This document outlines the key topics and objectives covered in a performance management course. It discusses determining individual performance, the purposes of performance management, criteria for an effective system, and different approaches to measurement. The comparative, attribute, behavioral, results, and quality approaches are described in detail. Sources of performance information like managers, peers, subordinates, self, and customers are also analyzed. The types of rater errors in evaluations are explained as halo effect, horns effect, leniency, and strictness. Preventative measures like training and framing performance dimensions are suggested. Appraisal politics where ratings are distorted for goals is also defined.
Unit- 1. Performance Management and reward systems in Context Preeti Bhaskar
This document provides an overview of performance management. It begins by defining performance management as identifying, measuring, developing, and aligning individual and team performance with organizational goals. It distinguishes performance management from performance appraisal, noting that performance management involves ongoing feedback to improve performance while appraisal assesses strengths and weaknesses annually. The document outlines contributions and disadvantages of performance management systems, defines reward systems, and describes the roles and ideal characteristics of an effective performance management system.
The document discusses performance management. It defines performance management as specifying job aspects through analysis and measuring them via appraisal to provide feedback. It identifies purposes as strategic, administrative, and developmental. It discusses criteria for effective systems, approaches like comparative and attribute, and reducing rater errors through training. Managers should diagnose causes of poor performance and develop legally sound systems.
Introduction to Performance Management - Meaning, Process, Need, Difference between Performance Appraisal and Performance Management, Components of Performance Management System
Performance management is defined as a strategic and integrated approach to delivering successful organizational results by improving employee performance and developing capabilities. It involves setting expectations, reviewing results, and rewarding performance. The goal is to establish a shared understanding of what needs to be achieved and develop an approach to managing employees so goals can be met. Performance is influenced by ability, motivation, and opportunity. It is measured using indicators like productivity, efficiency, innovation, and control of external factors. Performance appraisals assess accomplishments and develop plans for improvement. They are used for evaluation decisions, training needs assessments, and human resource functions like compensation, promotion, and succession planning.
Performance management is a strategic process that improves employee performance by aligning individual objectives with organizational goals. It involves continuous feedback, development of skills and capabilities, and rewarding employees for achieving targets. The key aspects of performance management are establishing performance standards, measuring and reviewing performance, providing feedback, and developing employees.
This document discusses performance management. It begins by identifying the major determinants of individual performance and the three general purposes of performance management as improving employee performance, developing people for promotional opportunities, and meeting employee needs for feedback.
It then identifies five criteria for effective performance management systems: strategic congruence, validity, reliability, acceptability, and specificity. Four approaches to performance measurement are discussed: comparative, attribute, behavioral, and results-oriented. Specific techniques used in each approach and how they compare to the criteria are also examined.
The document provides information on choosing effective approaches and sources for performance information for different situations, as well as distinguishing types of rating errors and how to minimize them in evaluations. It discusses understanding the
The document discusses performance management and appraisal. It covers:
1) The difference between performance appraisal and performance management, with appraisal focusing on evaluation and management focusing on goals.
2) Why performance management is used, including alignment with quality management and strategic goals.
3) Components of an effective performance management process, including goal setting, feedback, and assessment.
Performance management is a continuous process of setting goals for employees, regularly monitoring progress towards achieving those goals, and reviewing performance to ensure alignment with organizational objectives. It involves planning work and setting objectives, ongoing coaching and feedback, and formal reviews of performance and goals. The goal is to motivate employees and provide clarity on job expectations to optimize individual and organizational performance.
Performance management is defined as an ongoing, iterative process that includes goal setting, communication, observation, and evaluation to support organizational success. It aims to align employee performance with organizational strategic goals. Key aspects of performance management include planning performance goals, executing work, assessing performance, reviewing performance, and renewing goals. The information gathered through performance management is used for salary administration, performance feedback, and identifying employee strengths and weaknesses.
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This document outlines the key aspects of a performance management system, including:
1. The meaning, scope, and objectives of performance management, which aims to enhance employee performance and provide feedback.
2. A four-phase performance management cycle of setting expectations, maintaining dialogue, evaluation, and addressing poor performance.
3. Prerequisites for an effective performance management system including clear policies and procedures.
4. Factors to consider when seeking to improve employee performance through targets and other drivers.
This document discusses the importance of performance management and development systems for organizations. It outlines key objectives of performance management like human resource planning, personnel decisions, and employee feedback and development. Effective systems separate evaluation from development, specify job-related criteria, use multiple ratings, and provide ongoing feedback. New approaches include team and 360-degree appraisals and competency-based systems. Technology now allows for computer monitoring and online evaluations. Strategic performance management aligns systems with organizational lifecycles, strategies, and competitive environments.
Performance Management System & Performance AppraisalArun VI
The document discusses performance management systems and performance appraisal. It explains that performance management systems take a systematic approach to improving individual and team performance in an organization, and include strategic functions like resource planning and organizational development as well as transactional functions like recruitment and selection. Performance appraisal evaluates and measures an individual's performance and helps categorize high and low performers so that low performers can receive training and high performers can be rewarded. Performance management differs from performance appraisal in that it involves continuous monitoring, setting clear objectives, and regular feedback throughout the performance cycle. An effective performance management system comprises forecasting, planning, controls, and reporting to improve policies, programs, and outcomes.
The document discusses performance appraisal forms and their components. It describes the typical sections in appraisal forms which include basic employee information, objectives and standards, competencies, achievements, development goals, stakeholder input, employee comments and signatures. It also discusses characteristics of effective forms like simplicity, relevancy, descriptiveness, adaptability and comprehensiveness. The document outlines factors to consider in rater training programs like providing information on how the performance system works, addressing rater motivations, and teaching skills like identifying, observing and evaluating performance.
