This document summarizes an article about intrusion detection systems (IDS) for secure mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It discusses the distributed and cooperative architecture of IDS for MANETs, where each node runs an IDS agent to detect intrusions locally and cooperate with other nodes. It describes several IDS approaches for MANETs including the Watchdog technique to detect misbehaving nodes, the Pathrater technique to find routes without those nodes, and the CORE technique which uses a collaborative reputation system. The document concludes that considering these IDS techniques can help make MANETs more secure.
EFFICIENT DETECTION OF SYBIL ATTACK BASED ON CRYPTOGRAPHY IN VANET
Vehicular communications play a substantial role in providing safety transportation by means of safety message exchange. Researchers have proposed several solutions for securing safety messages. Protocols based on a fixed key infrastructure are more efficient in implementation and maintain stronger security in comparison with dynamic structures. The purpose of this paper present a method based on a fixed key infrastructure for detection impersonation attack, in other words, Sybil attack, in the vehicular ad hoc network. This attack, puts a great impact on performance of the network. The proposed method, using an cryptography mechanism to detection Sybil attack. Finally, using Mat lab simulator the results of this approach are reviewed, This method it has low delay for detection Sybil attack, because most operations are done in Certification Authority, so this proposed schema is a efficient method for detection Sybil attack.
Co-operative Wireless Intrusion Detection System Using MIBs From SNMP
In emerging technology of Internet, security issues are becoming more challenging. In case of wired LAN it is somewhat in control, but in case of wireless networks due to exponential growth in attacks, it has made difficult to detect such security loopholes. Wireless network security is being addressed using firewalls, encryption techniques and wired IDS (Intrusion Detection System) methods. But the approaches which were used in wired network were not successful in producing effective results for wireless networks. It is so because of features of wireless network such as open medium, dynamic changing topology, cooperative algorithms, lack of centralized monitoring and management point, and lack of a clear line of defense etc. So, there is need for new approach which will efficiently detect intrusion in wireless network. Efficiency can be achieved by implementing distributive, co-operative based, multi-agent IDS. The proposed system supports all these three features. It includes mobile agents for intrusion detection which uses SNMP (Simple network Management Protocol) and MIB (Management Information Base) variables for mobile wireless networks.
This document proposes a trust count based validation method to lessen internal attacks in mobile ad hoc networks. The key aspects of the proposed method are:
1. The network is divided into hierarchical clusters, each with a fully trusted cluster head.
2. Each node holds a certificate from an offline certificate authority that includes the node's access policy and expiration time.
3. A trust count is periodically calculated for each node based on its access policy evaluations.
4. Cluster heads renew or reject member nodes' certificates based on their trust count values, aiming to mitigate internal attacks like node capture attacks.
A novel approach for a secured intrusion detection system in maneteSAT Publishing House
This document proposes a novel intrusion detection system (IDS) for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) that promotes complete unlinkability and conceals packet contents to add privacy preservation. The proposed scheme uses a combination of group IDs and digital signatures for encrypted route discovery. This allows malicious nodes to be detected during route discovery and avoided for data transmission. Compared to existing approaches, the proposed scheme has lower end-to-end delay and improved packet delivery ratio.
Analyze and Detect Packet Loss for Data Transmission in WSNIJERA Editor
An emerging technology is Wireless Sensor Network where sensors are deployed at extreme geographical
locations where human intervention is not possible. The data transferred through the sensor nodes are majorly
used in crucial decision making process. Since WSN is a wireless infrastructure it tempts the attackers to
tamper/misuse the data. Privacy-preserving routing is important for some ad hoc networks that require stronger
privacy protection. Hence a routing protocol to achieve total unobservability by anonymous key establishment
using secret session keys and group signature is used. The unobservable routing protocol is divided into two
main phases. First phases define an anonymous key establishment process to construct secret session keys.
Second phase consist of unobservable route discovery process to find appropriate as well as secure route to the
destination. A node establishes a key with its direct neighbour and uses the same key to encrypt the packet
before transferring.
A technical review and comparative analysis of machine learning techniques fo...IJECEIAES
Machine learning techniques are being widely used to develop an intrusion detection system (IDS) for detecting and classifying cyber attacks at the network-level and the host-level in a timely and automatic manner. However, Traditional Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS), based on traditional machine learning methods, lacks reliability and accuracy. Instead of the traditional machine learning used in previous researches, we think deep learning has the potential to perform better in extracting features of massive data considering the massive cyber traffic in real life. Generally Mobile Ad Hoc Networks have given the low physical security for mobile devices, because of the properties such as node mobility, lack of centralized management and limited bandwidth. To tackle these security issues, traditional cryptography schemes can-not completely safeguard MANETs in terms of novel threats and vulnerabilities, thus by applying Deep learning methods techniques in IDS are capable of adapting the dynamic environments of MANETs and enables the system to make decisions on intrusion while continuing to learn about their mobile environment. An IDS in MANET is a sensoring mechanism that monitors nodes and network activities in order to detect malicious actions and malicious attempt performed by Intruders. Recently, multiple deep learning approaches have been proposed to enhance the performance of intrusion detection system. In this paper, we made a systematic comparison of three models, Inceprtion architecture convolutional neural network (Inception-CNN), Bidirectional long short-term memory (BLSTM) and deep belief network (DBN) on the deep learning-based intrusion detection systems, using the NSL-KDD dataset containing information about intrusion and regular network connections, the goal is to provide basic guidance on the choice of deep learning models in MANET.
