This document summarizes a research paper that proposes methods for detecting message modification and replay attacks in ad-hoc wireless networks. It begins with background on security issues in wireless networks and types of attacks. It then reviews existing intrusion detection systems and security techniques. Related work that detects attacks using features from the media access control layer or radio frequency fingerprinting is also discussed. The paper aims to present a simple, economical, and platform-independent system for detecting message modification, replay attacks, and unauthorized users in ad-hoc networks.
A Brief Review on: Evolution of Communication Technologies Radha Mahalle
The document summarizes the evolution of communication technologies from wired to wireless and the development of machine-to-machine (M2M) communication and the Internet of Things (IoT). It discusses wired and wireless communication technologies and compares their characteristics. It then explains M2M technology and how it enables direct device connections. Next, it describes how IoT expanded upon M2M by connecting physical devices and sensors over the internet. It provides an overview of IoT architecture, protocols, applications and algorithms. Finally, it discusses future trends in IoT including low power sensing, efficient connectivity and reliable communication.
This paper proposes improvements to the Chord peer-to-peer network protocol to increase reliability of data transfer. The Chord protocol uses a ring topology to organize nodes and determine routing, but direct routes sometimes fail. The paper suggests having nodes store failed packets locally and route them through multiple neighboring nodes to reach the destination. It also considers available bandwidth when selecting next-hop nodes. Simulations show the proposed methods increase packet delivery ratio compared to the base Chord protocol, especially as node movement increases, improving the reliability of data transfer in the peer-to-peer network.
Wired and Wireless Computer Network Performance Evaluation Using OMNeT++ Simu...Jaipal Dhobale
This document summarizes the performance evaluation of wired and wireless computer networks using the OMNeT++ simulation environment. The performance is evaluated based on throughput. For the wired network simulation, the Nclients application from INET is used, while the Wireless Host to Host application is used for the wireless network simulation. Throughput is measured for both networks by varying the data rate and number of clients. The results show that throughput from the wired server generally increases with more clients, while throughput from the wireless server is highest with a lower number of clients. Throughput to the server is observed to increase with data rate for both networks.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
SR-Code: Smart Relay Network Coding for Data Collection for Wireless Sensor N...IJERA Editor
Reliability in data collection for wireless sensor networks is one of the major problems in IoT applications. Sensor nodes are usually placed in harsh conditions where data communication is at risk of losing packets. Retransmissions are considered costly in terms of delay and power consumptions, especially that wireless sensor nodes are battery operated. In this context we introduce SR-Code, a novel network coding algorithm that achieves reliability in harsh conditions. SR-Code utilizes the XOR operator to code overheard packets. The targeted network topology is a 2-tier network where data loss can occur in all tiers. SR-Code utilizes bit addresses where each node is identified by a single bit in an address bit vector. Identifying packets and computing the cardinality of coded messages can be easily done using address bit vectors. SR-Code realizes redundancy as a function of overheard packet. SR-Code achieved a reliability factor of 75% when the number of packets lost was 100% of the original (un-coded) packet sent.
This document discusses mapping networks onto a hybrid Network-on-Chip (NoC) architecture that integrates packet switching, circuit switching, and virtual circuit switching. It reviews prior work on mapping applications onto NoC architectures to optimize performance, energy consumption, and latency. The paper proposes a hybrid scheme to map cores and communications onto different switching mechanisms in the NoC to balance latency, flexibility, and efficiency.
IRJET- Vanet Connection Performance Analysis using GPSR ProtocolIRJET Journal
The document discusses performance analysis of VANET (vehicular ad hoc network) connections using the GPSR (Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing) protocol. It proposes an energy-aware version of GPSR that optimizes greedy forwarding by selecting neighbor nodes to forward packets to based on both distance to the destination and remaining energy. The methodology section describes simulating the VANET network, implementing traffic monitoring using probe messages, predicting link lifetimes, using Bloom filters for 2-hop neighbor management, and evaluating performance based on data throughput and transmission time. The conclusion states that incorporating link lifetime prediction into an existing reliable routing protocol like RIVER can improve reliability in VANETs.
Cryptography System for Online Communication Using Polyalphabetic Substitutio...Eswar Publications
Online communication is one of the common means of communication in this era of globe village. As the number of people being connected to online communication system through their mobile phone, computer or any other e-communication tools increases, there is need to secure the communication networks from adversaries (third parties) between the sender and receivers. There are many aspects to security approach in online communication environment. One essential aspect for secure communications is that of cryptography, which is the focus of this research. This research work aims at designing and implementing cryptosystem using a simple polyalphabetic cipher algorithm. The algorithm was coded with Java programming language. It was discovered that cryptography system with polyalphabetic cipher algorithm is better compared to Atbash cipher, Scytale cipher, Ceasar cipher etc, because it is very difficult for adversaries to decrypt an encrypted data without the key.