Chapter 7 Implementing a Performance Management SystemPreeti Bhaskar
This document discusses how to implement an effective performance management system. It recommends gaining buy-in through communication and training. The communication plan should explain what performance management is and how it benefits employees. Training should minimize rater biases and teach how to accurately evaluate performance. A pilot test allows working out issues before full implementation. Ongoing evaluation ensures the system meets its goals.
Chapter 11 Performance Management and AppraisalRayman Soe
This document discusses performance management and appraisals. It begins by defining performance management as processes used to identify, encourage, measure, evaluate, improve, and reward employee performance. It then distinguishes performance management from performance appraisals. The document outlines the components of an effective performance management system and various methods for identifying and measuring employee performance, including setting performance standards. It also discusses developmental and administrative uses of performance appraisals and potential issues.
This document provides an overview of performance management processes. It defines performance management as an ongoing cycle of communication between supervisors and employees to set work expectations and assess performance. The key steps are planning, managing performance through feedback, conducting performance reviews, and providing performance-based rewards. Challenges include ensuring all employee performance is evaluated honestly and that everyone has good negotiation skills. The document recommends training managers and selecting a performance management model that suits the organization's needs.
Performance Management & Reward Systems: Performance linked remuneration system, Types of Rewards, Designing Reward System, Total Reward Strategies, Characteristics of an Effective Performance Reward Plan. Performance Analysis, Performance Review Discussion, Using Performance Management Systems Data for HR Decisions, Performance Improvements and Performance Management Skills.
Performance Management by Jonathan WestoverHTPBELARUS
This document provides an overview of a training session on creating high performance work cultures. The session will define high-performance work systems, identify their key elements and outcomes. It will also describe how to establish such systems, leverage human resource management to drive performance, and provide effective performance feedback. The goal is to help organizations maximize their human capital potential by developing learning organizations with continuous improvement.
An effective performance appraisal system aims to improve individual, team, and organizational performance while also assisting with administrative decisions regarding pay, transfers, or termination. It should utilize job-related criteria and performance expectations, ensure standardization and trained appraisers, and promote continuous open communication including performance reviews with due process. Common errors include halo/horn biases that generalize one positive or negative aspect to an entire evaluation, as well as leniency, strictness, and central tendency errors in ratings.
The document discusses the BRICS alliance between Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa, which was formed to promote economic cooperation between these emerging economies. It outlines the history and objectives of BRICS, provides an overview of the key advantages and challenges facing each member country, and considers the future potential economic power of the BRICS nations by 2050.
A brief overview of the congruence model, used in organisational development and change. A useful model to use when considering implementing new strategy or changes in strategy.
KRA stands for Key Result Areas. It refers to the main objectives and outcomes an employee is responsible for achieving in their role. The process for determining KRAs involves listing main responsibilities, asking "why" for each activity to identify themes, and sharing the identified KRAs with others on their team. KRAs should be specific, measurable, achievable, related to the job, and time-bound. Identifying KRAs helps employees clarify their roles, set goals, focus on results, and improve time management and performance.
This document outlines the key responsibilities of a human resources professional. The responsibilities include: handling various HR functions like recruitment, compensation, performance management, and training; ensuring statutory compliance; onboarding new employees; developing and implementing HR policies; managing compensation and benefits; overseeing performance management; engaging employees through training, events, and visual management; maintaining HR records and reporting; and general HR administration and operations. The professional has extensive experience in strategic talent planning, recruitment, developing HR strategies, and maintaining compliance.
Key result areas performance appraisalnanamoore807
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KRA KPI ( Key results area and Key performance indicators)Sagar Paul
A key result area (KRA) is a strategic factor critical for an organization to achieve its goals. KRAs identify important areas where strong positive results must be realized. Examples of KRAs include customer satisfaction, product management, and operational cost control. Key performance indicators (KPIs) provide leadership with metrics to measure progress towards objectives in the KRAs. Careful attention should be given to defining KRAs, key performance areas (KPAs), and KPIs in strategic planning and performance management.
The 6 Thinking hats ensures that groups think together in a focused manner, staying on task, & ensures that they focus their efforts on the most important elements of any issue being discussed.
The district goals for 2010-2011 aim to strengthen Rotary clubs and membership. Key goals include achieving 80% membership retention, increasing club membership by 15% on average, conducting community projects in areas like health, hunger, literacy and water, increasing participation in Rotary Foundation programs, and chartering at least 5 new Rotary clubs. The goals emphasize developing impactful service projects, expanding membership, and strengthening connections between clubs at the district and international levels.
Ear Technologies offers hearing aid services and products to the hearing impaired in Northern Luzon, Philippines. It has various hearing aid products and services including audiometry testing. Ear Technologies' target market is the hearing impaired class ABCDE who want to regain their hearing. The company faces competition from other hearing aid centers but positions itself as the only provider in Northern Luzon. Ear Technologies' strategy is to dominate the niche market in Northern Luzon through doctor referrals and its wide range of quality products.
This document provides an overview of evaluating neck masses, with a focus on the thyroid gland. It discusses the anatomy of the neck, characteristics of common neck masses, diagnostic tools such as biopsy and imaging, and characteristics and management of various thyroid conditions. Prominent topics include thyroid cancer risk factors, symptoms of malignant thyroid nodules, and examination findings suggestive of thyroid cancer.
The ABCDE mnemonic is commonly used in first aid training and trauma assessment to prioritize care for a patient. It stands for:
A - Airway, B - Breathing, C - Circulation, D - Disability, E - Exposure/Environment. Variations on the mnemonic order the steps differently or add additional letters to address specific treatments. The recovery position is recommended for any unconscious patient who is still breathing to prevent aspiration.
This document discusses developing marketing strategies and plans. It covers how marketing affects customer value through a value delivery process. Strategic planning is carried out at different organization levels, from corporate to business unit levels. A marketing plan should include situational analysis, objectives, strategies, implementation plans, and controls. It also discusses holistic marketing which integrates value exploration, creation, and delivery to build long-term customer relationships. Strategic planning identifies opportunities and threats in the external environment and strengths and weaknesses internally through a SWOT analysis.