EFFICIENT DETECTION OF SYBIL ATTACK BASED ON CRYPTOGRAPHY IN VANETIJNSA Journal
Vehicular communications play a substantial role in providing safety transportation by means of safety message exchange. Researchers have proposed several solutions for securing safety messages. Protocols based on a fixed key infrastructure are more efficient in implementation and maintain stronger security in comparison with dynamic structures. The purpose of this paper present a method based on a fixed key infrastructure for detection impersonation attack, in other words, Sybil attack, in the vehicular ad hoc network. This attack, puts a great impact on performance of the network. The proposed method, using an cryptography mechanism to detection Sybil attack. Finally, using Mat lab simulator the results of this approach are reviewed, This method it has low delay for detection Sybil attack, because most operations are done in Certification Authority, so this proposed schema is a efficient method for detection Sybil attack.
Co-operative Wireless Intrusion Detection System Using MIBs From SNMPIJNSA Journal
In emerging technology of Internet, security issues are becoming more challenging. In case of wired LAN it is somewhat in control, but in case of wireless networks due to exponential growth in attacks, it has made difficult to detect such security loopholes. Wireless network security is being addressed using firewalls, encryption techniques and wired IDS (Intrusion Detection System) methods. But the approaches which were used in wired network were not successful in producing effective results for wireless networks. It is so because of features of wireless network such as open medium, dynamic changing topology, cooperative algorithms, lack of centralized monitoring and management point, and lack of a clear line of defense etc. So, there is need for new approach which will efficiently detect intrusion in wireless network. Efficiency can be achieved by implementing distributive, co-operative based, multi-agent IDS. The proposed system supports all these three features. It includes mobile agents for intrusion detection which uses SNMP (Simple network Management Protocol) and MIB (Management Information Base) variables for mobile wireless networks.
This document proposes a trust count based validation method to lessen internal attacks in mobile ad hoc networks. The key aspects of the proposed method are:
1. The network is divided into hierarchical clusters, each with a fully trusted cluster head.
2. Each node holds a certificate from an offline certificate authority that includes the node's access policy and expiration time.
3. A trust count is periodically calculated for each node based on its access policy evaluations.
4. Cluster heads renew or reject member nodes' certificates based on their trust count values, aiming to mitigate internal attacks like node capture attacks.
Investigation of detection & prevention sinkhole attack in manetijctet
This document discusses sinkhole attacks in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) and wireless sensor networks (WSNs). It provides background on sinkhole attacks, where a compromised node advertises a high quality route to attract network traffic. This can disrupt data transmission to the base station. The document reviews several existing detection techniques for sinkhole attacks, including algorithms using hop counting and mobile agents. It then proposes a new lightweight algorithm to detect sinkhole attacks in MANETs using network flow information collected by the base station and analysis of routing patterns to identify the intruder. The algorithm aims to provide secure and efficient sinkhole detection with low overhead.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) is a leading international journal for publication of new ideas, the state of the art research results and fundamental advances in all aspects of Engineering and Science. IRJES is a open access, peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to provide the academic community and industry for the submission of half of original research and applications
TRUST FACTOR AND FUZZY-FIREFLY INTEGRATED PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION BASED I...IJCNCJournal
Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET) is one of the rapidly emanating technologies, which has gained attention in a wide range of applications in the fields of military, private sectors, commercials and natural calamities. Securing MANET is a dominant responsibility, and hence, a trust factor and fuzzy based intrusion detection and prevention system is proposed for routing in this paper. Based on the trust values of the nodes, the fuzzy system identifies the intruder, such that the path generated in the MANET is secured. Moreover, an optimization algorithm, entitled Fuzzy integrated Particle Swarm Optimization (FuzzyFPSO), is proposed by the concatenation of the Firefly Algorithm (FA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for the optimal path selection in order to provide secure routing. The simulation of the proposed methodology is NS2 simulator and analysis is carried out considering four cases, like without attack, flooding attacks, black hole attack and selective packet drop attack concerning throughput, delay and detection rate. The remarkable evaluation measures of the proposed Fuzzy-FPSO are the maximal throughput of 0.634, minimal delay of 0.044 , maximal detection rate of 0.697 and minimal routing overhead of 0.24550 And the evaluation measure for the case without any attacks are the maximal throughput of 0.762, minimal delay of 0.029 ,maximal detection rate of 0.805 and minimal routing overhead of 0.11511.
A Secure Intrusion Detection System against DDOS Attack in Wireless Ad-Hoc Ne...IJERA Editor
MANET (Wireless Mobile Ad-hoc Network) is a technology which are used in society in daily life an
activities such as in traffic surveillance, in building construction or it’s application is used in battlefield also. In
MANET there is no control of any node here is no centralized controller that’s why each node has its own
routing capability. And each node act as device and its change its connection to other devices.
The main problem of today’s MANET is a security, because there is no any centralized controller. Our main aim
is that we protect them from DDOS attack in terms of flooding through messages, packet drop, end to end delay
and energy dropping etc. For that we are applying many techniques for saving energy of nodes and identifying
malicious node and types of DDOS attack and in this paper we are discussing this technique.
Intrusion Detection against DDoS Attack in WiMAX Network by Artificial Immune...Editor IJCATR
IEEE 802.16, known as WiMax, is at the top of communication technology because it is gaining a great position in the wireless networks. In this paper, an intrusion detection system for DDOS attacks diagnosis is proposed, inspired by artificial immune system. Since the detection unit on all subscriber stations in the network is WIMAX, proposed system is a fully distributed system. A risk theory is used for antigens detection in attack time. The proposed system decreases the attack effects and increases network performance. Results of simulation show that the proposed system improves negative selection time, detection Precision, and ability to identify new attacks compared to the similar algorithm.
