run within an operating system. Virtualization offers advantages like zero downtime maintenance, dynamic resource allocation, and automated backups.
This document discusses virtualization and provides an overview of key concepts. It defines virtualization as software that allows multiple operating systems and applications to run on the same server at the same time. It describes benefits like reduced costs, increased availability and productivity. It explains that a virtual machine emulates a computer and can run its own operating system. Finally, it discusses types of virtualization and companies in the space like VMware and their product VMware Workstation.
Virtualization allows multiple operating systems and applications to run on a single hardware device by dividing the resources virtually. It involves partitioning the resources of a physical machine, like CPU, memory and storage, and presenting them as multiple virtual machines. There are two main types of hypervisors - Type 1 runs directly on the hardware and Type 2 runs on an existing operating system. Virtualization provides benefits like increased hardware utilization, security, development flexibility and more. It can be applied to servers, desktops, applications, networks and storage.
Principles of Virtualization - Introduction to Virtualization Software Rubal Sagwal
Introduction to virtualization Software:
-Introduction to Vsphere
-ESXi
- Types of Hyper-visor
-VCenter Server
-Vsphere client
-Introduction to HYPER-V.
This document compares several hypervisors, including VMWare ESXi, Xen, KVM, and Microsoft Hyper-V. It classifies hypervisors as either monolithic or microlithic based on their kernel organization. It provides details on the architecture and components of VMWare ESXi, Xen, KVM, and Microsoft Hyper-V. It also summarizes the results of various performance tests conducted on these hypervisors for CPU, disk I/O, memory, and network I/O. In these tests, KVM generally had the best performance, while Xen showed relatively poorer performance.
Virtualization allows multiple virtual environments to run on a single physical machine by abstracting hardware resources. There are two main types of hypervisors that enable virtualization: Type 1 hypervisors run directly on hardware and Type 2 hypervisors run on an existing operating system. Virtual machines emulate hardware and allow independent operating systems to run in isolated environments. Containerization provides operating system-level virtualization using containers that share resources more efficiently than virtual machines. Kubernetes is an open-source tool that automates deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications.
Virtualization allows multiple operating systems and applications to run on a single hardware device by dividing the resources virtually. There are two types of hypervisors - Type 1 runs directly on hardware and Type 2 runs on an existing operating system. Virtualization can be applied to servers, desktops, applications, networks, and storage to improve utilization, security, and manageability.
Virtualization allows multiple virtual machines to run on a single physical machine. It started with mainframe virtualization in the 1960s and expanded to x86 servers with VMware in the late 1990s. Virtualization provides hardware isolation, compatibility, and independence. Virtual machines can be moved and managed as a flexible virtual infrastructure. Cloud computing takes this a step further by providing on-demand, self-service access to virtual resources over the internet.
This document provides an overview of virtual machines. It defines a virtual machine as a software implementation of a machine that executes programs like physical hardware. There are two main types: system virtual machines which provide a complete OS environment, and process virtual machines which provide a platform-independent programming environment. Popular virtual machine software discussed includes VMware Workstation, Xen, VirtualBox, and Citrix. VMware Workstation allows multiple operating systems to run simultaneously on a single PC without restarting. Xen is an open-source virtual machine monitor that allows multiple guest operating systems to run concurrently on the same hardware. It has a three-layer architecture consisting of a virtual machine layer, hypervisor layer, and hardware/physical layer.
This document discusses virtualization concepts in cloud computing. It begins by defining virtualization as the creation of virtual versions of hardware resources like servers, storage, and networks. Virtualization allows sharing of physical resources among multiple customers. The document then discusses hardware virtualization, where a virtual machine is created over existing hardware. It compares virtualization to multiprogramming. It also discusses types of virtualization like hardware, operating system, server, and storage virtualization. The document defines key virtualization components like hypervisors, virtual machines, and discusses benefits of virtualization like instant provisioning and load balancing.
Vitalization & HP TippingPoint
Virtual Firewall for Virtual machines, to validate the east west communications. As growth is tremendous in ES communication than legacy Datacenter architects more focus on North South traffic.
Virtualization, A Concept Implementation of CloudNishant Munjal
This presentation will guide through deploying virtualization in linux environment and get its access to another machine followed by virtualization concept.
This document discusses virtual machines and their implementation. It begins with an overview of virtual machines, including the key components of a host, virtual machine manager/hypervisor, and guest. It then covers different system models and types of virtual machine managers from hardware-based to software-based. The document discusses the history, benefits, and building blocks of virtual machines like trap-and-emulate and binary translation techniques. It also covers hardware assistance for virtualization and the lifecycle of virtual machines.
Virtualization is the ability to run virtual machines on top of a hypervisor.
Virtualization is an emerging IT paradigm that separates computing functions and technology implementations from physical hardware.
Cloud computing, for example, is the virtualization of computer programs through an internet connection rather than installing applications on every office computer.
Virtualization provides advantages like managed execution, isolation, resource partitioning and portability. However, it can also lead to performance degradation, inefficiency, and new security threats. Virtualization technologies like Xen, VMware and Hyper-V use approaches like paravirtualization and full virtualization to virtualize hardware and provide isolated execution environments while managing the tradeoffs between performance, functionality and security.
Virtualization software allows multiple operating systems to run on a single physical server. VMware is a leading provider of virtualization and cloud computing solutions. Their flagship product, VMware ESXi, is a hypervisor that hosts virtual machines, while vCenter Server centrally manages ESXi hosts and their resources. The latest versions of ESXi focus on improved security, scalability, and support for modern hardware.
Similar to Hypervisors and Virtualization - VMware, Hyper-V, XenServer, and KVM (20)
NBFC Software: Optimize Your Non-Banking Financial CompanyNBFC Softwares
NBFC Software: Optimize Your Non-Banking Financial Company
Enhance Your Financial Services with Comprehensive NBFC Software
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A Comparative Analysis of Functional and Non-Functional Testing.pdfkalichargn70th171
A robust software testing strategy encompassing functional and non-functional testing is fundamental for development teams. These twin pillars are essential for ensuring the success of your applications. But why are they so critical?
Functional testing rigorously examines the application's processes against predefined requirements, ensuring they align seamlessly. Conversely, non-functional testing evaluates performance and reliability under load, enhancing the end-user experience.
React Native vs Flutter - SSTech SystemSSTech System
Your project needs and long-term objectives will ultimately choose which of React Native and Flutter to use. For applications using JavaScript and current web technologies in particular, React Native is a mature and trustworthy choice. For projects that value performance and customizability across many platforms, Flutter, on the other hand, provides outstanding performance and a unified UI development experience.
Break data silos with real-time connectivity using Confluent Cloud Connectorsconfluent
Connectors integrate Apache Kafka® with external data systems, enabling you to move away from a brittle spaghetti architecture to one that is more streamlined, secure, and future-proof. However, if your team still spends multiple dev cycles building and managing connectors using just open source Kafka Connect, it’s time to consider a faster and cost-effective alternative.
In this talk, we will explore strategies to optimize the success rate of storing and retaining new information. We will discuss scientifically proven ideal learning intervals and content structures. Additionally, we will examine how to create an environment that improves our focus while you remain in the “flow”. Lastly we will also address the influence of AI on learning capabilities.
In the dynamic field of software development, this knowledge will empower you to accelerate your learning curve and support others in their learning journeys.
Responsibilities of Fleet Managers and How TrackoBit Can Assist.pdfTrackobit
What do fleet managers do? What are their duties, responsibilities, and challenges? And what makes a fleet manager effective and successful? This blog answers all these questions.
Sami provided a beginner-friendly introduction to Amazon Web Services (AWS), covering essential terms, products, and services for cloud deployment. Participants explored AWS' latest Gen AI offerings, making it accessible for those starting their cloud journey or integrating AI into coding practices.
CViewSurvey Digitech Pvt Ltd that works on a proven C.A.A.G. model.bhatinidhi2001
CViewSurvey is a SaaS-based Web & Mobile application that provides digital transformation to traditional paper surveys and feedback for customer & employee experience, field & market research that helps you evaluate your customer's as well as employee's loyalty.
With our unique C.A.A.G. Collect, Analysis, Act & Grow approach; business & industry’s can create customized surveys on web, publish on app to collect unlimited response & review AI backed real-time data analytics on mobile & tablets anytime, anywhere. Data collected when offline is securely stored in the device, which syncs to the cloud server when connected to any network.
Are you wondering how to migrate to the Cloud? At the ITB session, we addressed the challenge of managing multiple ColdFusion licenses and AWS EC2 instances. Discover how you can consolidate with just one EC2 instance capable of running over 50 apps using CommandBox ColdFusion. This solution supports both ColdFusion flavors and includes cb-websites, a GoLang binary for managing CommandBox websites.
Explore the rapid development journey of TryBoxLang, completed in just 48 hours. This session delves into the innovative process behind creating TryBoxLang, a platform designed to showcase the capabilities of BoxLang by Ortus Solutions. Discover the challenges, strategies, and outcomes of this accelerated development effort, highlighting how TryBoxLang provides a practical introduction to BoxLang's features and benefits.
2. Overview
• Introduction to Virtualization and Hypervisors
• Origins of Hypervisors
• Hypervisors and its Classification
• Existing Solutions/Products
• Advantages and Disadvantages
• State of the Art
• Future of Hypervisors and Virtualization
3. What is Virtualization?
• Broadly, the separation of a resource or request for a
service from the underlying physical delivery of that
service
• Concept in which access to a single underlying piece of
hardware is coordinated so that multiple guest operating
systems can share that single piece of hardware, with no
guest operating system being aware that it is actually
sharing anything at all
• Guest Operating System is the OS that is hosted by the
virtualization software on the Host Operating System
4. What is Virtualization?
• Before using Virtualization, we had:
• Single OS per machine
• Software and hardware tightly coupled
• Underutilized resources (idle time)
• Inflexibility
• Virtualization gives you:
• Hardware independence of operation system and applications
• Ability to encapsulate OS and applications in to virtual machines
• Ability to provision virtual machines to any system
6. How do we get Virtualization?
• Hypervisors: The approach to virtualization
• Hypervisor also known as the Virtual Machine Monitor
• Software that allows multiple operating systems to share
a single hardware host
• Emulates hardware resources to guest operating systems
• Each operating system appears to have host’s processor,
memory, and other resources all to itself
• In reality, hypervisor controls the resources and allocates
them as needed by each guest OS in a synchronized
manner
7. Overview
• Introduction to Virtualization and Hypervisors
• Origins of Hypervisors
• Hypervisors and its Classification
• Existing Solutions/Products
• Advantages and Disadvantages
• State of the Art
• Future of Hypervisors and Virtualization
8. Origins of Hypervisors
• IBM first developed CP/CMS operating system in 1967,
an attempt to build time-sharing systems for mainframe
systems
• In 1972, IBM’s zSeries line featured Virtualization
• Early acceptance and rapid development by developers
all over
• In 1985, IBM introduced the PR/SM hypervisor to manage
logical partitions
• Other companies, Sun Microsystems, HP, and SGI joined
the race and started selling virtualized software around
2000
9. Overview
• Introduction to Virtualization and Hypervisors
• Origins of Hypervisors
• Hypervisors and its Classification
• Existing Solutions/Products
• Advantages and Disadvantages
• State of the Art
• Future of Hypervisors and Virtualization
10. Classification of Hypervisors
There are two types of hypervisor based on architecture:
• Type 1 Hypervisor
• also known as native or bare metal hypervisor
• Type 2 Hypervisor
• also known as hosted hypervisor
11. Classification of Hypervisors
Type 1 Hypervisor
• Runs directly on the host’s
hardware to manage guest
operating systems
• Does not require any base
server operating system
• Direct access to hardware
resources
• Better performance,
scalability, and stability
• However, hardware
support is limited
12. Classification of Hypervisors
Type 2 Hypervisor
• Hosted on the main
operating system
• Basically a software
installed on an OS
• Hypervisor asks OS to
make hardware calls
• Better compatibility with
hardware
• Increased overhead
affects performance
13. Classification of Type 1 VMMs
Type 1 Hypervisors can be further classification into two
main ways to architect the hypervisor solutions:
• Monolithic
• Hosts the hypervisor/VMM in a single layer that also includes
most of the required components, such as the kernel, device
drivers, and the I/O stack
• Microkernelized
• Uses a very thin, specialized hypervisor that only performs the core
tasks of ensuring partition isolation and memory management. This
layer does not include the I/O stack or device drivers.
• Virtualization stack and hardware-specific device drivers are located in
a specialized partition called the parent partition.
14. Classification of Type 1 VMMs
Hardware
Hypervisor
VM 1
(Admin)
VM 2 VM 3
Drivers
Monolithic Hypervisor
Hardware
Hypervisor
VM 1
(“Parent”)
VM 2
(“Child”)
VM 3
(“Child”)
Drivers Drivers Drivers
Virtualization
Stack
Microkernelized Hypervisor
15. Virtualization Techniques
There are multiple approaches to running the guest
operating system. These include:
• Full Virtualization
• Paravirtualization
• Also known as OS assisted virtualization
• Hardware-assisted virtualization
• Also known as accelerated virtualization, hardware virtual machine
(HVM)
16. Virtualization Techniques
Full Virtualization
• Completely abstracted from the
underlying hardware by
virtualization layer
• Guest OS unaware that it is a
guest
• Hypervisor translates all OS calls
on-the-fly
• No hardware assistance or
modification; flexibility
17. Virtualization Techniques
Paravirtualization
• An efficient and lightweight
virtualization technique
• The hypervisor provides an API
and the Guest OS calls that API,
requiring OS modifications.
• Does not require virtualization
extensions from the host CPU
• Guests and control domains
require kernel support and drivers
• Enable near-native performance
• paravirt-ops code supported by
Linux kernel as of version 2.6.23
18. Virtualization Techniques
Hardware-assisted
virtualization
• Enables efficient full virtualization
using help from hardware
capabilities, primarily from the host
processors
• Unmodified guest OS; no API calls
made
• Hypervisor traps sensitive calls
• Added to x86 processors (Intel VT-x
or AMD-V) in 2006
19. Virtualization Techniques
FULL VIRTUALIZATION PARAVIRTUALIZATION HARDWARE ASSISTED
Technique Direct execution Hypercalls Exit to Root Mode on
privileged instructions
Guest OS
modification
Unmodified guest OS;
excellent compatibility
Guest OS codified to issue
hypercalls; poor compatibility
Unmodified guest OS;
excellent compatibility
Performance Good Better in certain cases Fair; certain lags in binary
translation but will improve
over time
Used By VMware, Microsoft, KVM VMware, Xen VMware, Xen, Microsoft,
Parallels
Guest OS
hypervisor
independent?
Yes XenLinux runs only on Xen
Hypervisor
Yes
20. Overview
• Introduction to Virtualization and Hypervisors
• Origins of Hypervisors
• Hypervisors and its Classification
• Existing Solutions/Products
• Advantages and Disadvantages
• State of the Art
• Future of Hypervisors and Virtualization
21. Leading Hypervisors
• Type 1
• VMware ESX and ESXi
• Microsoft Hyper-V
• Citrix Systems XenServer
• Type 2
• VMware Workstation
• Oracle VM VirtualBox
• Microsoft Virtual PC
• Parallels Desktop
22. VMware ESX and ESXi
• Enterprise virtualization platform offered by VMware
• ESX runs on bare metal, without an OS
• Monolithic architecture
• Includes own Linux kernel, which is started first and then
loads VMware’s vmkernel component
• ESXi, an upgrade from ESX, does not contain the Linux
kernel. Directly loads from vmkernel
• Vmkernel has three interfaces:
• Hardware
• Guest systems
• Service console (Linux based console operating system)
24. VMware ESXi
• ESXi is a smaller footprint version of ESX
• Does not include the ESX Service Console
• All VMware related agents and 3rd party agents run
directly on vmkernel
• Ultra-thin architecture, highly reliable, small code-base
• More secure as there is less patching
• Uses Direct Console User Interface (DCUI) for
management
26. ESX and ESXi comparison
CAPABILITY ESX ESXI
Service Console Present Removed
Troubleshooting performed via Service Console ESXi Shell
Secure Syslog Not Supported Supported
Management Network Service Console Interface VMKernel Interface
Hardware Monitoring
3 rd Party agents installed in Service
console
Via CIM Providers
Software patches and updates
Needed as similar to Linux operation
system
Few pacthes because of small
footprint and more secure
vSphere web Access Only experimental
Full managenet capability via
vSPhere web client
Locked Down Mode Not present
Present . Lockdown mode prevents
remote users to login to the host
Rapid deployment via Auto Deploy Not supported Supported
Custom Image creation Not supported Supported
VMkernel Network Used for
vMotion, Fault Tolarance, Stoarge
Connectivity
Management Network , vMotion,
Fault Tolerance, Storage Connectivity,
ISCSI port binding
27. Microsoft Hyper-V
• Introduced in 2008, it is Microsoft’s Type 1 Hypervisor for
x86-64 systems
• Has a microkernel design
• Hyper-V comes in two variants:
• Hyper-V Server: A stand-alone version
• Variant of core installation of Windows Server 2008
• Includes full Hyper-V functionality
• Mostly CLI for configuration but MMC can be installed for administration
• An installable role version for Windows Server
• Installed as a role on Windows Server 2008/2012
• Configuration and administration done by Remote Desktop or
management consoles for much easier graphical control
28. Microsoft Hyper-V Architecture
• Implements virtual machines in terms of partitions
• Partition is a logical unit of isolation in which an OS is running
• Virtualization layer runs in parent partition giving direct
access to hardware resources
• Parent partition creates child partitions for guest OSs
• Compared to VMware ESX/ESXi, all hardware calls go
through root or parent partition
• Access to hardware is controlled via root partition though
VMBus. This is indirect driver model. Paravirtualized.
• Hyper-V installs on hardware and places original OS in
the root partition
30. Citrix Systems XenServer
• An open-source Type-1 or bare-metal hypervisor
• Originated as a research project at the University of
Cambridge in 2003
• Commercialize by XenSource Inc.
• Developed and made available as open-source software under
GNU General Public Licence (GPL), version 2
• Acquired by Citrix in 2007
• Commercial versions: Citrix XenServer, Oracle VM
• Small footprint and interface; uses a microkernel design
• Supports Paravirtualization
• Supports IA-32, x86-64 and ARM instruction sets.
31. Citrix Systems XenServer Architecture
• Guest types: The hypervisor can run fully virtualized
guests, or paravirtualized guests.
• A running instance of a virtual machine is called a domain
or guest.
• Employs a special domain called domain 0 which
contains:
• Drivers for the hardware
• Toolstack to control VMs.
• A control stack to:
• manage virtual machine creation,
• destruction, and
• configuration.
33. Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM)
• Initially developed by Qumranet later acquired by Redhat
in 2008
• Full virtualized solution with a small code base for Linux
on x86 hardware with virtualization extensions (Intel VT or
AMD-V)
• Designed as small, light kernel module to leverage the
facilities provided by hardware support of virtualization
• Originally supported x86 processors but now has been
ported to IBM S/390, Intel IA-64
• Free, open source virtualization architecture. Kernel
component comes standard in vanilla Linux (2.6.20)
34. Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM)
• KVM hypervisor Type 1 or Type 2: Still up for discussion
• Implemented as a kernel module, allowing Linux to
become a hypervisor simply by loading it
• Device appears in /dev/kvm. Allows control by ioctl()
system calls to create new VMs, assign memory, etc
• Hardware emulation or platform virtualization controlled
by QEMU-kvm
35. Overview
• Introduction to Virtualization and Hypervisors
• Origins of Hypervisors
• Hypervisors and its Classification
• Existing Solutions/Products
• Advantages and Disadvantages
• State of the Art
• Future of Hypervisors and Virtualization
36. Advantages
• Consolidation of hardware resources
• Ease of administration
• Centralization of resources
• Significant cost savings
• Less hardware
• Energy and power savings
• Fault tolerance through clustering
• Ease of deployment and management
• Better use from hardware
• Virtualization enables higher utilization rates of hardware because
each server supports enough virtual machines to increase its
utilization from the typical 15% to as much as 80%.
37. Advantages (continued)
• Scalability
• Additional processing power, network bandwidth, and storage
capacity can be accomplished quickly and easily by apportioning
additional available resources from the host to the guest VM.
• High availability
• Mitigating downtime of VMs by dynamically allocating more
resources to a guest as needed, migrating VMs between different
hosts with zero downtime, fault tolerance, and backing up
snapshots of the running systems state.
• Software installation made easy
• Software vendors can deliver their products preinstalled in VMs
(also known as virtual appliances), much of the traditional
installation and configuration work associated with software will
disappear.
38. Disadvantages
• Due to the demands of server consolidation, VMs tend to
consume more CPU and memory, and require greater
disk I/O bandwidth than physical servers with comparable
computing loads.
39. Overview
• Introduction to Virtualization and Hypervisors
• Origins of Hypervisors
• Hypervisors and its Classification
• Existing Solutions/Products
• Advantages and Disadvantages
• State of the Art
• Future of Hypervisors and Virtualization
40. State of the Art
• Virtual Private Server (VPS):
• A virtual machine sold as a service by an Internet hosting service.
• Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2)
• Amazon.com’s cloud computing platform, Amazon Web Services (AWS)
• Uses Xen as its hypervisor
• Microsoft Azure
• Microsoft's cloud application platform.
• Powered by Microsoft Hyper-V
• Google Compute Engine (GCE)
• Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) component of Google Cloud Platform
• Uses KVM as the hypervisor
• Rackspace Cloud uses VMware
• Used in enterprise IT
41. Overview
• Introduction to Virtualization and Hypervisors
• Origins of Hypervisors
• Hypervisors and its Classification
• Existing Solutions/Products
• Advantages and Disadvantages
• State of the Art
• Future of Hypervisors and Virtualization
42. The Future
• Single-purpose Appliances
• Trending towards each VM running and being specialized for a
single application, instead of a full operating system.
• Each instance of each application runs in an isolated VM as though
it has the entire machine to itself
• Unikernel or exokernel, virtual library operating systems, are
hypervisor-operating system hybrids that are currently being
developed that make it possible to perform as much compile-time
work as possible to eliminate unnecessary features from the final
VM.
• Thus, creating a specialize VM for a specific application
• Reducing the amount of active code running in the VM, and
• Reducing the attack surface for remote code execution exploits and
serious data leaks; better security.