Evidence-based medicine (EBM) or evidence-based practice (EBP) aims to apply the best available evidence gained from the scientific method to clinical decision making. It seeks to assess the strength of evidence of the risks and benefits of treatments (including lack of treatment) and diagnostic tests. Evidence quality can range from meta-analyses and systematic reviews of double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials at the top end, down to conventional wisdom at the bottom.
The document outlines the ENT conference schedule for January to June 2011 at Baguio General Hospital & Medical Center. It includes the conference topics being discussed each week, primarily focusing on different ENT subspecialties and case presentations. The conferences are held every Tuesday from 8:30-10:30am and include activities like case audits/morbidity and mortality rounds, grand rounds, and clinical problem solving sessions. Visiting specialists are also scheduled some months to present on topics within their areas of expertise like head and neck tumor surgery.
The oral cavity is an important source of bacteraemia for patients with malignancies. Many studies have shown oral infections can lead to life-threatening sepsis in immunosuppressed patients undergoing cancer therapy. However, knowledge in this area is limited as it is based mostly on small patient studies with no large multicenter trials. Clinical practice guidelines are needed to establish evidence-based treatment protocols for oral infections to prevent sepsis of oral origin. Close cooperation between oncology and oral health units is important to maintain oral health and treat potential infection foci before immunosuppressive therapy.
This document discusses the evaluation and diagnosis of various neck masses that may present in pediatric patients. It covers lymphomas, salivary gland tumors, carotid body tumors, neurogenic tumors such as schwannomas, congenital masses like thyroglossal duct cysts and hemangiomas, and other less common entities. Physical exam findings, diagnostic testing options, and treatment approaches are provided for each condition.
The naso-orbitoethmoid complex (NOE) fracture represents the most wearisome and challenging of all facial fractures due to the complexity and intricacy of its surgical & anatomic components. A good working knowledge with regards its surgical anatomy, clinical features, sequence of treatment & surgical approaches, potential pitfalls in its treatment & postoperative consideration,. Appropriate diagnosis and timely treatment is crucial to avoid unfavorable & difficult to treat sequelae.
This document outlines competencies for different year levels of training in Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery (ORL-HNS). It includes cognitive, psychomotor, affective, and interpersonal skills competencies. For each year, it lists the expected cognitive competencies such as discussing anatomy and management of common disorders. Higher years require discussion of more complex topics and independent management of patients from pre-op to post-op care, including recognition and management of complications. The competencies aim to be attained by the end of each training year to carry forward to subsequent training.
Performance appraisals are used to systematically evaluate employee performance and potential. They help with career development, goal setting, identifying strengths and weaknesses, and making administrative decisions. Effective appraisal methods benefit both employees and organizations by providing feedback, guiding improvement, and maximizing productivity. Regular reviews keep employees motivated to perform better over time.
Performance management involves ensuring employee activities align with organizational goals. It has strategic, developmental, and administrative purposes. Effective performance management systems are strategically congruent, valid, reliable, acceptable, and specific. Managers should provide regular feedback, determine causes of poor performance, and ensure systems can legally withstand scrutiny.
This document discusses employee performance appraisals. It begins by defining key terms like performance, review, and management. It describes the objectives of appraisals as improving organizational effectiveness and providing data for promotion decisions. Common flaws are focusing only on past results and tying reviews to salaries. The document outlines various appraisal methods, including critical incidents, checklists, and multi-rater assessments. It discusses setting standards, measuring performance, and providing feedback. Finally, it identifies problems like bias and proposes solutions like careful documentation and constructive feedback.
The document discusses performance management systems and performance appraisals. It defines performance as the degree of accomplishment of job tasks. Performance is determined by effort, abilities, and role perceptions. Effective performance management systems include regular performance appraisals that provide feedback, set improvement goals, and inform decisions like promotions. Several appraisal methods are described, like management by objectives and 360-degree feedback, with their strengths and weaknesses. Common errors in appraisals like leniency and halo effects are also outlined.
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Performance management (PM) includes activities which ensure that goals are consistently being met in an effective and efficient manner. Performance management can focus on the performance of an organization, a department, employee, or even the processes to build a product or service, as well as many other areas.
PM is also known as a process by which organizations align their resources, systems and employees to strategic objectives and priorities.[1]
This document provides information about performance appraisal. It begins with definitions of performance appraisal and reasons for appraising employee performance such as for pay, promotion, retention, career planning, training, and correcting deficiencies. It then discusses the process of performance appraisal, including establishing standards, setting goals, measuring performance, comparing to standards, discussing with employees, and identifying actions. Next, it covers traditional appraisal methods like critical incidents, checklists, rating scales, forced choice, and ranking as well as modern methods like BARS, MBO, and 360 degree feedback. Finally, it notes a potential problem is having unclear performance standards.
Performance management involves measuring employee and organizational performance to improve results over time. It serves strategic, administrative, and developmental purposes. There are various approaches to performance management, such as management by objectives, that depend on factors like job type. Performance feedback must be delivered carefully to motivate rather than demotivate employees. Common errors in performance appraisals include halo effects, leniency bias, and similar-to-me bias that can influence ratings. Objective metrics help reduce biases in evaluating performance.
This document provides information on performance management and evaluation methods. It discusses how performance management involves establishing goals, ongoing feedback, and appraisal processes. It describes different sources of appraisal information, such as trait methods like rating scales and essays, behavioral methods like critical incidents and checklists, and results methods like productivity measures and management by objectives. It also outlines characteristics of effective performance appraisal interviews, such as establishing quantifiable goals jointly and reviewing them periodically.
The document provides information about performance appraisal systems. It discusses:
- The key characteristics of performance appraisal including that it is a systematic, periodic and impartial process to evaluate employee performance on their current and future jobs.