An ids scheme against black hole attack to secure aomdv routing in manet pijans
In Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) all the nodes are freely moves in the absence of without ant
centralized coordination system. Due to that the attackers or malicious nodes are easily affected that kind
of network and responsible for the routing misbehavior. The routing is network is mandatory to deliver
data in between source and destination. In this research we work on security field in MANET and proposed
a novel security scheme against routing misbehavior through Black hole attack. The Ad hoc On demand
Multipath Routing (AOMDV) protocol is consider for routing and also to improves the routing quality as
compare to single path routing protocol. The attacker is affected all the possible paths that is selected by
sender for sending data in network. The malicious nodes are forward optimistic reply at the time of routing
by that their identification is also a complex procedure. The proposed Intrusion Detection System (IDS)
scheme is identified the attacker information through hop count mechanism. The routing information of
actual data is reached to which intermediate node and the next hop information is exist at that node is
confirm by IDS scheme. The black hole attacker node Identification (ID) is forward in network by that in
future attacker is not participating in routing procedure. The proposed security scheme detects and
provides the deterrence against routing misbehavior through malicious attack. Here we compare the
routing performance of AOMDV, Attack and IDS scheme. The performance of normal multipath routing
and proposed IDS scheme is almost equal. The attacker has degrades the whole routing performance but
observed that in presence of attacker, routing misbehavior is completely block by the proposed IDS scheme
and recovers 95 % of data as compare to normal routing.
This document discusses security threats and attacks in wireless ad hoc networks. It begins by introducing ad hoc networks and some of the challenges in providing security in these networks due to their dynamic nature and lack of centralized authority. It then categorizes attacks as either passive or active, with passive attacks including eavesdropping and traffic analysis, and active attacks including masquerading, replay attacks, message modification, and denial-of-service attacks. The document reviews several security requirements and proposes hashing techniques as a potential solution to help secure routing protocols against various attacks. Specifically, it suggests using hash functions and hash chains to authenticate routing information and detect unauthorized modifications. The goal is to develop an efficient security approach that addresses issues like authentication, integrity
Wireless Sensor Network: Internet Model Layer Based Security Attacks and thei...IRJET Journal
The document discusses security attacks on wireless sensor networks, describing various types of attacks like jamming, impersonation, replay attacks, and denial of service attacks that can occur at different layers of the network. It analyzes key security objectives for wireless sensor networks like availability, authentication, integrity, and confidentiality. The document also outlines the architecture of wireless sensor networks, including the five layers of the OSI model and three cross-layer planes, and components of sensor nodes.
Securing WSN communication using Enhanced Adaptive Acknowledgement ProtocolIJMTST Journal
This document summarizes an enhanced adaptive acknowledgement protocol for securing wireless sensor network communication. It begins by describing security challenges in WSNs like the wireless medium, hostile environments, and resource constraints. It then discusses common security attacks like black hole and grey hole attacks. Existing acknowledgement schemes like Watchdog, TWOACK, and AACK are explained along with their limitations in detecting such attacks. The document proposes an Enhanced Adaptive Acknowledgement (EAACK) scheme that uses ACK, Secure ACK, and Misbehavior Report Authentication to better detect attacks while reducing overhead. EAACK aims to securely detect black hole, grey hole, and false misbehavior reporting in wireless sensor networks.
Mitigation of Colluding Selective Forwarding Attack in WMNs using FADEIJTET Journal
ABSTRACT - Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) have emerged as a promising technology because of their wide range of
applications. Wireless mesh networks wireless mesh networks (WMNs) are dynamically self – organizing, self –
configuring, self – healing with nodes in the network automatically establishing an adHoc network and maintaining mesh
connectivity. Because of their fast connectivity wireless mesh networks (WMNs) is widely used in military applications.
Security is the major constrain in wireless mesh networks (WMNs). This paper considers a special type of DoS attack
called selective forwarding attack or greyhole attack. With such an attack, a misbehaving mesh router just forwards few
packets it receives but drops sensitive data packets. To mitigate the effect of such attack an approach called FADE :
Forward Assessment based Detection is adopted. FADE scheme detects the presence of attack inside the network by
means of two-hop acknowledgment based monitoring and forward assessment based detection. FADE operates in three
phases and analyzed by determining optimal threshold values. This approach is found to provide effective defense against
the collaborative internal attackers in WMNs.
IRJET- Detection and Localization of IDS Spoofing Attack in Wireless Sensor N...IRJET Journal
This document proposes using intrusion detection systems and k-means clustering to detect and localize spoofing attacks in wireless sensor networks used in vehicular networks (VANETs). VANETs have characteristics like highly dynamic topology and frequent link changes that make performance monitoring difficult. The proposed approach uses cluster heads acting as IDS to monitor packet transmissions within clusters and detect misbehaving nodes. When an attacker is detected, an alarm is passed to the source node to eliminate the attacker. Simulation results show the method can efficiently and robustly detect and locate spoofing attackers in VANET wireless sensor networks.