Performance analysis of massive multiple input multiple output for high speed...IJECEIAES
This paper analytically reviews the performance of massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system for communication in highly mobility scenarios like high speed Railways. As popularity of high speed train increasing day by day, high data rate wireless communication system for high speed train is extremely required. 5G wireless communication systems must be designed to meet the requirement of high speed broadband services at speed of around 500 km/h, which is the expected speed achievable by HSR systems, at a data rate of 180 Mbps or higher. Significant challenges of high mobility communications are fast time-varying fading, channel estimation errors, doppler diversity, carrier frequency offset, inter carrier interference, high penetration loss and fast and frequent handovers. Therefore, crucial requirement to design high mobility communication channel models or systems prevails. Recently, massive MIMO techniques have been proposed to significantly improve the performance of wireless networks for upcoming 5G technology. Massive MIMO provide high throughput and high energy efficiency in wireless communication channel. In this paper, key findings, challenges and requirements to provide high speed wireless communication onboard the high speed train is pointed out after thorough literature review. In last, future research scope to bridge the research gap by designing efficient channel model by using massive MIMO and other optimization method is mentioned.
Selfish Node Isolation & Incentivation using Progressive ThresholdsIDES Editor
The problems associated with selfish nodes in
MANET are addressed by a collaborative watchdog approach
which reduces the detection time for selfish nodes thereby
improves the performance and accuracy of watchdogs[1]. In
the related works they make use of credit based systems, reputation
based mechanisms, pathrater and watchdog mechanism
to detect such selfish nodes. In this paper we follow an approach
of collaborative watchdog which reduces the detection
time for selfish nodes and also involves the removal of such
selfish nodes based on some progressively assessed thresholds.
The threshold gives the nodes a chance to stop misbehaving
before it is permanently deleted from the network.
The node passes through several isolation processes before it
is permanently removed. Another version of AODV protocol
is used here which allows the simulation of selfish nodes in
NS2 by adding or modifying log files in the protocol.
Compatibility between the new and the current ipv6 packet headersIAEME Publication
This document discusses compatibility between a new proposed IPv6 packet header approach and the existing IPv6 packet scheme. The new approach, previously proposed by the authors, reduces packet headers and header processing time. However, implementing the new approach is not practical given that billions of existing devices use the current IPv6 standard. Therefore, the objective of the paper is to develop compatibility between the new and existing approaches. This would allow for a gradual migration from the existing to the new approach without needing to replace all existing devices immediately. It first reviews the existing IPv6 packet construction method based on the OSI model layers. It then describes the new approach, which divides packets into master and slave packets to optimize TCP/UDP headers. Developing compatibility between the
VIRTUAL ARCHITECTURE AND ENERGYEFFICIENT ROUTING PROTOCOLS FOR 3D WIRELESS SE...ijwmn
This paper proposes a virtual architecture for three-dimensional (3D) wireless sensor networks (WSNs), a dynamic coordinate system, and a scalable energy-efficient training protocol for collections of nodes deployed in the space that are initially anonymous, asynchronous, and unaware of their initial location. The 3D WSNs considered comprise massively deployed tiny energy-constrained commodity sensors and one or more sink nodes that provide an interface to the outside world. The proposed architecture is a generalization of a two-dimensional virtual architecture previously proposed in the literature, in which a flexible and intuitive coordinate system is imposed onto the deployment area and the anonymous nodes are partitioned into clusters where data can be gathered from the environment and synthesized under local control. The architecture solves the hidden sensors problem that occurs because of irregularities in rugged deployment areas or environments containing buildings by training the network of nodes arbitrarily dispersed in the 3D space. In addition, we derive two simple and energy-efficient routing protocols, respectively for dense and sparse networks, based on the proposed dynamic coordinate system. They are used to minimize the power expended in collecting and routing data to the sink node, thus increasing the lifetime of the network.
Permutation of Pixels within the Shares of Visual Cryptography using KBRP for...IDES Editor
The security of authentication of internet based
co-banking services should not be susceptible to high risks.
The passwords are highly vulnerable to virus attacks due to
the lack of high end embedding of security methods. In order
for the passwords to be more secure, people are generally
compelled to select jumbled up character based passwords
which are not only less memorable but are also equally prone
to insecurity. Multiple use of distributed shares has been
studied to solve the problem of authentication by algorithms
based on thresholding of pixels in image processing and visual
cryptography concepts where the subset of shares is considered
for the recovery of the original image for authentication using
correlation function[1][2].The main disadvantage in the above
study is the plain storage of shares and also one of the shares
is being supplied to the customer, which will lead to the
possibility of misuse by a third party. This paper proposes a
technique for scrambling of pixels by key based random
permutation (KBRP) within the shares before the
authentication has been attempted. Total number of shares to
be created is dependent on the multiplicity of ownership of
the account. By this method the problem of uncertainty among
the customers with regard to security, storage, retrieval of
holding of half of the shares is minimized.