- The types of performance appraisal systems including individual methods like annual reports and checklists, and multiple person methods like paired comparisons and 360 degree feedback.
- The objectives and scope of a study on the performance appraisal system at SIMCO Engineering, including understanding employee satisfaction and identifying factors to improve performance and the appraisal process.
- The limitations of the study including some employee hesitation and a limited sample size of 120 employees.
The document discusses various methods for performance appraisal, including ranking, rating scales, behavioral observation, and management by objectives. It explains how to write SMART objectives and outlines the performance management process of planning, supporting performance, and final review. The purpose of performance appraisal is to provide feedback to employees to motivate, correct, and continue their performance as part of an integrated performance management approach.
The document discusses performance management and performance appraisal. It defines performance management as ensuring employee activities align with organizational goals. Performance appraisal involves evaluating how well employees perform their jobs. Feedback provides information on performance effectiveness. Appraisal is used for pay, promotion, correcting deficiencies, and reinforcing good performance. Performance management has strategic, developmental, and administrative purposes.
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Difference between performance management and performance appraisalalexsmith9114
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The document discusses performance appraisals and management. It outlines various purposes of performance appraisals including providing feedback, identifying strengths and weaknesses, and making compensation and promotion decisions. It also discusses different appraisal methods like rating scales, essays, and management by objectives. Key aspects of an effective appraisal process include establishing clear performance standards, training appraisers to reduce biases, and conducting appraisal interviews that emphasize strengths and problem solving.
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The literature review usually precedes a research proposal and results section. Its goals are to situate the current study within the body of literature and to provide context for the particular reader. Literature reviews are important for research in nearly every academic field.
This document discusses frontal sinus fractures, including surgical anatomy, treatment approaches, considerations for open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), and complications. It covers the anatomy of the olfactory bulb, cribriform plate, nasofrontal recess, and frontobasilar fractures that must be understood. Treatment goals are to restore facial contour and several surgical approaches are presented. Factors like intracranial injuries, other facial fractures, sinus derangement, and aesthetics can influence ORIF. Treatment may involve sinus obliteration or cranialization depending on fracture pattern. Perioperative care includes lumbar drains and antibiotics, though prolonged post-op antibiotics provide little benefit in preventing infections. Potential complications are also reviewed
This document summarizes the proceedings of a strategic planning workshop for the Department of Internal Medicine at Notre Dame De Chartes Hospital. The workshop included activities to identify the department's current status, values, vision, mission and strategies to achieve its goals. Key discussions centered around wanting to establish a dynamic and accredited residency training program guided by competent physicians to produce excellent internists by 2017. The workshop aimed to provide a collaborative process for the department to work as a team to effectively plan for its future.
Vertigo is a subtype of dizziness in which a patient inappropriately experiences the perception of motion (usually a spinning motion) due to dysfunction of the vestibular system.
For every new medicine we discover & invent - antibiotic resistance develops to the older one. For every microorganism that we eradicate, another one emerges to take its place.
The document outlines the constitution and by-laws of the Baguio Benguet Medical Society (BBMS). Some key points:
1) BBMS aims to unite physicians in Baguio and Benguet to advance medical knowledge through continuing education and research.
2) Membership is open to licensed physicians practicing in Baguio and Benguet. There are categories for regular, emeritus and life members.
3) The officers include a President, Vice Presidents for Administration and Finance, and Secretary General. The Board of Directors consists of these officers and 11 additional directors.
4) The objectives are to promote medical education, ethics and laws, as well as physician rights and
This document outlines the constitution and bylaws of the Baguio Benguet Medical Society (BBMS). It establishes BBMS as the non-profit professional organization for physicians in Baguio and Benguet. The document defines the vision, objectives, membership structure, officers, board of directors, and general assembly of BBMS. It provides the framework for governance of the society and representation of its physician members.
The document discusses laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR), which is the abnormal reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus and larynx. It causes damage to the esophageal and laryngeal mucosa from the acidic properties. LPR can present typically with symptoms like crying and irritability in infants, or atypically with symptoms like apnea, asthma, cough and sinusitis. Both medical and surgical treatments are discussed to treat LPR and its complications. Risk factors, diagnosis and management of LPR are covered.
i) The Vision of this Residents-in-training Manual is to create a perfect guide which is appropriate, competent & adaptive to the changing regional needs and culture of specialty training & dynamic enough to meet the demands of technology change, innovations in management & medical advancement.
The Vision of this BGH MC Residents-in-training Manual is to create a perfect guide which is appropriate, competent & adaptive to the changing regional needs and culture of specialty training & dynamic enough to meet the demands of technology change, innovations in management & medical advancement.
This document outlines the basic steps for performing a head and neck examination in otolaryngology. It discusses taking a thorough patient history, including symptoms. The physical exam involves inspecting and palpating different areas such as the face, neck, lymph nodes, thyroid, sinuses and oral cavity. Common ENT diseases are also reviewed. Proper documentation of exam findings is emphasized, with examples given of documenting a normal head and neck exam.
1. The document outlines the lecture schedule for the Department of Otolaryngology â Head & Neck Surgery at Baguio Central University College of Medicine for the 2011-2012 school year.
2. It lists the faculty members and their scheduled lecture times on Mondays, Tuesdays, and Fridays from 2-3pm.
3. The schedule provides an overview of the topics to be covered each week from November 2011 through March 2012, including examinations of the head and neck, facial trauma/surgery, nasal/sinus conditions, ear diseases, neck masses, pediatric ENT, laryngeal examination and more.
1. The PICO model is used to structure clinical questions and formulate answerable research questions. It breaks questions down into four key elements - Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome.
2. A good research question will be clearly linked to the overall project goal, allow identification of the target population and study subjects, and guide the appropriate choice of study design and data collection methods.