This document summarizes a research paper on a Secure Adaptive Distributed Topology Control Algorithm (SADTCA) for mobile ad hoc networks. The SADTCA aims to organize nodes into clusters, distribute keys, and dynamically determine quarantine regions to mitigate spam attacks. It operates in four phases: 1) detecting malicious nodes, 2) forming clusters headed by cluster leaders, 3) distributing keys to secure communication, and 4) renewing keys periodically. The SADTCA analyzes energy consumption and communication overhead. It also introduces the Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm to generate highly secure keys with small sizes for authentication. Simulation results show the approach effectively defends against spam attacks while remaining feasible and cost-effective for mobile
This document summarizes and evaluates techniques for identifying adversary attacks in wireless sensor networks. It begins by describing common types of attacks and issues with cryptographic identification methods. It then evaluates existing localization techniques like Received Signal Strength (RSS) and spatial correlation analysis. Specifically, it proposes the Generalized Model for Attack Detection (GMFAD) which uses Partitioning Around Medoids (PaM) clustering on RSS readings to detect multiple attackers. It also presents the Coherent Detection and Localization Model (CDAL-M) which integrates PaM with localization algorithms like RADAR and Bayesian networks to determine attacker locations. The document analyzes these techniques' effectiveness at detecting and localizing multiple adversary attackers in wireless sensor networks.
This document summarizes a research paper that classifies different types of networks and discusses their associated security issues. It categorizes networks based on size (LAN, MAN, WAN), design (peer-to-peer, client-server, standalone), layering (layered, non-layered), and provides examples such as Ethernet, Wi-Fi, VPNs. It also discusses common security threats for different network types like viruses, denial of service attacks, and evaluates security measures including encryption, firewalls, access control. The paper aims to provide a comprehensive classification of networks and analyze how security needs vary depending on the network and software development stages.
This document summarizes an article from the International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology about enhancing power-aware hybrid intrusion detection architecture in an ad-hoc network using mobile agents. It discusses designing and implementing an energy-efficient anomaly-based cooperative intrusion detection system that applies mobile agent technology to minimize network load, conserve bandwidth, and improve reactivity. It also aims to minimize energy consumption of monitoring nodes using the Back-Propagation algorithm. The paper then presents a new approach to intrusion detection system architecture in ad-hoc networks using mobile agents to determine which network events need monitoring and where.
Wireless ad hoc networks are autonomous nodes that communicate with each other in a
decentralized manner through multi hop radio network. Wireless nodes form a dynamic network
topology and communicate with each other directly without wireless access point. Wireless networks
are particularly vulnerable to intrusions, as they operate in open medium, and use cooperative
strategies for network communication.
A New Approach for Improving Performance of Intrusion Detection System over M...IOSR Journals
This document discusses improving the performance of intrusion detection systems (IDS) in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It proposes using an inverted table approach to track communication information and identify attacker nodes through data mining. The key approaches are:
1. Maintaining an inverted table to record network communication information for analysis.
2. Using data mining techniques like anomaly detection to identify attacker nodes based on patterns in the table.
3. Discovering preventative paths that avoid identified attacker nodes to improve network throughput and reduce data loss.
The approaches aim to improve IDS performance challenged by attacks that slow detection in MANETs. The work will be implemented in NS2 and evaluate performance based on throughput and
An intrusion detection system for detecting malicious nodes in manet using tr...ijctet
This document summarizes an intrusion detection system called EAACK that detects malicious nodes in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It begins by providing background on MANETs and challenges related to their decentralized structure and dynamic topology. It then discusses common attacks on MANETs like packet dropping, and the need for intrusion detection systems to increase network security. Existing IDS methods are outlined along with their limitations. The document proposes a new IDS called EAACK that aims to more accurately detect malicious behaviors without impacting network performance. Key concepts of trust values and monitoring nodes are incorporated into EAACK to reduce false detections.
Wireless sensor networks are made up of number of tiny mobile nodes, which
have the capability of computation, sensing and wireless network communication. The
energy efficiency of each node in such kind of networks is one of the important issues under
consideration. Thus for these networks, sensor nodes life time is basically depends on use of
routing protocols for routing operations in WSN. There are various routing protocols
proposed by different researchers, which are considered as efficient on the basis of
performance of network lifetime and energy scavenging. There are different routing
protocols introduced for WSN such as flat routing protocols, clustering routing protocols,
hierarchical routing protocols etc. On the other hand, there are basically two types of
WSNs, homogeneous and heterogeneous sensor networks. As WSN is vulnerable to different
types of security threats, there are many security methods presented with their own
advantages and disadvantages. Most of security methods are applied only on homogeneous
WSN, but recently some methods were presented to provide the routing security in
heterogeneous WSNs as well. In this paper, the different security threats and Intrusions in
WSNs are presented, with review of different security methods.
This document summarizes research on injecting black hole and wormhole attacks in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It provides background on MANETs and discusses their vulnerabilities to security attacks due to open wireless medium and dynamic topology. The document then describes how the researchers implemented black hole and wormhole attacks against the Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol using the NS-2 network simulator. The simulation results showed that both attacks decreased network performance by reducing throughput and increasing packet loss. The research highlighted security as an ongoing challenge for MANET routing protocols.
This document summarizes research on injecting black hole and wormhole attacks in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It provides background on MANETs and discusses their vulnerabilities to security attacks due to open wireless medium and dynamic topology. The document then describes how the researchers implemented black hole and wormhole attacks against the Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol using the NS-2 network simulator. The simulation results showed that both attacks reduced network performance by decreasing throughput and increasing packet loss over time compared to a normal network without attacks.