Compatibility between the new and the current ipv4 packet headers 2IAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study on creating compatibility between a new proposed IPv4 packet header approach and the existing IPv4 packet header approach used in current networks. The objective is to allow a gradual migration from the existing approach to the new approach without needing to replace all existing network devices immediately. It first reviews the existing IPv4 packet construction method using the OSI model layers. It then describes the proposed new approach which optimizes TCP/UDP headers by dividing packets into master and slave packets. The goal of the compatibility is to combine both approaches in one network to facilitate a flexible transition without affecting the current environment.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Abstract Now a day’s wireless sensor network has become an interesting research field. Network life time and energy efficiency are one of the main concerns for wireless sensor networks. Sensors are constrained in terms of battery power, storage, limited processing capacity etc. Because of these reasons new protocols are proposed for wireless sensor network. This paper only deals with cluster based hierarchical protocol TEEN (Threshold Sensitive Energy Efficient Sensor Network Protocol). The sensor network architecture in TEEN is based on a hierarchical clustering. TEEN is data-centric, reactive, event-driven protocol which is best suited for time critical application. It transmits data based on hard threshold and soft threshold values. If the thresholds are not reached, then nodes will never communicate. The user will not get any data from network and will not come to know if all the nodes die. So, user will not be able to distinguish between how many nodes are alive or dead in network and will not be able to know about network lifetime. This paper deals with that node will be able to tell base station or sink before leaving network and base station will be aware of alive and dead nodes in the network. Keywords: WSN; TEEN (Threshold Sensitive Energy Efficient Clustering); Hard Threshold; Soft Threshold;
Responsive Parameter based an AntiWorm Approach to Prevent Wormhole Attack in...IDES Editor
The recent advancements in the wireless technology
and their wide-spread deployment have made remarkable
enhancements in efficiency in the corporate and industrial
and Military sectors The increasing popularity and usage of
wireless technology is creating a need for more secure wireless
Ad hoc networks. This paper aims researched and developed
a new protocol that prevents wormhole attacks on a ad hoc
network. A few existing protocols detect wormhole attacks but
they require highly specialized equipment not found on most
wireless devices. This paper aims to develop a defense against
wormhole attacks as an Anti-worm protocol which is based on
responsive parameters, that does not require as a significant
amount of specialized equipment, trick clock synchronization,
no GPS dependencies.
A COMBINATION OF THE INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEM AND THE OPEN-SOURCE FIREWALL ...IJCNCJournal
There are many security models for computer networks using a combination of Intrusion Detection System and Firewall proposed and deployed in practice. In this paper, we propose and implement a new model of the association between Intrusion Detection System and Firewall operations, which allows Intrusion Detection System to automatically update the firewall filtering rule table whenever it detects a weirdo intrusion. This helps protect the network from attacks from the Internet.
Energy Efficinet Intrusion Detection System in mobile ad-hoc networksIJARIIE JOURNAL
This document summarizes a proposed energy efficient intrusion detection system for mobile ad-hoc networks. It begins with an introduction to intrusion detection systems and mobile ad-hoc networks. It then discusses related work on intrusion detection in mobile ad-hoc networks. The proposed system uses an "impact factor" calculation to select cluster heads in an energy-efficient manner while preventing selfish behavior. Cluster heads run the intrusion detection system using a watchdog method to detect misbehaving nodes. Simulation results show that forming clusters reduces energy consumption compared to all nodes running intrusion detection independently.
802.11 Wireless LAN Vulnerability Assessment (ITSPSR-21A)Sunghun Kim
This document provides an overview and assessment of vulnerabilities in 802.11 wireless LAN (WLAN) technology. It describes the WLAN standards and security mechanisms such as Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) and Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA/WPA2). While WPA2 provides strong security, vulnerabilities still exist if security features are not properly enabled. The document recommends mandatory use of WPA2 with 802.1X authentication for all government WLANs and additional security measures like encryption for especially sensitive networks.
This document contains the answers to the CCNA 3 Chapter 7 exam. It lists 21 multiple choice questions about wireless networking concepts like wireless security, authentication methods, and common wireless standards. The answers provided are intended to help students studying for the CCNA 3 certification exam.
The document provides instructions for using the Intel PRO/Wireless 3945ABG Network Connection adapter and Intel PROSet/Wireless software. It describes how to connect to wireless networks, view available networks and their properties, manage connection profiles, and configure adapter settings using the software. Intel PROSet/Wireless allows managing wireless connections, security settings, and troubleshooting connection issues.
An open, unencrypted wireless network can 'sniff' or capture and record the traffic, gain unauthorized access to internal network resources as well as to the internet, and then use the information and resources to perform disruptive or illegal acts.Many laptop computers have wireless cards pre-installed. The ability to enter a network while mobile has great benefits. However, wireless networking is prone to some security. Wireless networks relatively easy to break into, and even use wireless technology to hack into wired networks.The risks to users of wireless technology have increased as the service has become more popular.As a result, it is very important that enterprises define effective wireless security policies that guard against unauthorized access to important resources.
This document discusses security issues with wireless networks and protocols. It describes common wireless standards like 802.11b, g, and a. It then covers security protocols that aimed to improve on WEP like WPA and WPA2, discussing their encryption methods. The document also outlines various threats to wireless security like eavesdropping, unauthorized access, and denial of service attacks. It concludes by listing some common wireless hacking tools.
Skinput is a technology developed by Microsoft Research that allows a user's skin to act as an input surface. It uses arrays of highly tuned vibration sensors incorporated into an armband to detect acoustic waves generated by taps on the skin. The sensors are able to classify different inputs and locations of taps on the arm. While the prototype demonstrates the potential of the technology, its commercial viability will depend on Microsoft's commitment to further developing it.
Wireless networks allow devices to connect to a wired network without cables. An access point connected to the wired network allows devices like computers and phones to connect wirelessly at broadband speeds. However, wireless networks pose security risks if not configured properly, as unencrypted wireless traffic can be intercepted and users can gain unauthorized access. It is important to set up security measures like access restrictions, encryption, and isolating wireless networks when deploying wireless networks.
The document discusses wireless network security and methods to prevent unauthorized access. It describes common types of wireless encryption like WEP and WPA and risks from rogue access points. Effective wireless security policies and systems like WIPS are important to enforce policies and prevent intrusion. Potential modes of unauthorized network access are also outlined, as well as security measures, mobile device security categories, and methods for implementing network encryption using authentication servers and client software. Open access points are also discussed, with arguments for and against allowing public access to wireless networks.
The document provides an overview of IEEE 802.11 standards for wireless local area networks. It discusses the creation of 802.11 by IEEE, the physical layer, frame formats, and various 802.11 protocols including 802.11b, 802.11a, 802.11g, 802.11n, and 802.11ac. It also describes the media access control including CSMA/CA and security features like authentication and WEP encryption.
This document summarizes an article from the International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology about enhancing power-aware hybrid intrusion detection architecture in an ad-hoc network using mobile agents. It discusses designing and implementing an energy-efficient anomaly-based cooperative intrusion detection system that applies mobile agent technology to minimize network load, conserve bandwidth, and improve reactivity. It also aims to minimize energy consumption of monitoring nodes using the Back-Propagation algorithm. The paper then presents a new approach to intrusion detection system architecture in ad-hoc networks using mobile agents to determine which network events need monitoring and where.
Wireless ad hoc networks are autonomous nodes that communicate with each other in a
decentralized manner through multi hop radio network. Wireless nodes form a dynamic network
topology and communicate with each other directly without wireless access point. Wireless networks
are particularly vulnerable to intrusions, as they operate in open medium, and use cooperative
strategies for network communication.
Wireless Sensor Network: Internet Model Layer Based Security Attacks and thei...IRJET Journal
The document discusses security attacks on wireless sensor networks, describing various types of attacks like jamming, impersonation, replay attacks, and denial of service attacks that can occur at different layers of the network. It analyzes key security objectives for wireless sensor networks like availability, authentication, integrity, and confidentiality. The document also outlines the architecture of wireless sensor networks, including the five layers of the OSI model and three cross-layer planes, and components of sensor nodes.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) is a leading international journal for publication of new ideas, the state of the art research results and fundamental advances in all aspects of Engineering and Science. IRJES is a open access, peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to provide the academic community and industry for the submission of half of original research and applications
In our research work we are improving the performance of mobile ad hoc networks under jamming attack by using an integrated approach. The proposed work includes a network with high mobility, using IEEE Along g standard jamming attacks and countermeasures in wireless sensor networks
This document summarizes and evaluates techniques for identifying adversary attacks in wireless sensor networks. It begins by describing common types of attacks and issues with cryptographic identification methods. It then evaluates existing localization techniques like Received Signal Strength (RSS) and spatial correlation analysis. Specifically, it proposes the Generalized Model for Attack Detection (GMFAD) which uses Partitioning Around Medoids (PaM) clustering on RSS readings to detect multiple attackers. It also presents the Coherent Detection and Localization Model (CDAL-M) which integrates PaM with localization algorithms like RADAR and Bayesian networks to determine attacker locations. The document analyzes these techniques' effectiveness at detecting and localizing multiple adversary attackers in wireless sensor networks.
This document summarizes security attacks on routing protocols in mobile ad hoc wireless networks. It discusses characteristics of ad hoc networks, including dynamic network topology and fluctuating link capacity. It describes problems with routing protocols, such as energy consumption and rapid node movement. It also outlines various security attacks like passive eavesdropping and active attacks that modify or inject false packets. Finally, it examines security solutions for ad hoc networks, including the Security Aware Ad Hoc Routing protocol, Authenticated Routing for Ad Hoc Networks protocol, and Cooperation of Nodes Fairness in Dynamic Ad-hoc NeTworks protocol.
Security Issues & Challenging Attributes in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANET)IRJET Journal
This document discusses security issues and challenges in mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs). It begins with an introduction to MANETs and their key features. It then discusses different types of security attacks on MANETs, including active attacks like black hole attacks, wormhole attacks, and flooding attacks. It also covers passive attacks like eavesdropping. It analyzes security threats at different layers of the OSI model. Some of the major security challenges in MANETs are the lack of centralized monitoring, dynamic network topology, and limited resources. The document concludes that security is a major concern for applications using MANETs and more work is needed to develop efficient security algorithms for these networks.
A Protocol/Scheme to mitigate DDos attacks using AODV Protocolijsrd.com
MANET(Mobile Adhoc Network) is an emerging technology and have great strength to be applied in battlefields and commercial applications such as traffic surveillance, MANET is infrastructure less without any centralized controller. Each node contains routing capability. Each device in a MANET is independent and can move in any direction. One of the major challenges wireless mobile ad-hoc networks face today is security, because no central controller exists. MANETs are a kind of wireless ad hoc networks that usually has a routable networking environment on top of a link layer ad hoc network. There are many security attacks in MANET and DDoS (Distributed denial of service) is one of them. Our main objective is seeing the effect of DDoS in routing, Packet Drop Rate, End to End Delay, no. of Collisions due to attack on network. And with these parameters and many more also we build secure IDS to detect this kind of attack and block it. In this thesis main objective is to study and implement the security against the DDOS attack. DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) attacks in the networks are required to be prevented, as early as possible before reaching the victim node. DDos attack causes depletion of the network resources such as network bandwidth, disk space, CPU time, data structures, and network connections. Dealing with DDoS attacks is difficult due to their properties such as dynamic attack rates, big scale of botnets. DDos attack become more difficult to handle if it occurs in wireless network because of the properties of ad hoc network such as dynamic topologies, low battery life, Unicast routing Multicast routing , Frequency of updates or network overhead , scalability , mobile agent based routing ,power aware routing etc. Thus it is better to prevent the distributed denial of service attack rather than allowing it to occur and then taking the necessary steps to handle it. The following quantitative metrics Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), Number of Collisions are to be used to evaluate the performance of DDoS attacks and their prevention techniques under different combinations in the fixed mobile ad hoc network. In our simulation, the effect of DDoS attacks under different number of attackers is studied.
IRJET- Detection and Localization of IDS Spoofing Attack in Wireless Sensor N...IRJET Journal
This document proposes using intrusion detection systems and k-means clustering to detect and localize spoofing attacks in wireless sensor networks used in vehicular networks (VANETs). VANETs have characteristics like highly dynamic topology and frequent link changes that make performance monitoring difficult. The proposed approach uses cluster heads acting as IDS to monitor packet transmissions within clusters and detect misbehaving nodes. When an attacker is detected, an alarm is passed to the source node to eliminate the attacker. Simulation results show the method can efficiently and robustly detect and locate spoofing attackers in VANET wireless sensor networks.
An overview of contemporary security problems in wireless mesh networksiosrjce
Wireless mesh network (WMN) is a new wireless networking concept. Unlike traditional
wireless networks, Wireless Mesh Networks do not rely on any fixed communications. As an
alternative, hosts rely on each other to keep the network connected. Wireless Internet service
providers are choosing WMNs to offer Internet connectivity, as it allows a fast, simple and
inexpensive network use. One major challenge in design of these networks is their vulnerability to
security attacks. In this paper, principal contemporary security issues for wireless mesh networks
have been investigated. Identification of the threats a Wireless mesh network faces and the security
goals to be realized are described. The new challenges and opportunities posed by this new
networking environment are dealt with and explored approaches to secure its communication.
This document provides an overview of contemporary security problems in wireless mesh networks. It discusses security vulnerabilities at different layers of the communication protocol stack for wireless mesh networks, including the physical, link, and network layers. At the physical layer, jamming attacks are a risk. The link layer is vulnerable to passive eavesdropping, spoofing, congestion attacks, and replay attacks. The network layer faces risks from routing attacks like black hole and gray hole attacks, as well as Sybil attacks. Overall, the document analyzes different types of attacks that threaten the security of wireless mesh networks.
This document summarizes security issues and attacks in wireless sensor networks. It discusses various security requirements like confidentiality, integrity, authentication, availability, and freshness. It describes different types of attacks like jamming, tampering, exhaustion, collision, routing attacks, selective forwarding, sinkhole attacks, Sybil attack, wormhole attack, hello flood attack, flooding, black hole attack, and denial of service attack. It also discusses countermeasures like modifications to the link layer, cluster-based techniques, detecting mobile malicious nodes in static networks, dual-weighted trust evaluation, and using LEACH protocol.
This document summarizes security issues and attacks in wireless sensor networks. It discusses various security requirements like confidentiality, integrity, authentication, availability, and freshness. It describes different types of attacks like jamming, tampering, exhaustion, collision, routing attacks, selective forwarding, sinkhole attacks, Sybil attack, wormhole attack, hello flood attack, flooding, black hole attack, and denial of service attack. It also discusses countermeasures like modifications to the link layer, cluster-based techniques, detecting mobile malicious nodes in static networks, dual-weighted trust evaluation, and using threshold-based detection and LEACH protocol.
Even in difficult places to reach, the new networking technique allows the easy deployment of sensor networks although these wireless sensor networks confront a lot of constraints. The major constraint is related to the quality of information sent by the network. The wireless sensor networks use different methods to achieve data to the base station. Data aggregation is an important one, used by these wireless sensor networks. But this aggregated data can be subject to several types of attacks and provides security is necessary to resist against malicious attacks, secure communication between severely resource constrained sensor nodes while maintaining the flexibility of the topology changes. Recently, several secure data aggregation schemes have been proposed for wireless sensor networks, it provides better security compared with traditional aggregation. In this paper, we try to focus on giving a brief statement of the various approaches used for the purpose of secure data aggregation in wireless sensor networks.
This document presents a novel intrusion detection system called BAACK that is designed specifically for MANETs. BAACK aims to improve security in MANETs by addressing weaknesses in existing IDS approaches. It consists of three parts - ACK, S-ACK and MRA - to detect misbehaving nodes in the presence of receiver collisions, limited transmission power, and false misbehavior reports. All packets are digitally signed for authentication using algorithms like DSA or RSA. The study suggests DSA provides better performance than RSA for MANETs due to its smaller signature size and lower computational requirements.
https://www.ijmst.com/
IJMST Volume 1 Issue 1, Manuscript 4
As the popularity of mobile devices and wireless networks significantly increased over the
past years. The wireless adhoc network has now become one of the most vibrant and active
fields of communication and networking research. These networks are a new generation of
networks offering unrestricted mobility without any underlying infrastructure. As their
principle application is in disastrous environments, security is critical. Various challenges are
faced in the adhoc environment, mostly due to the resource poorness of these networks. One
man confront in the design of these networks is their vulnerability to security attacks. The
solutions for conventional networks are usually not sufficient to provide efficient adhoc
operations. Just because of its wireless nature of communication and lack of any security
infrastructure raise several security problems and threats.
In this paper, we briefly review the threats an adhoc network faces and the security goals to
be achieved. Moreover, it also presents existing security schemes used in wireless adhoc
networks in order to handle security threats.
Mobile Ad hoc Network is basically a crew of mobile traffic nodes, which figure an effectual dynamic topology and built a resource mannered network. Mobile Ad hoc Networks are exceptional cases of ad hoc networks that, but it is lacking infrastructure, communicating entities pass with various accelerations. For that reason, this impedes or delay lays the foundation of well built end-to-end communication paths. So Mobile Ad-hoc Network having efficient data transfer. In this manner, MANETs have out of the common network concerns and security challenges to get the advanced connectivity, immune communications, and reputation executives systems which have an impact on the trust in cooperation and settlement between mobile networking units. In this survey paper we confer about the security attributes, attacks, and challenges of MANETs.So, it is important to have a better and good formation algorithm to connect all the nodes to each other. There must be less time, low delay time, more battery life, more speeds of packets.
MANETs have unique characteristics like dynamic topology, wireless radio medium, limited resources and lack of centralized administration; as a result, they are vulnerable to different types of attacks in different layers of protocol stack. wormhole attack detection in wireless sensor networks
Different Prediction Methods For Route Recovery In MANETJasmine Culbreth
This document discusses different prediction methods for route recovery in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It begins with an abstract discussing multiple path routing infrastructures in various networks. The document then provides background on ad hoc networks and discusses features of MANETs such as dynamic topologies and variable capacity links. It also introduces the Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol and discusses topics like route discovery, link availability, and distributed hash tables in MANETs.
Similar to Revisiting the experiment on detecting of replay and message modification (20)
Tech transfer making it as a risk free approach in pharmaceutical and biotech iniaemedu
Tech transfer is a common methodology for transferring new products or an existing
commercial product to R&D or to another manufacturing site. Transferring product knowledge to the
manufacturing floor is crucial and it is an ongoing approach in the pharmaceutical and biotech
industry. Without adopting this process, no company can manufacture its niche products, let alone
market them. Technology transfer is a complicated, process because it is highly cross functional. Due
to its cross functional dependence, these projects face numerous risks and failure. If anidea cannot be
successfully brought out in the form of a product, there is no customer benefit, or satisfaction.
Moreover, high emphasis is in sustaining manufacturing with highest quality each and every time. It
is vital that tech transfer projects need to be executed flawlessly. To accomplish this goal, risk
management is crucial and project team needs to use the risk management approach seamlessly.
Integration of feature sets with machine learning techniquesiaemedu
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a novel approach for spam filtering using selective feature sets combined with machine learning techniques. The paper presents an algorithm and system architecture that extracts feature sets from emails and uses machine learning to classify emails and generate rules to identify spam. Several metrics are identified to evaluate the efficiency of the feature sets, including false positive rate. An experiment is described that uses keyword lists as feature sets to train filters and compares the proposed approach to other spam filtering methods.