3. The example discusses using the PICO model to formulate the question "What evidence is there to support âhoneyâ therapy for the treatment of neck wound dehiscense rather than conventional debridement therapies?"
This document discusses human needs and wants. It defines needs as the natural desires that are required for pursuing happiness, like life, liberty, food, drink, shelter. Higher human needs mentioned include association, friendship, love, peace, liberty, honor, dignity, respect, and knowledge. Wants are desires beyond what is required or needed to live. The document also provides a list of words and asks to identify them as needs or wants.
The document outlines the ENT conference schedule for the Department of ORL-HNS at Baguio General Hospital & Medical Center for January to May 2011. The schedule includes conferences on topics such as rhinology, thyroid, laryngology, maxillofacial surgery, otology, and general ENT. Conferences are held on Tuesdays from 8:30-10:30am or 8:30-10:00am and include case audits/morbidity and mortality reviews, case conferences, grand rounds, and clinical problem solving sessions.
This document contains the ENT conference schedule for January and February 2011 at Baguio General Hospital & Medical Center. In January, conferences are scheduled on various ENT topics including rhinology, thyroid, laryngology, and maxillofacial surgery. Conferences also include case audits, grand rounds, and clinical problem solving sessions. Similarly, in February conferences continue on topics such as rhinology, otology, general ENT, and research, along with recurring case conferences and audits. All conferences take place on Tuesdays from 8:30-10:30am or 8:30-10:00am.
This document discusses various lesions that can occur in the oral cavity. It begins by defining mouth ulcers and listing common causes such as physical abrasion, infection, and cancer. It then covers specific conditions like recurrent aphthous stomatitis, lichen planus, pemphigus vulgaris, and necrotizing sialometaplasia. It provides details on symptoms, appearance, epidemiology, treatment and pathogenesis for each condition. In general, the document provides a comprehensive overview of acute and chronic ulcerative lesions that can present in the oral cavity.
This document provides guidance on examining the oral cavity and oropharynx. Key areas to examine include the lips, checking for color, consistency, lesions or abnormalities; the buccal mucosa, looking for lesions; the gingiva, noting color, tone and architecture; the hard and soft palates; the tongue, checking all surfaces for lesions or signs of nutritional deficiencies; the floor of the mouth, visualizing and palpating for lesions or masses; and the oropharynx, checking for normal color and consistency of tissues. The lateral borders of the tongue and floor of the mouth are the most common sites for oral cancer, so these areas require close examination. A systematic and complete examination of all oral tissues
Many radiolucent or mixed radiolucent/radiopaque lesions of the mandible & maxilla may present as incidental findings on radiographs or as the main symptom of a patient. Complete history & physical examination with appropriate radiographic examination & pathologic confirmation completes the management of these diseases.
Mandibular fractures have been documented since ancient Greece. Hippocrates described reducing displaced but incomplete mandibular fractures by pressing on the lingual surface with fingers while applying counterpressure externally. The Edwin Smith Treatise also described examining for mandibular fractures by feeling for crepitus under the fingers. Mandibular fractures typically involve the body, angle, condyle, symphysis, or ramus. Physical exam may reveal changes in occlusion, inability to open or close the mouth, anesthesia of the lower lip, or trismus. Diagnosis is made by identifying these physical exam findings along with the patient's mechanism of injury.
A complete step-by-step guide on how to start,scale and monetize YouTube channels to start earning decent money online. This guide gives brief information on everything you need to know to get started with YouTube automation and scale it up as soon as possible.
1. **Team Strength**:
- Seasoned discoverers with mineral finds of >$1Bn (silver), >42Mozs (gold), >12Blbs (copper)
- $8.75M recently raised for aggressive exploration
- 30% management ownership aligns interests
2. **High-Grade Discovery**:
- 2021 re-discovery: 75Moz at 980g/t AgEq (silver-zinc-lead)
- Objective: Prove continuity between high-grade discovery and existing gold-silver mine
- Potential for a gigantic, continuous deposit
3. **Proven Production Area**:
- Site of one of Alaska's first open-pit gold mines
- Existing 43-101 resource: ~500,000 oz AuEq, mostly indicated
4. **Carbonate Replacement Deposit (CRD) Advantages**:
- High grades, low mining costs
- Metallurgically simple, minimal environmental impact
- Strategic metals (Zn, Ga) could expedite permitting
5. **Massive Potential**:
- Two polymetallic deposits potentially linked
- Extensive mineralization corridor to be confirmed by drilling
Key Takeaway: High-grade discovery with potential for a giant, continuous CRD deposit, backed by a proven team and existing resources in a mining-friendly jurisdiction.
The standard operating procedure aims to align all the Digital Marketing Efforts into a single channel and help to measure the effectiveness of each department.
This SOP applies to all digital marketing activities including
âą Social Media Marketing (SMM)
âą Search Engine Marketing (SEM)
âą Digital Ads
âą Web Development
âą SEO
âą Email Marketing
âą SMS Marketing
âą Community Marketing (Whatsapp/ Viber etc.)
âą Paid Marketing
âą Native Marketing
âą Analytics Tools
The Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) is the OMG industry standard for defining and orchestrating the flow of activities comprising end-to-end business processes. This live event will showcase the iterative creation and seamless exchange of BPMN models among different tools, highlighting the interoperability and sophistication of current BPMN technology. This showcase is an invaluable opportunity for professionals in the field to witness firsthand the advanced functionalities and collaborative potential of BPMN tools. Join us for an insightful exhibition of the latest advancements in business process management.
A Complete Guide of Dubai Freelance Visa and Permit in 2024Dubiz
Dubai warmly welcomes professionals from every field, including freelancers. The cityâs strong economy provides a fertile ground for freelancers to thrive and succeed. With the rise of digitalization and changes in employment trends, many people are choosing freelance careers for the independence and flexibility they offer. And where better to start your freelancing journey than in Dubai? However, to begin your journey, you will first need to get a freelance permit and a freelance visa Dubai.