HIERARCHICAL DESIGN BASED INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEM FOR WIRELESS AD HOC SENS...IJNSA Journal
In recent years, wireless ad hoc sensor network becomes popular both in civil and military jobs. However, security is one of the significant challenges for sensor network because of their deployment in open and unprotected environment. As cryptographic mechanism is not enough to protect sensor network from external attacks, intrusion detection system needs to be introduced. Though intrusion prevention mechanism is one of the major and efficient methods against attacks, but there might be some attacks for which prevention method is not known. Besides preventing the system from some known attacks, intrusion detection system gather necessary information related to attack technique and help in the development of intrusion prevention system. In addition to reviewing the present attacks available in wireless sensor network this paper examines the current efforts to intrusion detection
system against wireless sensor network. In this paper we propose a hierarchical architectural design based intrusion detection system that fits the current demands and restrictions of wireless ad hoc sensor network. In this proposed intrusion detection system architecture we followed clustering mechanism to build a four level hierarchical network which enhances network scalability to large geographical area and use both anomaly and misuse detection techniques for intrusion detection. We introduce policy based detection mechanism as well as intrusion response together with GSM cell concept for intrusion detection architecture.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The document summarizes a study on the Enhanced Adaptive Acknowledge (EAACK) scheme for detecting misbehaving nodes in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It discusses the limitations of existing acknowledgment-based intrusion detection systems like Watchdog, TWOACK, and AACK in handling receiver collisions. The key issues related to acknowledgment-based schemes for detecting misbehavior in MANETs are addressed. The focus is on analyzing the limitations of acknowledgment approaches like AACK and studying EAACK as an improved approach for addressing receiver collisions in MANETs.
An Enhanced Approach to Avoid Black hole Attack in Mobile Ad hoc Networks usi...ijsrd.com
A mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is very receptive to security attacks due to its open medium, dynamically changing network topology, lack of centralized monitoring. These vulnerabilities are nature of MANET structure that cannot be removed. As a consequence, attacks with malicious intent have been and will be devised to exploit these vulnerabilities and to cripple MANET operations. One of the well known attack on the MANET is the Black Hole attack which is most common in the ondemand routing protocols such as AODV. A black hole attack refers to an attack by a malicious node, which forcibly gains the route from a source to a destination by the falsification of sequence number and hop count of the routing message. This paper represents an enhanced AOMDV routing protocol for avoiding black hole attack in MANET. This routing protocol uses Ad hoc On-demand Multipath Distance Vector (AOMDV) to form link disjoint multi-path during path discovery to provide better path selection in order to avoid malicious nodes in the path using legitimacy table maintained by each node in the network. Nonmalicious nodes steadily isolate the black hole nodes based on the values collected in their legitimacy table and avoid them while making path between source and destination. The effectiveness of our approach is illustrated by simulations conducted using network simulator ns-2.34.
A Modular Approach To Intrusion Detection in Homogenous Wireless NetworkIOSR Journals
This document discusses a modular approach to intrusion detection in homogeneous wireless networks. It begins by introducing wireless networks and the need for intrusion detection systems (IDS) due to security vulnerabilities. It then discusses different types of IDS, including signature-based detection that identifies known attacks, and anomaly-based detection that identifies deviations from normal behavior but can result in high false positives. The document proposes a modular approach combining advantages of signature-based and anomaly-based detection for high detection rates and low false positives. Requirements for IDS in wireless networks are also outlined.
IMPACT ANALYSIS OF BLACK HOLE ATTACKS ON MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS PERFORMANCEijgca
A Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of mobile stations with wireless interfaces which form a temporary network without using any central administration. MANETs are more vulnerable to attacks because
they have some specific characteristics as complexity of wireless communication and lack of infrastructure. Hence security is an important requirement in mobile ad hoc networks. One of the attacks against network integrity
in MANETs is the Black Hole Attack. In this type of attack all data packets are absorbed by malicious node, hence data loss occurs. In this paper we investigated the impacts of Black Hole attacks on the network
performance. We have simulated black hole attacks using Network Simulator 2 (NS-2) and have measured the packet loss in the network without and with a black hole attacks. Also, we measured the packet loss when the
number of black hole attacks increases.
This document summarizes a study on the impact of black hole attacks on the performance of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). The study used the Network Simulator 2 (NS-2) to simulate black hole attacks in MANETs using the Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol. It was found that the packet delivery ratio decreased significantly when black hole attacks were introduced. Additionally, the packet delivery ratio decreased dramatically as the number of black hole nodes increased.
This document summarizes a study on the impact of black hole attacks on the performance of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). The study used the Network Simulator 2 (NS-2) to simulate black hole attacks on MANETs using the Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol. It found that the packet delivery ratio decreased significantly when black hole nodes were introduced that dropped packets instead of forwarding them as they should. Increasing the number of black hole nodes caused an even more dramatic decrease in the packet delivery ratio.
IMPACT ANALYSIS OF BLACK HOLE ATTACKS ON MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS PERFORMANCEijgca
A Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of mobile stations with wireless interfaces which form a temporary network without using any central administration. MANETs are more vulnerable to attacks because they have some specific characteristics as complexity of wireless communication and lack of infrastructure. Hence security is an important requirement in mobile ad hoc networks. One of the attacks against network integrity in MANETs is the Black Hole Attack. In this type of attack all data packets are absorbed by malicious node, hence data loss occurs. In this paper we investigated the impacts of Black Hole attacks on the network performance. We have simulated black hole attacks using Network Simulator 2 (NS-2) and have measured the packet loss in the network without and with a black hole attacks. Also, we measured the packet loss when the number of black hole attacks increases.
An intrusion detection mechanism for manets based on deep learning artificial...IJCNCJournal
Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is a distributed, decentralized network of wireless portable nodes connecting directly without any fixed communication base station or centralized administration. Nodes in MANET move continuously in random directions and follow an arbitrary manner, which presents numerous challenges to these networks and make them more susceptible to different security threats. Due to this decentralized nature of their overall architecture, combined with the limitation of hardware resources, those infrastructure-less networks are more susceptible to different security attacks such as black hole attack, network partition, node selfishness, and Denial of Service (DoS) attacks. This work aims to present, investigate, and design an intrusion detection predictive technique for Mobile Ad hoc networks using deep learning artificial neural networks (ANNs). A simulation-based evaluation and a deep ANNs modelling for detecting and isolating a Denial of Service (DoS) attack are presented to improve the overall security level of Mobile ad hoc networks.
AN INTRUSION DETECTION MECHANISM FOR MANETS BASED ON DEEP LEARNING ARTIFICIAL...IJCNCJournal
Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is a distributed, decentralized network of wireless portable nodes
connecting directly without any fixed communication base station or centralized administration. Nodes in
MANET move continuously in random directions and follow an arbitrary manner, which presents
numerous challenges to these networks and make them more susceptible to different security threats. Due
to this decentralized nature of their overall architecture, combined with the limitation of hardware
resources, those infrastructure-less networks are more susceptible to different security attacks such as
black hole attack, network partition, node selfishness, and Denial of Service (DoS) attacks. This work aims
to present, investigate, and design an intrusion detection predictive technique for Mobile Ad hoc networks
using deep learning artificial neural networks (ANNs). A simulation-based evaluation and a deep ANNs
modelling for detecting and isolating a Denial of Service (DoS) attack are presented to improve the overall
security level of Mobile ad hoc networks.
This document discusses security issues and attacks in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It provides an introduction to MANETs and their characteristics. It outlines the general objectives of analyzing flooding attacks on MANETs and preventing such attacks for networks with high node mobility. It describes common attacks on MANETs such as flooding attacks, blackhole attacks, wormhole attacks, and Byzantine attacks. The document also discusses security mechanisms for MANETs including preventive cryptography-based approaches and reactive intrusion detection system approaches. It stresses the need for comprehensive security solutions to deal with the diverse attacks that are facilitated by the open and dynamic nature of MANETs.
Survey on Host and Network Based Intrusion Detection SystemEswar Publications
With invent of new technologies and devices, Intrusion has become an area of concern because of security issues, in the ever growing area of cyber-attack. An intrusion detection system (IDS) is defined as a device or software application which monitors system or network activities for malicious activities or policy violations. It produces reports to a management station [1]. In this paper we are mainly focused on different IDS concepts based on Host and Network systems.
Now a day the technology is improving day by day. The wired network has been changed to wireless network. There are many advantages of wireless network over wired network. One of the main advantage is we can walk around freely in a network area and accesses internet. Security is one of the challenging issues. Intrusion Detection System is one of the systematic ways to detect malicious node in a mobile ad hoc network MANET and it is driven by battery power. This paper gives a survey on various intrusion detection systems in MANET. Praveen Mourya | Prof. Avinash Sharma ""Review on Intrusion Detection in MANETs"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29970.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/29970/review-on-intrusion-detection-in-manets/praveen-mourya
1. International Journal Of Computational Engineering Research (ijceronline.com) Vol. 2 Issue. 6
Intrusion Detection System (IDS) for Secure MANETs: A Study
1
Vinay P.Virada
Department of Computer Engineering
L.D.R.P Institute of Technology and Research, Gandhinagar
Abstract:
Flooding-based route discovery is usually preferred in MANETs in order to set up the route with reliability between
transmission pair. However, this approach may cause a serious contention in information transfer between adjacent nodes
and a considerable amount of control packets. The transfer of information between nodes is made secured by Intrusion
detection system (IDS). The architecture of IDS is discussed in the manuscript to achieve the reliable and confidential
transmission over MANET which follows some techniques such as Watch Dog, Confident, and CORE.
Keywords- Cryptographic attacks in MANET, IDS, architecture of IDS, Watch Dog, CORE.
1. Introduction
In a mobile ad hoc network (MANET), a collection of mobile hosts with wireless network interfaces form a
temporary network without the aid of any fixed infrastructure or centralized administration. A MANET is referred to as an
infrastructure less network because the mobile nodes in the network dynamically set up paths among themselves to transmit
packets temporarily. In other words a MANET is a self-configuring network that is formed automatically by a collection of
mobile nodes without the help of a fixed infrastructure or centralized management. Each node is equipped with a wireless
transmitter and receiver, which allow it to communicate with other nodes in its radio communication range. In order for a
node to forward a packet to a node that is out of its radio range, the cooperation of other nodes in the network is needed, this
is known as multi-hop communication. Therefore, each node must act as both a host and a router at the same time. The
network topology frequently changes due to the mobility of mobile nodes as they move within, move into, or move out of
the network. In a MANET, nodes within each other‟ s wireless transmission ranges can communicate directly; however,
nodes outside each other‟ s range have to rely on some other nodes to relay messages. Thus, a multi-hop scenario occurs,
where several intermediate hosts relay the packets sent by the source host before they reach the destination host. Every node
functions as a router. The success of communication highly depends on other nodes‟ cooperation.
2. Various Types Of Attacks In Adhoc Networks
There are also attacks that target some particular routing protocols, such as DSR, or AODV. Currently routing security is
one of the hottest research areas in MANET. Attacks can also be classified according to network protocol stacks. Table 1
shows an example of a classification of security attacks based on protocol stack, some attacks could be launched at multiple
layers.
Table I. Classification Of Seurity Attacks
Layer Attacks
Application layer Repudiation, data corruption
Transport layer Session hijacking, SYN flooding
Network layer Wormhole, Black hole, Byzantine, flooding, location disclosure attacks
Data link layer Traffic analysis, monitoring, disruption MAC (802.11), WEP weakness
Physical layer Jamming, interceptions, eavesdropping
Multi-layer attacks DOS, impersonation, replay, man-in-the-middle
3. Intrusion Detection System (Ids) Architecture
Because MANET has features such as an open medium, dynamic changing topology, and the lack of a centralized
monitoring and management point, many of the intrusion detection techniques developed for a fixed wired network are not
applicable in MANET. Zhang [2] gives a specific design of intrusion detection and response mechanisms for MANET.
Marti [5] proposes two mechanisms: watchdog and path rater, which improve throughput in MANET in the presence of
nodes that agree to forward packets but fail to do so. In MANET, cooperation is very important to support the basic
functions of the network so the token-based mechanism, the credit-based mechanism, and the reputation-based mechanism
were developed to enforce cooperation. Each mechanism is discussed in this paper.
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The MANETs can be configured to either of two network infrastructures (i) flat or (ii) multi-layer,
depending on the applications. Therefore, the optimal IDS architecture for a MANET may depend on the network
infrastructure itself [10]. In a flat network infrastructure, all nodes are considered equal, thus it may be suitable for
applications such as virtual classrooms or conferences. On the contrary, some nodes are considered different in the multi-
layered network infrastructure. Nodes may be partitioned into clusters with one cluster head for each cluster. To
communicate within the cluster, nodes can communicate directly. However, communication across the clusters must be done
through the cluster head, yet a cluster head actually may not participate in routing. This infrastructure might be well suited
for military applications. In combat, military units cannot depend on fixed communication structures, since these are prone
to being destructed by the enemy‟ s army.
Distributed and Cooperative Intrusion Detection Systems:
Since the nature of MANETs is distributed and requires cooperation of other nodes, Zhang and Lee [2] have proposed
that the intrusion detection and response system in MANETs should also be both distributed and cooperative as shown in
Figure 3.1. Every node participates in intrusion detection and response by having an IDS agent running on them. An IDS
agent is responsible for detecting and collecting local events and data to identify possible intrusions, as well as initiating a
response independently.
Figure 1. Distributed and Cooperative IDS in MANETs
Hierarchical Intrusion Detection System:
Hierarchical IDS architectures extend the distributed and cooperative IDS architectures to multi-layered network
infrastructures where the network is divided into clusters. Cluster heads of each cluster usually have more functionality than
other members in the clusters, for example routing packets across clusters. Thus, these cluster heads, in some sense, act as
control points, which are similar to switches, routers, or gateways in wired networks. Each IDS agent is run on every member
node and is responsible locally for its node, i.e., monitoring and deciding on locally detected intrusions.
Sample Intrusion Detection Systems For Manets:
Since the IDS for traditional wired systems are not well suited to MANETs, many researchers have proposed several IDS
especially for MANETs, which some of them will be reviewed in this sect
Distributed and Cooperative IDS:
Zhang and Lee also proposed the model for distributed and cooperative IDS as shown in Figure . The model for an IDS
agent is structured into six modules. The local data collection module collects real-time audit data, which includes system
and user activities within its radio range. The local detection engine module for evidence of anomalies will analyze this
collected data. If an anomaly is detected with strong evidence, the IDS agent can determine independently that the system is
under attack and initiate a response through the local response module (i.e., alerting the local user) or the global response
module (i.e., deciding on an action), depending on the type of intrusion, the type of network protocols and applications, and
the certainty of the evidence. If an anomaly is detected with weak or inconclusive evidence, the IDS agent can request the
cooperation of neighboring IDS agents through a cooperative detection engine module, which communicates to other agents
through a secure communication module.
Figure 2. A Model for an IDS Agent
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4. Distributed Intrusion Detection System Using Multiple Sensors
Kachirski and Guha [5] proposed a multi-sensor intrusion detection system based on mobile agent technology. The
system can be divided into three main modules, each of which represents a mobile agent with certain functionality:
monitoring, decision- making or initiating a response. By separating functional tasks into categories and assigning each task
to a different agent, the workload is distributed which is suitable for the characteristics of MANETs. In addition, the
hierarchical structure of agents is also developed in this intrusion detection system as shown in Figure4.
Monitoring agent: Two functions are carried out at this class of agent: network monitoring and host monitoring. A
host-based monitor agent hosting system-level sensors and user-activity sensors is run on every node to monitor within the
node, while a monitor agent with a network monitoring sensor is run only on some selected nodes to monitor at packet-level
to capture packets going through the network within its radio ranges.
Figure 3. Layered Mobile Agent Architecture
Intrusion Detection Techniques for Node Cooperation In Manets: Since there is no infrastructure in mobile ad hoc
networks, each node must rely on other nodes for cooperation in routing and forwarding packets to the destination.
Intermediate nodes might agree to forward the packets but actually drop or modify them because they are misbehaving. The
simulations in [6] show that only a few misbehaving nodes can degrade the performance of the entire system. There are
several proposed techniques and protocols to detect such misbehavior in order to avoid those nodes, and some schemes also
propose punishment as well [7, 8].
5. WATCHDOG AND PATHRATER
Marti, Giuli, and Baker [6] proposed two techniques, Watchdog and Path rater, to be added on top of the standard
routing protocol in adhoc networks. Dynamic Source Routing protocol (DSR) is chosen for the discussion to explain the
concepts of Watchdog and Path rater. The watchdog method detects misbehaving nodes. The watchdog identifies the
misbehaving nodes by eavesdropping on the transmission of the next hop. A path rater then helps to find the routes that do
not contain those misbehaving nodes. In DSR, the routing information is defined at the source node. This routing
information is passed together with the message through intermediate nodes until it reaches the destination. Therefore, each
intermediate node in the path should know who the next hop node is. Figure: shows how the watchdog works.
Figure 4. Figure: How watchdog works: Although node B intends to transmit a packet to node „C‟, node „A‟ could
overhear this transmission.
Assume that node „S‟ wants to send a packet to node „D‟, and there exists a path from „S‟ to „D‟ through nodes „A‟, „B‟,
and
„C‟. Consider now that „A‟ has already received a packet from „S‟ destined to „D‟. The packet contains a message and
routing information. When „A‟ forwards this packet to „B‟, „A‟ also keeps a copy of the packet in its buffer. Then, „A‟
listens to the transmission of „B‟ to make sure that „B‟ forwards to „C‟. If the packet overheard from „B‟ (represented by a
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dashed line) matches that stored in the buffer, it means that „B‟ really forwards to the next hop (represented as a solid line).
It then removes the packet from the buffer. However, if there's no matched packet after a certain time, the watchdog
increments the failures counter for node
„B‟. If this counter exceeds the threshold, „A‟ concludes that „B‟ is misbehaving and reports to the source node „S‟. The
watchdog
is implemented by maintaining a buffer of recently sent packets and comparing each overheard packet with the packet in the
buffer to see if there is a match. If so, the packet in the buffer is removed and forgotten by the watchdog, since it has been
forwarded on. If a packet has remained in the buffer for longer than a certain timeout, the watchdog increments a failure
tally for the node responsible for forwarding on the packet. If the tally exceeds a certain threshold bandwidth, it determines
that the node is misbehaving and sends a message to the source notifying it of the misbehaving node. The watchdog
technique has advantages and weaknesses. DSR with the watchdog has the advantage that it can detect misbehavior at the
forwarding level and not just the link level. Watchdog's weaknesses are that it might not detect a misbehaving node in the
presence of
Ambiguous collisions,
Receiver collisions,
Limited transmission power,
False misbehavior,
Collusion, and
Partial dropping.
The ambiguous collision problem prevents „A‟ from overhearing transmissions from „B‟. A packet collision can
occur at „A‟ while it is listening for „B‟ to forward on a packet. „A‟ does not know if the collision was caused by „B‟
forwarding on a packet as it should or if „B‟ never forwarded the packet and the collision was caused by other nodes in A's
neighborhood. Because of this uncertainty, „A‟ should not immediately accuse „B‟ of misbehaving, but should instead
continue to watch „B‟ over a period of time. If „A‟ repeatedly fails to detect „B‟ forwarding on packets, then „A‟ can assume
that „B‟ is misbehaving.
Figure 5. Ambiguous collision, Node „A‟ does not hear „B‟ forward packet 1 to „C‟ because B's transmission collides at
„A‟ with packet 2 from the source „S‟.
Figure 6. Receiver collision, Node „A‟ believes that „B‟ has forwarded packet 1 on to „C‟, though „C‟ never received the
packet due to a collision with packet 2.
In the receiver collision problem, node „A‟ can only tell whether „B‟ sends the packet to „C‟, but it cannot tell if „C‟
receives it. If a collision occurs at „C‟ when „B‟ first forwards the packet, „A‟ only sees „B‟ forwarding the packet and
assumes that „C‟ successfully receives it. Thus, „B‟ could skip retransmitting the packet. „B‟ could also purposefully cause
the transmitted packet to collide at „C‟ by waiting until „C‟ is transmitting and then forwarding on the packet. In the first
case, a node could be selfish and not want to waste power with retransmissions. In the latter case, the only reason „B‟ would
have for taking the actions that it does is because it is malicious. „B‟ wastes battery power and CPU time, so it is not selfish.
An overloaded node would not engage in this behavior either, since it wastes badly needed CPU time and bandwidth. Thus,
this second case should be a rare occurrence.
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CORE (Collaborative Reputation): As nodes sometimes do not intentionally misbehave, i.e., battery condition is
low, these nodes should not be considered as misbehaving nodes and excluded from the network. To do this, the reputation
should be rated based on past reputation, which is zero (neutral) at the beginning. In addition, participation in the network
can be categorized into several functions such as routing discovery (in DSR) or forwarding packets. Each of these activities
has different level of effects to the network; for example, forwarding packets has more effect on the performance of the
system than that of routing discovery. Therefore, significance weight of functions should be used in the calculation of the
reputation.
The Watchdog mechanism: Every time a network entity (si,m, monitoring entity) needs to monitor the correct
execution of a function implemented in a neighboring entity (sj,o, observed entity), it triggers a WD specific to that function
(f). The WD stores the expected result er(f) in a temporary buffer in si,m and verifies if the observed result or(f) and er(f)
match. If the monitored function is executed properly then the WD removes from the buffer the entry corresponding to the
sj,o, er(f) couple and enters in an idle status, waiting for the next function to observe. On the other hand, if the function is not
correctly executed or if the couple sj,o, er(f) remains in the buffer for more than a certain time out, a negative value to the
observation rating factor ok is reported to the entry corresponding to sj,o in the RT and a new reputation value for that
entity is calculated. It should be noticed that the term
Expected result corresponds to the correct execution of the function monitored by the WD, which is substantially different
from the final result of the execution of the function.
6. Conclusion
This paper presents a brief description of Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to make a secured MANET by IDS
which are proposed for ad-hoc mobile networks and also provide techniques of IDS according to distributed architecture of
IDS. It has also presented a comparison of techniques such as Watchdog, Confidant, CORE, Route guard, Ocean and
Cooperative ideas and reveals their features. By considering all the aspects, MANET is better and secure.
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