Adaptive job scheduling with load balancing for workflow applicationiaemedu
This document discusses adaptive job scheduling with load balancing for workflow applications in a grid platform. It begins with an abstract that describes grid computing and how scheduling plays a key role in performance for grid workflow applications. Both static and dynamic scheduling strategies are discussed, but they require high scheduling costs and may not produce good schedules. The paper then proposes a novel semi-dynamic algorithm that allows the schedule to adapt to changes in the dynamic grid environment through both static and dynamic scheduling. Load balancing is incorporated to handle situations where jobs are delayed due to resource fluctuations or overloading of processors. The rest of the paper outlines the related works, proposed scheduling algorithm, system model, and evaluation of the approach.
This document summarizes research on transaction reordering techniques. It discusses transaction reordering approaches based on reducing resource conflicts and increasing resource sharing. Specifically, it covers:
1) A "steal-on-abort" technique that reorders an aborted transaction behind the transaction that caused the abort to avoid repeated conflicts.
2) A replication protocol that attempts to reorder transactions during certification to avoid aborts rather than restarting immediately.
3) Transaction reordering and grouping during continuous data loading to prevent deadlocks when loading data for materialized join views.
Website based patent information searching mechanismiaemedu
This document summarizes a research paper on developing a website-based patent information searching mechanism. It discusses how patent information can be used for technology development, rights acquisition and utilization, and management information. It describes different types of patent searches including novelty, validity, infringement, and state-of-the-art searches. It also evaluates and compares two major patent websites, Delphion and USPTO, in terms of their search capabilities and features.
1) The document discusses the Cyclic Model Analysis (CMA) technique for sequential pattern mining which aims to predict customer purchasing behavior.
2) CMA calculates the Trend Distribution Function from sequential patterns to model purchasing trends over time. It then uses Generalized Periodicity Detection and Trend Modeling to identify periodic patterns and construct an approximating model.
3) The Cyclic Model Analysis algorithm is applied to further analyze the patterns, dividing the domain into segments where the distribution function is increasing or decreasing and applying the other techniques recursively to fully model the cyclic behavior.
Performance analysis of manet routing protocol in presenceiaemedu
This document analyzes the performance of different routing protocols in a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) under hybrid traffic conditions. It simulates a MANET with 50 nodes moving at speeds up to 20 m/s using the AODV, DSDV, and DSR routing protocols. Traffic included both constant bit rate and variable bit rate sources. Results found that AODV had lower average end-to-end delay and higher packet delivery ratios than DSDV and DSR as the percentage of variable bit rate traffic increased. AODV also performed comparably under both low and high node mobility scenarios with hybrid traffic.
Performance measurement of different requirements engineeringiaemedu
This document summarizes a research paper that compares the performance of different requirements engineering (RE) process models. It describes three RE process models - two existing linear models and the authors' iterative model. It also reviews literature on common RE activities and issues with descriptive models not reflecting real-world practices. The authors conducted interviews at two Indian companies to model their RE processes and compare them to the three models. They found the existing linear models did not fully capture the iterative nature of observed RE processes.
This document proposes a mobile safety system for automobiles that uses Android operating system. The system has two main components: a safety device and an automobile base unit. The safety device allows users to monitor the vehicle's location on a map, check its status, and control functions remotely. It communicates with the base unit in the vehicle using GPRS. The base unit collects data from sensors, determines the vehicle's GPS location, and can execute control commands like activating the brakes or switching off the engine. The document provides details on the design and algorithms of both components and includes examples of Java code implementation. The goal is to create an intelligent, secure and easy-to-use mobile safety system for vehicles using embedded systems and Android
Efficient text compression using special character replacementiaemedu
The document describes a proposed algorithm for efficient text compression using special character replacement and space removal. The algorithm replaces words with non-printable ASCII characters or combinations of characters to compress text files. It uses a dynamic dictionary to map words to their symbols. Spaces are removed from the compressed file in some cases to further reduce file size. Experimental results show the algorithm achieves better compression ratios than LZW, WinZip 10.0 and WinRAR 3.93 for various text file types while allowing lossless decompression.
The document discusses agile programming and proposes a new methodology. It provides an overview of existing agile methodologies like Scrum and Extreme Programming. Scrum uses short sprints to define tasks and deadlines. Extreme Programming focuses on practices like test-first development, pair programming, and continuous integration. The document notes drawbacks like an inability to support large or multi-site projects. It proposes designing a new methodology that combines the advantages of existing methods while overcoming their deficiencies.
Adaptive load balancing techniques in global scale grid environmentiaemedu
The document discusses various adaptive load balancing techniques for distributed applications in grid environments. It first describes adaptive mesh refinement algorithms that partition computational domains using space-filling curves or by distributing grids independently or at different levels. It also discusses dynamic load balancing using tiling and multi-criteria geometric partitioning. The document then covers repartitioning algorithms based on multilevel diffusion and the adaptive characteristics of structured adaptive mesh refinement applications. Finally, it discusses adaptive workload balancing on heterogeneous resources by benchmarking resource characteristics and estimating application parameters to find optimal load distribution.
A survey on the performance of job scheduling in workflow applicationiaemedu
This document summarizes a survey on job scheduling performance in workflow applications on grid platforms. It discusses an adaptive dual objective scheduling (ADOS) algorithm that takes both completion time and resource usage into account for measuring schedule performance. The study shows ADOS delivers good performance in completion time, resource usage, and robustness to changes in resource performance. It also describes the system architecture used, which includes a planner and executor component. The planner focuses on scheduling to minimize completion time while considering resource usage, and can reschedule if needed. The executor enacts the schedule on the grid resources.
A survey of mitigating routing misbehavior in mobile ad hoc networksiaemedu
This document summarizes existing methods to detect misbehavior in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It discusses how routing protocols assume nodes will cooperate fully, but misbehavior like packet dropping can occur. It describes several techniques to detect misbehavior, including watchdog, ACK/SACK, TWOACK, S-TWOACK, and credit-based/reputation-based schemes. Credit-based schemes use virtual currencies to provide incentives for nodes to forward packets, while reputation-based schemes track nodes' past behaviors. The document aims to survey approaches for mitigating the impact of misbehaving nodes in MANET routing.
A novel approach for satellite imagery storage by classifyiaemedu
This document presents a novel approach for classifying and storing satellite imagery by detecting and storing only non-duplicate regions. It uses kernel principal component analysis to reduce the dimensionality and extract features of satellite images. Fuzzy N-means clustering is then used to segment the images into blocks. A duplication detection algorithm compares blocks to identify duplicate and non-duplicate regions. Only the non-duplicate regions are stored in the database, improving storage efficiency and updating speed compared to completely replacing existing images. Support vector machines are used to categorize the non-duplicate blocks into the appropriate classes in the existing images.
A self recovery approach using halftone images for medical imageryiaemedu
This document summarizes a proposed approach for securely transferring medical images over the internet using visual cryptography and halftone images. The approach uses error diffusion techniques to generate a halftone host image from the grayscale medical image. Shadow images are then created from the halftone host image using visual cryptography algorithms. When stacked together, the shadow images reveal the secret medical image. The halftone host image also contains an embedded logo that can be extracted to verify the integrity of the reconstructed image without a trusted third party.
A comprehensive study of non blocking joining techniqueiaemedu
The document discusses and compares various non-blocking joining techniques for databases. It describes 7 different non-blocking joining algorithms: 1) Symmetric hash join, 2) XJoin, 3) Progressive merge join, 4) Hash merge join, 5) Rate based progressive join, 6) Multi-way join, and 7) Early hash join. For each algorithm, it explains the basic approach, memory overflow handling technique, and provides diagrams to illustrate the process. The goal of the paper is to explain and evaluate these non-blocking joining techniques based on factors like execution time, memory usage, I/O complexity, and ability to handle continuous data streams.
A comparative study on multicast routing using dijkstra’siaemedu
This document presents a comparative study of Dijkstra's algorithm, Prim's algorithm, and Ant Colony Systems (ACS) for multicast routing. It describes an example network with 5 nodes and 10 paths and applies each algorithm to find the optimal routing paths. Dijkstra's algorithm is applied to the directed graph and finds the shortest paths from each node. Prim's algorithm is applied to the undirected graph to find the minimum spanning tree. ACS is also applied to the undirected graph using state transition rules and pheromone updating rules to determine paths. The results are analyzed and the computational complexity of each approach is compared.
The detection of routing misbehavior in mobile ad hoc networksiaemedu
This document discusses detecting routing misbehavior in mobile ad hoc networks using the 2ACK scheme with the OLSR protocol. It begins by describing how packet loss can occur in MANETs due to selfish or misbehaving nodes that agree to forward packets but then drop them. It then summarizes existing methods for detecting misbehavior, including credit-based schemes using virtual currencies, reputation-based schemes using watchdog and path rater modules, and end-to-end acknowledgment schemes using ACKs and SACKs. The rest of the document focuses on simulating the 2ACK scheme with OLSR to reduce overhead and packet loss by having receivers acknowledge only a fraction of received packets. The results show this approach reduces packet loss
Visual cryptography scheme for color imagesiaemedu
This document summarizes a research paper on a new visual cryptography scheme for color images. The proposed scheme decomposes a color image into cyan, magenta, and yellow color spaces. Each color channel is then converted to binary using halftoning and shared using a (2,3) visual threshold scheme to generate three image shares. When two or more shares are stacked together, the original color image is revealed without loss of quality, as measured by structural similarity indices near 1. The scheme achieves encryption without increasing image size or bandwidth requirements compared to the original image.