Letâs begin by exploring the opportunities for freelancers in Dubai and learn how to obtain the necessary visa and permit, including associated requirements and costs.
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This case study underscores upGrad's role in reshaping education through internet-driven innovation, illustrating its commitment to empowering learners and fostering career growth in the digital age.
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#Industry-Relevant Programs
Maximise your Business Potential: Annual Planning Workshopchris908327
Are you striving to elevate your business to new heights? Prepare to transform your aspirations into actionable plans with our exclusive 90-Day Planning Workshop, meticulously designed for owners and managers of family and privately owned businesses. Led by Russell Cummings, Australiaâs premier business coach from Shifft, this online workshop is your golden ticket to crafting a focused roadmap for the April to June 2024 quarter.
Innovation Hub_ Spotlight on Toms River's Role as a Beacon for Entrepreneuria...Philip M Caputo
As explained by Philip M Caputo, Tom's River New Jersey, is rapidly emerging as a vibrant hub of innovation and entrepreneurship. With its strategic location, supportive community, and rich history of resilience, this town is transforming into a beacon for entrepreneurial endeavors. Toms River fosters a dynamic environment where ideas flourish, and businesses thrive, from tech startups to creative enterprises.
How Do Flange Adapters Work and Why Are They Essential?Texas Flange
Discover how flange adapters work and why they are essential for seamless pipe connections. Enhance efficiency and ensure leak-free operations with top-quality flange adapters.
TEST BANK For Auditing & Assurance Services A Systematic Approach, 12th Editi...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK For Auditing & Assurance Services A Systematic Approach, 12th Edition By William Messier Jr, Steven Glover, Verified
TEST BANK For Auditing & Assurance Services A Systematic Approach, 12th Edition By William Messier Jr, Steven Glover, Verified
3. OBJECTIVESIdentify major determinants of individual performanceDiscuss the three general purposes of performance managementIdentify the five criteria for effective performance management systemDiscuss the four approaches to performance management, specific techniques used in each approach, & the way these approaches compare with criteria for effective performance management system
4. OBJECTIVESChoose the most effective approach to performance measurement for a given situationDiscuss the advantages & disadvantages of the different sources of performance informationChoose the most effective source/s for performance information for any situationDistinguish types of errors & explain how to minimize each in a performance evaluationIdentify the cause of a performance problem
5. What is Performance Management?Means through which managers ensure that employeesâ activities and outputs are congruent with the organizationâs goals.
6. Parts of Performance Management System1. Job Analysis ( Define ) - specifies which aspect of performance are relevant to the organization 2. Performance Appraisal ( Measure ) - measures aspect of performance, how well an employee is doing his job
7. Parts of Performance Management System3. Performance Feedback - provides feedback to employee, tying rewards to performance through compensation system - employees effectiveness
8. Major Determinants of Individual Performance Organizational StrategyLong and short term goals and values Individual Attributes (e.g. Skills and abilities )Objective Results Individual Behaviors Situational ConstraintsOrganizational culture Economic conditions
9. Purposes of Performance Management1. Strategic Purpose - link employee activities with organizationâs goals the results, behavior, employee characteristics developing measurement and feedback mechanism 2. Administrative Purpose - administrative decisions: salary administration, promotions, retentions, layoffs, and recognition
10. Purposes of Performance Management3. Developmental Purpose - develop employees who are effective - identifies deficient aspects of employeesâ performance and its causes
11. Five Criteria for Effective Performance Management 1. Strategic Congruence - extent to which the performance management system elicits job performance that is consistent with the organizationâs strategy, goals and culture - guide employees in contributing to the organizationâs success 2. Validity - assesses all the relevant and only the relevant aspects of job performance
12. Five Criteria for Effective Performance Management â Content ValidityâJob performance measureActual, or âtrueâ job performanceContaminationDeficiencyValidity
13. Five Criteria for Effective Performance Management3. Reliability - consistency of a performance measure, free from random error - interrater reliability - internal consistency reliability - test - retest reliability: reliable over time
14. Five Criteria for Effective Performance Management 4. Acceptability - satisfactory or adequate by those who use it - 3 categories of perceived fairness: > procedural > interpersonal > outcome fairness5. Specificity - detailed guidance to employees about what is expected and how they can meet these expectation
17. Approaches to Measuring performanceWe can manage performance by focusing on:Employee attributesBehaviorsResultsAddition:Overall comparisons among individualsâ performanceEmphasis on Quality
18. Learning Objective:Approaches to Measuring performanceExplore various approaches to measuring and managing performanceDiscuss techniques associated with each approachEvaluate the approached based on criteriaStrategic congruence, validity, reliability, acceptability and specificity
19. 1. COMPARATIVE ApproachRequires the rater to COMPARE an individualâs performance with that of othersUses overall assessment of an individualâs performanceDevelop some RANKING of the individuals within the group
21. 1. COMPARATIVE ApproachRANKINGSimple rankingRank employees within their department from hishest to poorest performerBEST TO WORSTAlternation RankingList of employees, cross the best and worst employee
22. 1. COMPARATIVE ApproachRANKINGCaution!Received attention in the courtsValidation of the selection system using employee rankings as the measure of performanceCriteria of job performance may vary from one supervisor to anotherA focused and stable body of criteria is warranted
23. 1. COMPARATIVE ApproachFORCED DISTRIBUTIONAlso uses ranking formatEmployees ranked in groupsEmployees put in predetermined categoriesBest workers, in between, worst workersBottom 10%No bonuses and can be terminated
24. 1. COMPARATIVE ApproachFORCED DISTRIBUTIONForces manager to categorize employeesBased on distribution rules not on performanceAdvantageIdentifies high potential employeesIdentifies poorest performersProvides mechanism to help align company performance and employee performance and compensation
26. 1. COMPARATIVE ApproachFORCED DISTRIBUTIONDisadvantagesThis practice is arbitraryMay be IllegalCause poor moraleEx. 20 â 70 â 10 distributionProne to discriminationAge, minority, womenSubjectivePotential negative side effects on morale, teamwork, recruiting, and shareholder perceptions
27. 1. COMPARATIVE ApproachPAIRED COMPARISONCompare every employee with every other employee1 point for every higher performanceTotal score obtainedTIME CONSUMING
28. 1. COMPARATIVE ApproachEVALUATIONEffective in differentiating employee performanceEasy to develop and easy to useCommon failure to be linked to the strategic goal of the organizationSubjective â dependent on ratersLack specificity for feedbackHow can the individual improve his ranking
29. 2. ATTRIBUTE ApproachFocuses on extent to which individuals have certain attributesCharacteristic or traitDefine a set of traits for evaluationInitiative, leadership, and competitiveness
30. 2. ATTRIBUTE ApproachGraphic Rating ScalesList of traits evaluated by a five point rating scale See table 8.5 p 360
31. 2. ATTRIBUTE ApproachGraphic Rating ScalesList of traits evaluated by a five point rating scale Legal defensibility:SubjectiveCriticized appraisals â should demonstrate that rating is objectively related to actual work behavior
32. 2. ATTRIBUTE ApproachMixed Standard Scalesimproved versionRelevant performance dimensionsStatements representing good, average and poor performanceSee table 8.6 p360
33. 2. ATTRIBUTE ApproachMixed Standard Scalesimproved versionRelevant performance dimensionsStatements representing good, average and poor performanceOriginally developed as trait-oriented scalesInstrument using behavioral statements as a means of reducing rating errors in performance appraisal
34. 2. ATTRIBUTE ApproachEVALUATIONMost popular method in organizationsEasy to develop and generalizableAcross any organization and strategyLittle congruence between techniques and the companyâs strategyVague performance standardsOpen to different interpretation
35. 2. ATTRIBUTE ApproachEVALUATIONVague performance standardsDifferent raters may provide extremely different ratings and rankingsValidity and reliability are lowThese technique does not provide any specific guidance on how an employee can support the companyâs goal or correct performance deficiencies
36. 3. BEHAVIORAL ApproachAttempts to define the behaviors an employee must exhibit to be effective in the jobBehaviors are defined and managers assess the extent to which employees exhibit them
37. 3. BEHAVIORAL ApproachCritical IncidentsRequires managers to keep record of specific examples of effective and ineffective performanceProvides specific feedback to employees - what they do well and what they do poorlyCan be tied to the companyâs strategyIndividual approach â not being compared to others
38. 3. BEHAVIORAL ApproachBehaviorally Anchored Rating Scale (BARS)Builds on the critical incidents approachPlease check figure 8.4 p.63
39. 3. BEHAVIORAL ApproachBehaviorally Anchored Rating Scale (BARS)Builds on the critical incidents approachIdentify critical incidents that represent effective and ineffective performanceExperts agree on behavioral anchors that will serve as guide to ratersAnchors will serve as guide to managersRating becomes the employeeâs scoreBias on information recall
40. 3. BEHAVIORAL ApproachBehavioral Observation Scale (BOS)Variation of a BARSDeveloped from critical incidentsUses many behaviors to necessary for effective performanceRequires managers to rate the frequency with which the employee has exhibited each behavior during the rating periodRatings are then averaged to compute an overall performance rating
41. 3. BEHAVIORAL ApproachBehavioral Observation Scale (BOS)DrawbackMay require more information that most managers can process or rememberA BOS can have 80 or more behaviorsEvaluation can be annual/ bi annual
42. 3. BEHAVIORAL ApproachBehavioral Observation Scale (BOS)Compared to BARS and graphic rating scalesBOS is preferred for differentiating good from poor performersMaintains objectivity, providing feedback, suggesting training needs and being easy to use
43. 3. BEHAVIORAL ApproachOrganizational Behavioral Modification (OBM)Entails managing the behavior of employees through a formal system of behavioral feedback and reinforcementComponents1. Define a set of key behaviors necessary for job performance2. Use of measurement system to assess whether these behaviors are exhibited3. Manager informs employees of these behaviors4. Feedback and reinforcementFigure 8.5 p 366
44. 3. BEHAVIORAL ApproachAssessment CentersIndividuals usually perform a number of simulated tasksLeaderless group discussionsIn-basket managementRole playingAssessors observe the individualâs behavior and evaluate their skill or potential as managers
45. 3. BEHAVIORAL ApproachAssessment CentersAdvantageProvide objective measure of an individualâs performance at managerial task.Allow specific performance feedbackIndividualized developmental plan can be planned/designedEx: Assessment center for certifications â middle manager certificate after OJT and developmental experiences
46. 3. BEHAVIORAL ApproachEvaluationStrengthsCan be very effectiveCan link the companyâs strategy to the specific behavior necessary for implementing strategyProvides specific guidance and feedbackBehaviors identified are validAcceptability is highTechniques are reasonably reliable
47. 3. BEHAVIORAL ApproachEvaluationWeaknessesBehaviors and measures must be constantly monitored and revisedEnsure linkage with strategic focusAssumption of âone best wayâ to do the jobSuited for less complex jobsLeast suited for complex jobRequires multiple ways and behaviors
48. 4. RESULTS ApproachFocuses on managing the objective, measurable results of a job or work groupResults are the closest indicator of oneâs contribution to organizational effectivenessManagement by objectivesProductivity Measurement and Evaluation System
49. 4. RESULTS ApproachManagement by ObjectivesPopular in both private and public organizationsTop management team first defines the companyâs strategic goalsGoals are passed on to the next layer of managementGoal setting process cascades downThese goals are used as the standards by which an individualâs performance is evaluated
50. 4. RESULTS ApproachManagement by ObjectivesComponents of the GoalSpecificDifficultObjectiveTable 8.8 p 367
51. 4. RESULTS ApproachManagement by ObjectivesEffectivenessUsually increases productivityProductivity gains tend to be highest when top management is committedEffectively links individualâs performance with firmâs strategyFirm â Department â Individual - Rewards
52. 4. RESULTS ApproachProductivity Measurement and Evaluation System (ProMES)GoalMotivate employees to higher levels of productivityMeasure and feedback productivity information to personnel
53. 4. RESULTS ApproachProductivity Measurement and Evaluation System (ProMES)STEPSIdentify what (product) the organization expects to accomplishStaff defines indicators of the productStaff establishes the contingencies between the amount of indicators and the level of evaluation associated with that amountFeedback
54. 4. RESULTS ApproachEVALUATIONAdvantagesMinimizes subjectivityRelies on Objective, quantifiable Indicators of performanceHighly acceptable Managers and employeesLinks individualâs results with the organizationâs strategies and goals
55. 4. RESULTS ApproachEVALUATIONWeaknessesContaminatedAffected by things beyond the employeeâs control (ex. economic recession)DeficientNot all aspects of the job are amenable to objective measurementMay focus only on aspects of their performance that are measurableFeedback lacks behavioral aspect
57. 5. QUALITY ApproachExpectationsEmphasize an assessment of both person and systemEmphasize that managers and employees work together to solve performance problemsInvolve both internal and external customers in setting standards and measuring performanceUse multiple sources to evaluate person and system factors
58. 5. QUALITY ApproachTechniquesProcess flow analysisIdentify cause of delay/redundancy in the processCause and Effect diagramIdentify cause/event that result in undesirable outcomesPareto ChartHighlight most important cause of a problemControl ChartsCollecting data at multiple points in timeHistogramScattergrams
59. 5. QUALITY ApproachEVALUATIONRelies primarily on combination of attributes and results approachesAdopts a system-oriented focus rather than individual employee performanceWeaknessMany companies are unwilling to abandon their traditional performance management
61. V.Most effective approach to Performance management for a given situationVI.Advantages & Disadvantages of the different sources of performance informationVII.Most effective source/s for performance information in any situation
62. VII.Most effective source/s for performance information in any situation1. Managers2. Peers3. Subordinates4. Self5. Customers
69. should not entirely rely from MANAGERSSources of Performance Information2. PeersCo-workersExpert knowledege of job requirementObserve employee daily!Bring a different perspective in the evaluation process - provide extremely valid assessment of performanceUseful esp if supervisor does not always observe employee (eg.law enforcement)
70. Sources of Performance Information2. PeersPROBLEMS:Bias due to friendship â although no empirical basisBeing both a rater & a ratee is uncomfortable esp if administrative decisions are evaluated
72. Sources of Performance Information3. SubordinatesPROBLEMS:Manager evaluation give power to subordinates
73. Sources of Performance Information4. SelfNot often usedObserve own behavior â employees are given responsibility to contribute to corporate decisionsUseful if used as a prelude to a performance feedback session
75. Sources of Performance Information5. CustomersOften the only best person to observe employee performanceBEST source of informationCustomer evaluation sheetRandom mail surveysTelephone surveyUSEFULWhen employee gives Direct service to the customerWhen company needs info on what the customer wants
76. Sources of Performance Information5. Customers PROBLEMExpensePrintingPostageTelephonelabor
78. 74Rater Errors in Performance MeasurementWhat are the types of Rating Errors?Preventive Measures?What is Appraisal Politics?
79. 1. SIMILAR to ME !-â I am effective, so if you are like me? You must be tooâ What are the types of Rating Errors?
80. What are the types of Rating Errors?2. CONTRAST Errorwhen we compare individuals with oneanother instead of an objective standardWhat are the types of Rating Errors?3. Distributional Errors-are the result of a raterâs tendency to use only one part of the rating scale -Leniency -Strictness -Central Tendency
81. What are the types of Rating Errors?HALO and HORNS- these errors refer to a failure to distinguish among different aspects of performance- either all positive or all negative ratings- cant make the necessary distinctions between strong and weak performance
82. PREVENTIVE MEASURESRater Error Training-make managers aware of rating errors and how to minimize it.Rater Accuracy Training- frame of reference training-emphasizes the multidimensional nature of performance-familiarizes raters with various performance dimensions.
84. APPRAISAL POLITICSAppraisal Politics occur because;- raters are accountable to the employee being rated. - there are competing rating goals. - a direct link between bet performance appraisal and desirable awards. - top executives tolerate âdistortionâ - âdistortionâ is part of company folklore
86. PERFORMANCE FEEDBACKRecommendations;- Feedback Frequently > 1/year- Create the Right Context for Discussion- Ask the Employee to Rate Himself First- Encourage the Subordinate to Participate in the SessionRecognize Effective Performance through Praise
87. PERFORMANCE FEEDBACKRecommendations-Focus on Solving Problems.- Focus Feedback on Behaviour or Results, Not on the Person.- Minimize Criticisms- Agree to Specific Goals and Set a Date to Review Progress
95. OBJECTIVESIdentify major determinants of individual performanceDiscuss the three general purposes of performance managementIdentify the five criteria for effective performance management systemDiscuss the four approaches to performance management, specific techniques used in each approach, & the way these approaches compare with criteria for effective performance management system
96. OBJECTIVESChoose the most effective approach to performance measurement for a given situationDiscuss the advantages & disadvantages of the different sources of performance informationChoose the most effective source/s for performance information for any situationDistinguish types of errors & explain how to minimize each in a performance evaluationIdentify the cause of a performance problem
97. 18 September 2010Ateneo de Manila University Graduate School of BusinessMBAH Batch 8PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENTandalaranzamendezuntalanvillarin