This document provides an overview of cyber security challenges for industrial control systems (ICS) and introduces Darktrace's Industrial Immune System as an innovative solution. The key points are:
1) ICS networks face growing threats as they increasingly connect to corporate IT networks and the internet, but existing defenses like firewalls are inadequate. Attacks have caused damage at facilities like power plants and a German steel mill.
2) Darktrace's system implements a real-time "immune system" that analyzes network behavior to establish a baseline and detect anomalies, allowing threats to be identified early before they cause disruption.
3) Unlike rule-based systems, Darktrace adapts over time and can detect "unknown unknown"
Building an Analytics - Enabled SOC Breakout Session
This document provides an overview of building an analytics-enabled security operations center (SOC). It discusses the three main components of a SOC - process, people, and technology. For process, it covers threat modeling, playbooks, tier structures, shift rotations, and other operational aspects. For people, it describes the different roles required in a SOC. For technology, it promotes Splunk Enterprise as a security intelligence platform that can power all functions of a SOC. It also provides examples of how Splunk can be used for various SOC use cases and processes.
SOC and SIEM systems can help organizations detect and respond to security incidents and threats in a timely manner. A SOC acts as a security operations center to monitor, analyze, and respond to cybersecurity incidents. SIEM provides real-time analysis of security alerts and events to help identify potential threats. Implementing SOC and SIEM solutions can improve an organization's security posture through early threat detection, compliance with regulations, and reduced breach impact.
Building a Cyber Security Operations Center for SCADA/ICS Environments
Abstract: Modern day cyber threats are ever increasing in sophistication and evasiveness against Process Control Networks. Organizations in the industry are facing a constant challenge to adopt modern techniques to proactively monitor the security posture within the SCADA infrastructure whilst keeping cyber attackers and threat actors at bay.
In this presentation we will cover the fundamental building blocks of building a SCADA cyber security operations center with key responsibilities such as Incident Response Management, Vulnerability and Patch Management, Secure-by-design Architecture, Security Logging and Monitoring and how such security domains drive accountability and act as a line of authority across the PCN.
Cyber Threat Intelligence - It's not just about the feeds
The document discusses cyber threat intelligence and how it can support defensive cyber operations. It defines cyber threat intelligence and outlines different data source types that can be used, including internal incident data and external threat intelligence. It describes the Lockheed Martin Cyber Kill Chain and Diamond Models for structuring threat information and identifying gaps. Actionable threat intelligence requires both internal and external data across the cyber kill chain phases to generate useful context. Threat intelligence can help with incident response, penetration testing, and establishing an intelligence-led defensive posture focused on the most relevant threats.
SIEM (Security Information and Event Management) technology provides real-time analysis of security alerts from various sources like network devices, servers, etc. It has four main components - SEM (Security Event Management), SIM (Security Information Management), data collection, and data analysis. SOAR (Security Orchestration, Automation and Response) was developed to address limitations of SIEM tools like needing regular tuning and dedicated staff. SOAR technologies enable automated response to security events by integrating data from various sources, building response processes using playbooks, and providing a single dashboard for security response. Key benefits of SOAR include faster incident detection/response, better threat context, simplified management, and boosting analyst productivity through automation.
How AI can Think Like an Attacker (Carlos Gray at DarkTrace)
Presented at Executive Leaders Network CMO/DPO/CIO/CISO Event on October 06th.
"In the face of skyrocketing cyber risk, detecting and responding to attacks is no longer enough. Organizations must take proactive steps to prevent threats before they happen, and to recover if compromised. In this session, Darktrace unveil an ambitious new approach to security, with core engines powering AI technologies to prevent, detect, respond, and ultimately heal from attacks. Together, these engines combine to strengthen organizations’ security posture in a virtuous AI feedback ‘loop,’ which provides powerful end-to-end, bespoke, and self-learning solutions unique to each organization."
To build an effective security operations center (SOC), you must first understand what type of SOC you need by considering its capabilities, organization, staffing hours, and environment. Key planning areas include defining hours of availability, whether to use an MSSP, priority capabilities, and the technology environment. Budget and technology are also important to consider, but only after establishing goals. An effective SOC requires the right mix of processes, people, and technologies tailored to your organization's unique needs.
This document discusses the principles of zero trust architecture, which aims to eliminate trust from IT systems by verifying all users and devices before granting limited, least-privilege access. It outlines the core elements of zero trust, including verifying the user, verifying their device, and limiting access and privileges. The document also notes that implementing zero trust will require monitoring the environment closely, architecting microperimeters, mapping acceptable data routes, and identifying sensitive data. Organizations may face challenges from technical debt, legacy systems, and other issues requiring new technologies or wrappers.
Effective Security Operation Center - present by Reza AdinehReZa AdineH
The document discusses how to effectively manage a cyber security operations center (SOC). It addresses questions about how to assess the effectiveness and maturity of a SOC, ensure sufficient threat detection capabilities through proper sensors and data collection, and utilize threat intelligence and data enrichment. The document also provides steps to implement threat management, incident response processes, and leverage machine learning and user entity behavior analytics to detect anomalous user behavior and insider threats.
The document discusses the changing threat landscape over the past 5 years and how threats have shifted from targeting individuals to organized attacks on large institutions. It outlines external and internal threats and how attackers now exploit human behavior and erase their tracks. Specific threats mentioned include mobile security, cloud services, and targeted spam attacks. The document recommends increasing information security education and research, engaging with peers on threat intelligence sharing, and prioritizing data protection. It notes that increased attacks provide more data to counter threats and that the cybersecurity market is growing.
Sqrrl and IBM: Threat Hunting for QRadar UsersSqrrl
This document discusses threat hunting using IBM QRadar and Sqrrl analytics. It introduces threat hunting, the threat hunting process, and the Sqrrl behavior graph for visualizing and exploring linked security data. Use cases for threat hunting with Sqrrl analytics on the QRadar platform are presented, along with a reference architecture showing how Sqrrl integrates with QRadar. A demonstration of the Sqrrl threat hunting platform concludes the document.
Building an Analytics - Enabled SOC Breakout Session Splunk
This document provides an overview of building an analytics-enabled security operations center (SOC). It discusses the three main components of a SOC - process, people, and technology. For process, it covers threat modeling, playbooks, tier structures, shift rotations, and other operational aspects. For people, it describes the different roles required in a SOC. For technology, it promotes Splunk Enterprise as a security intelligence platform that can power all functions of a SOC. It also provides examples of how Splunk can be used for various SOC use cases and processes.
SOC and SIEM systems can help organizations detect and respond to security incidents and threats in a timely manner. A SOC acts as a security operations center to monitor, analyze, and respond to cybersecurity incidents. SIEM provides real-time analysis of security alerts and events to help identify potential threats. Implementing SOC and SIEM solutions can improve an organization's security posture through early threat detection, compliance with regulations, and reduced breach impact.
Building a Cyber Security Operations Center for SCADA/ICS EnvironmentsShah Sheikh
Abstract: Modern day cyber threats are ever increasing in sophistication and evasiveness against Process Control Networks. Organizations in the industry are facing a constant challenge to adopt modern techniques to proactively monitor the security posture within the SCADA infrastructure whilst keeping cyber attackers and threat actors at bay.
In this presentation we will cover the fundamental building blocks of building a SCADA cyber security operations center with key responsibilities such as Incident Response Management, Vulnerability and Patch Management, Secure-by-design Architecture, Security Logging and Monitoring and how such security domains drive accountability and act as a line of authority across the PCN.
Cyber Threat Intelligence - It's not just about the feedsIain Dickson
The document discusses cyber threat intelligence and how it can support defensive cyber operations. It defines cyber threat intelligence and outlines different data source types that can be used, including internal incident data and external threat intelligence. It describes the Lockheed Martin Cyber Kill Chain and Diamond Models for structuring threat information and identifying gaps. Actionable threat intelligence requires both internal and external data across the cyber kill chain phases to generate useful context. Threat intelligence can help with incident response, penetration testing, and establishing an intelligence-led defensive posture focused on the most relevant threats.
SIEM (Security Information and Event Management) technology provides real-time analysis of security alerts from various sources like network devices, servers, etc. It has four main components - SEM (Security Event Management), SIM (Security Information Management), data collection, and data analysis. SOAR (Security Orchestration, Automation and Response) was developed to address limitations of SIEM tools like needing regular tuning and dedicated staff. SOAR technologies enable automated response to security events by integrating data from various sources, building response processes using playbooks, and providing a single dashboard for security response. Key benefits of SOAR include faster incident detection/response, better threat context, simplified management, and boosting analyst productivity through automation.
Presented at Executive Leaders Network CMO/DPO/CIO/CISO Event on October 06th.
"In the face of skyrocketing cyber risk, detecting and responding to attacks is no longer enough. Organizations must take proactive steps to prevent threats before they happen, and to recover if compromised. In this session, Darktrace unveil an ambitious new approach to security, with core engines powering AI technologies to prevent, detect, respond, and ultimately heal from attacks. Together, these engines combine to strengthen organizations’ security posture in a virtuous AI feedback ‘loop,’ which provides powerful end-to-end, bespoke, and self-learning solutions unique to each organization."
To build an effective security operations center (SOC), you must first understand what type of SOC you need by considering its capabilities, organization, staffing hours, and environment. Key planning areas include defining hours of availability, whether to use an MSSP, priority capabilities, and the technology environment. Budget and technology are also important to consider, but only after establishing goals. An effective SOC requires the right mix of processes, people, and technologies tailored to your organization's unique needs.
This document discusses the principles of zero trust architecture, which aims to eliminate trust from IT systems by verifying all users and devices before granting limited, least-privilege access. It outlines the core elements of zero trust, including verifying the user, verifying their device, and limiting access and privileges. The document also notes that implementing zero trust will require monitoring the environment closely, architecting microperimeters, mapping acceptable data routes, and identifying sensitive data. Organizations may face challenges from technical debt, legacy systems, and other issues requiring new technologies or wrappers.
Ransomware is malware that encrypts a victim's data and demands ransom payment in order to restore access. It typically infiltrates systems through phishing emails or infected websites and exploits existing vulnerabilities. Once installed, it encrypts target data, covers its tracks, and may spread to other devices. Paying the ransom does not guarantee restoration of data and systems. Ransomware is spreading due to readily available malware kits, use of common platforms like JavaScript that enable cross-platform attacks, and ransomware marketplaces that lower the bar for would-be attackers. Organizations can best prevent ransomware by maintaining updated systems with antivirus software, backing up data, and educating users to avoid phishing attempts.
This document summarizes the results of a study on trends in information security. It finds that while most organizations feel their current security is satisfactory, common drivers for changing approaches include security breaches, vulnerabilities discovered by audits, and reports of other security breaches. Complicating factors include the consumerization of IT, lack of security expertise, legacy systems, and growing sophistication of threats. The study also examines mobile security incidents, cloud security reviews, awareness of regulations, human vs. technology errors, and criteria for better security training.
Cyber threat intelligence involves collecting, analyzing, and sharing information about threats to help organizations assess risks and defend themselves. It follows principles like being centralized, objective, and continuous. The Structured Threat Information Expression (STIX) framework allows sharing threat data consistently between organizations using common language. Intrusion detection systems monitor networks and systems for malicious activity, using either signature-based methods to detect known threats or anomaly-based methods to find unknown behaviors.
The Journey to Cyber Resilience in a World of Fear, Uncertainty and DoubtJohn D. Johnson
This presentation was given at CampIT. It motivated the need for a high level of maturity of the enterprise security program, by striving for cyber resiliency.
Summarize the design and build approach for SOC (Security Operation Center) for both end user company and service providers. Defines the approach flow for SOC building and various components and phases involved. Defines design thumb rules and parameters for SOC Design.
DTS Solution - Building a SOC (Security Operations Center)Shah Sheikh
This document discusses building a cyber security operations center (CSOC). It covers the need for a CSOC, its core components including security information and event management (SIEM), and integrating components like monitoring, alerting, and reporting. Key aspects that are important for a successful CSOC are people, processes, and technology. The roles and skills required for people in the CSOC and training needs are outlined. Developing standardized processes, procedures and workflows that align with frameworks like ISO are also discussed.
This document provides an overview of governance of security operations centers. It discusses the impact of disruptive technologies on organizations and the need for security operations centers to manage security risks. It covers designing an effective SOC including defining threats, processes, technology and acquiring a SOC. Operating a SOC includes defining expectations, baselining normal activity, using threat intelligence and handling incidents. Qualities of analysts and measuring SOC success are also discussed. Sustainable SOC governance principles like investing in people and emphasizing teamwork are presented.
Micro segmentation and zero trust for security and compliance - Guardicore an...YouAttestSlideshare
Micro Segmentation for Zero trust security and compliance
1) What is Zero Trust?
2) How does zero trust relate to compliance?
3) Guardicore and Micro Segmentation,
4) YouAttest and Compliance
5) Short Demo and Q&A session
Critical Infrastructure Protection from Terrorist AttacksBGA Cyber Security
Candan Bölükbas presented information on critical infrastructure protection from terrorist attacks. The document discussed supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems and industrial control systems (ICS), noting key differences from traditional IT security including more severe impacts of failures, difficulty patching old systems, and additional threat vectors. It also outlined ICS security requirements, common threat agents targeting ICS like organized crime and nation-states, and the need for continuous security assessments given frequent vulnerabilities.
Watch this previously recorded webinar event with special guest Karthik Sundaram of Frost & Sullivan as he expands on his recently published research, “Cybersecurity in the Era of Industrial IoT". Leveraging insights from actual use cases, new policy initiatives, and available solutions, the research explores cybersecurity approaches, including a deep dive into the concept of “defense-in-depth” and its implications for a converged IT-OT environment in the future.
This document provides an overview of how Fortinet solutions can help secure industrial control systems (ICS) in accordance with IEC 62443 standards. It describes common ICS vulnerabilities and challenges, and recommends implementing network segmentation, access controls, and multi-layered security using Fortinet products to monitor traffic and enforce security policies across different ICS zones. Specific Fortinet products mentioned include the FortiGate firewall, FortiAuthenticator for authentication, and FortiAnalyzer for logging and reporting.
An Internet of Things Reference Architecture Symantec
The Internet of Things (IoT) already helps billions of people. Thousands of smart, connected devices deliver new experiences to people throughout the world, lowering costs, sometimes by billions of dollars. Examples include connected cars, robotic manufacturing, smarter medical equipment, smart grid, and countless industrial control systems. Unfortunately, this growth in connected devices brings increased security risks. Threats quickly evolve to target this rich and vulnerable landscape. Serious risks include physical harm to people, prolonged downtime, and damage to equipment such as pipelines, blast furnaces, and power generation facilities. As several such facilities and IoT systems have already been attacked and materially damaged, security must now be an essential consideration for anyone making or operating IoT devices or systems, particularly for the industrial Internet.
Challenges and Solution to Mitigate the cyber-attack on Critical Infrastruct...Abhishek Goel
SCADA systems control some of the most vital infrastructure in industrial and energy sectors, from oil and gas pipelines to nuclear facilities to water treatment plants.
Critical infrastructure is defined as the physical and IT assets, networks and services that if disrupted or destroyed would have a serious impact on the health, security, or economic wellbeing of citizens and the efficient functioning of a country’s government.
This document provides an overview of threats to industrial control systems (ICS) in 2015-2016. It finds that ICS incidents increased significantly, with 295 reported in 2015 alone. The main targets were critical manufacturing, energy, water and dams, and transportation systems. Nation-states, cybercriminals, and insiders engaged in attacks that disrupted operations and in some cases caused physical damage. Going forward, the threats are expected to grow as adversaries develop new tactics like ransomware targeting ICS and insider threats continue to be a problem. Organizations must take steps to strengthen ICS security through measures like secure network architecture and incident response planning.
Capstone Team Report -The Vicious Circle of Smart Grid Securityreuben_mathew
The document summarizes challenges facing different stakeholders in securing the smart grid:
- Utilities face rapid deployment, funding shortfalls, technical challenges explaining security, and sophisticated attacks exploiting systems.
- Regulators have inconsistent standards and gaps between policies, creating confusion.
- Equipment manufacturers consider security important but frameworks are not always implemented, leaving systems vulnerable.
Coordinated efforts are needed between utilities, regulators, and manufacturers to address gaps and build a secure smart grid.
The document discusses several limitations of IoT-enabled automation solutions:
1. Cybersecurity and privacy concerns are significant as more devices are connected and hackers can more easily access building functions by exploiting vulnerabilities.
2. Lack of integration and interoperability standards means buildings use multiple incompatible protocols, increasing costs.
3. Data capturing and processing has limitations due to the expense of comprehensive sensor deployment and expert analysis needed to derive value from data.
This document discusses the need for cybersecurity in smart buildings. It notes that while smart buildings provide benefits through connectivity and automation, they can also be vulnerable to cyber attacks if not properly secured. The document advocates for a "cybersmart" approach where cybersecurity is prioritized and integrated into building systems from the start. It warns that without proper protections, smart buildings leave organizations at risk of data breaches, disrupted operations, and even physical safety incidents carried out through cyber means. The document aims to convince readers to make cybersecurity a priority and work with partners to secure their smart building investments and realize the benefits of connectivity safely.
Cybersmart_buildings_securing your investment in connectivity and automationIron Mountain
One of the biggest pitfalls with physical building situational awareness is a one-sided view of the threat level. Learn about CyberSmart Buildings IoT connectivity & automation.
This document discusses the need for cybersecurity in smart buildings. It notes that while smart buildings provide benefits through connectivity and automation, they can also be vulnerable to cyber attacks if not properly secured. The document advocates for a "cybersmart" approach where cybersecurity is prioritized and integrated into building systems from the start. It warns that without proper protections, smart buildings leave organizations at risk of data breaches, disruptions to building operations, and even physical safety incidents caused by hackers manipulating building systems and technologies.
Augmentation of a SCADA based firewall against foreign hacking devices IJECEIAES
This document summarizes a research paper that implemented a SCADA-based firewall to protect data transmission from external hacking devices. The paper first discusses a case study where an industrial control system was hacked 46 times. It then provides an overview of industrial firewalls and the differences between industrial and IT firewalls. The paper describes configuring a Tofino industrial firewall with SCADA-HMI and PLC assets. It tests the firewall by simulating scenarios without and with the firewall, showing the firewall prevents an attacker from accessing the PLC simulator based on communication protocols. The paper concludes customized industrial firewalls are needed and protocols must be regularly updated as cyber attacks evolve.
Become the best version of most in-demand cybersecurity experts with the best cybersecurity certifications to guide OT security frameworks. Foresee cybersecurity threats as a specialized OT security professional and gain big!
Read more: https://shorturl.at/jsuGS
CABA Whitepaper - Cybersecurity in Smart BuildingsIron Mountain
This document discusses cybersecurity considerations for smart building automation systems. It begins by explaining why cybersecurity is necessary as buildings become more connected and integrated. It then discusses that facilities managers should work with IT professionals to manage cybersecurity, as the building automation system now encompasses both facilities and IT aspects. The document provides an overview of cybersecurity layers including identity validation, endpoint device security, and network security. It gives recommendations in each area to help secure smart building systems from potential cyber threats.
This document discusses how critical infrastructure is increasingly being targeted by cybercriminals and nation-states through cyber attacks. It notes that while most critical infrastructure operators have strong physical security, many lack comprehensive cybersecurity strategies. It advocates for privileged access management solutions to help secure critical infrastructure according to new regulations and guidelines. Such solutions can help prevent attackers from gaining privileged access and help contain threats by isolating and auditing privileged sessions.
Discussion paper: ”The coming obsolescence of the enterprise network” Ericsson
A new Ericsson discussion paper suggests the demand for accessibility and flexibility is changing enterprises attitude towards their networks, moving the focus from protecting the perimeter of the enterprise network to protecting the business-critical data and application environment. It opens up opportunities for telecom operators to provide as-a-service offering. Read the paper and talk to Ericsson to find more about, for example, how to address this transformation, what a winning strategy looks like for operators, what bundled offerings are like to gain most market traction.
Challenges and Security Issues in Future IT Infrastructure ComponentsMubashir Ali
Over the past 2 decades, the information technology infrastructure has gone through an exponential change with the introduction and evolution of new technologies and trends. Organizations previously having their data on-premise and their infrastructure comprising of multiple server machines on multiple server racks and dedicated client personal computers (PCs) are moving towards cloud computing & virtualization to Smartphone and tablets. This rapid advancement and constant change, although increasing productivity for the organizations is resulting in a rising number of challenges and security issues for the organizations, their managers, IT administrators and technology architects. This paper discusses the future IT infrastructure components and the challenges & security issues that arise after their implementation that needs to be taken care of in order to get the full advantage of IT.
Dhana Raj Markandu: Control System Cybersecurity - Challenges in a New Energy...Dhana Raj Markandu
Conference on Electricity Power Supply Industry (CEPSI) 2012, Bali, Indonesia
(Accepted for presentation but not published due to unforeseen withdrawal of author)
WIRELESS DEFENSE STRATEGIES IN THE IOT ERAAharon Aharon
This document discusses strategies for securing wireless networks in the era of the Internet of Things. It recommends implementing unified access control across wired and wireless networks, adding multiple layers of defense like network segmentation, and using next-generation firewalls to block advanced threats. An integrated security solution that provides end-to-end visibility and management of wireless, switching, and security components can help enterprises securely support new technologies and an increasingly mobile workforce.
HOW TO AUGMENT YOUR CNI CYBERSECURITY WHEN USING CLOUD TECHNOLOGY.docxVOROR
Ensuring that businesses’ most critical cybersecurity infrastructures are secure and resilient must be a top priority.
Keeping your critical data from being attacked or exploited by internal or external threats is vital. With digitalisation and digitisation, many businesses are making the transition from traditional networks to cloud technology, giving cyber-attackers more leverage to access critical data. https://voror.io/sd-wan-cryptography/
Attack 1: OilRig infected software used by the visually impaired with malware to spy on targets in the Middle East, Europe, and US. This damaged the software company's sales and reputation.
Attack 2: OilRig created fake Oxford University websites to distribute their malware. People who registered or downloaded files from the sites unknowingly infected their devices. This hurt Oxford's credibility.
Attack 3: OilRig sent a phishing email with malware to the Saudi financial group Samba through the compromised network of Saudi contractor Al-Elm. Opening the email attachment installed OilRig's surveillance software.
Cyber Security for Everyone Course - Final Project PresentationCMR WORLD TECH
OilRig is an advanced persistent threat (APT) group based in Iran that conducts cyber espionage operations. It has carried out several attacks targeting the oil and gas industry as well as other sectors. The attacks involved compromising legitimate software and websites to distribute malware. The motivations for OilRig's operations are believed to be related to sanctions against Iran and its pursuit of stolen intellectual property and sensitive information from other countries. Policymakers need to consider responses that address both the private impacts on businesses, as well as the broader public and geopolitical concerns given OilRig's targeting of both private and public sector organizations internationally.
1) O documento fornece instruções passo-a-passo para criar uma cota no CPQ, incluindo como criar uma conta, contato e oportunidade, adicionar produtos à cota e atualizar quantidades.
2) Também explica como criar pacotes de produtos contendo itens relacionados e definir características, opções e restrições para os pacotes.
3) Fornece detalhes sobre como criar novos produtos e preços padrão e vincular produtos em pacotes.
This document provides instructions for installing and configuring Salesforce CPQ. It outlines pre-installation steps like enabling email deliverability, Chatter, Orders and CRM content. It then details how to install the CPQ package, authorize the calculation service, execute post-install scripts and change page layout assignments. The goal is to leverage the out-of-box CPQ fields and configurations by properly setting up profiles and permissions.
The Salesforce Automation Landscape
The Salesforce Automation Landscape
Declarative Tolls points and clicks admins
Coding tools Salesforce Gods
For Developers it is very important understand
the tools available and know when they should be applied.
Declarative tool set – Workflowrules, same object updates
Email notifications, limited applications.
Process Builder – Related object updates
Create a records, no unrelated objects
Bulk issues everywhere
Visual flow unrelated object updates variables and loops.
Same learning curve as code, but without the benefits.
The document discusses process automation by repeating the phrase "Process Automation" multiple times without providing any additional context or details about what process automation entails. The high-level topic appears to be process automation, but no meaningful information is given beyond stating the topic.
A high-level overview of the key features and benefits of Workflow and Approval process automation in Enterprise Edition. Your sales force operates more efficiently with standardized internal procedures and automated business processes. Many of the tasks you normally assign, the emails you regularly send, and other record updates are part of an organization's standard processes. Instead of doing this work manually, you can configure workflow and approvals to do it automatically.
Begin by designing workflow rules and approval processes, and associating them with actions such as email alerts, tasks, field updates, or outbound messages.
This document lists a series of courses completed by Cesar Murilo Ribeiro on topics including getting started with SharePoint add-ins, mobile app development with Office 365 APIs, advanced Windows 10 development with Office 365 APIs, and advanced web development using Angular with Office 365 APIs. It also includes courses on advanced SharePoint add-in development, advanced Office add-in development with Excel, Word, and PowerPoint, and advanced Office add-in development with Outlook.
Migrating
your
existing applications and IT assets to the Amazon Web Services
(AWS)
Cloud
presents
an opportunity to transform the way your organization
does
business.
It can help
you
lower costs, become more agile, develop new
skills
more quickly
, and deliver reliable, globally available services to your
customers.
Our goal is to help you to
implement
your cloud strategy
successfully.
Delivery readness for pick season and higth volumeCMR WORLD TECH
This document provides guidance on preparing for and managing email deliverability during peak seasons and high-volume sending periods. It covers best practices around data hygiene and list acquisition, content and branding, volume and frequency, segmentation and targeting, monitoring and reporting, and includes a deliverability readiness checklist. The key recommendations are to begin planning well in advance, focus on clean subscriber data and permission, avoid sudden volume spikes, scale up IPs and volume gradually, and leverage segmentation and monitoring tools to optimize performance.
Why digital-will-become-the-primary-channel-for-b2 b-engagementCMR WORLD TECH
The document discusses how digital commerce is becoming the primary channel for B2B engagement. Some key points:
- B2B customers and decision-makers now prefer digital channels and self-service options for repeat purchases. This positions digital as the primary engagement channel.
- B2B organizations that invested early in digital see benefits like increased customer retention, acquisition, and expected business growth attributed to digital commerce programs.
- Features like tailored products, order automation, and self-service are valuable for both B2B businesses and customers in the digital channel.
This document lists a series of courses completed by Cesar Murilo Ribeiro on topics including getting started with SharePoint add-ins, mobile app development with Office 365 APIs, advanced Windows 10 development with Office 365 APIs, and advanced web development using Angular with Office 365 APIs. It also includes courses on advanced SharePoint add-in development, advanced Office add-in development with Excel, Word, and PowerPoint, and advanced Office add-in development with Outlook.
UK Export Finance (UKEF) provides financing support to help overseas buyers purchase goods and services from UK companies, including direct loans, guarantees on bank loans, and supplier credit facilities, with financing terms of up to 10 years. UKEF has supported over $20 billion in export contracts across over 50 countries in sectors like healthcare, engineering, and infrastructure. The document outlines the various financing support options available from UKEF and provides examples of projects it has supported.
1) The document outlines the Hyperledger design philosophy of modularity and interoperability for permissioned blockchain networks. It describes the core components defined by the Architecture Working Group including the consensus layer.
2) The consensus layer is responsible for agreeing on the order and validity of transactions to include in a block. Various consensus algorithms are compared including lottery-based and voting-based methods.
3) The document explores how consensus interacts with other layers like the smart contract layer to validate transactions and reach agreement on the state. Transactions are ordered into blocks by a service before being validated according to endorsement and consensus policies.
The document discusses how Cloud Services can help different departments within a company achieve their goals by using Salesforce. It focuses on how Cloud Services supports IT departments. Some key ways it helps IT include: boosting productivity and lowering costs through Success Plans, training resources, and 24/7 support; achieving operational excellence through comprehensive support and monitoring from experts; and clearing a path for innovation and transformation by collaborating with experts on strategies and best practices.
This document provides resources for learning Apex and Visualforce development on the Salesforce platform. It covers objectives related to design and functionality, performance and scalability, and maintainability and reuse. For each objective, core and recommended learning materials are identified at beginner, intermediate, and advanced skill levels. The resources include documentation, guides, webinars and videos to help developers of all experience levels learn Apex and Visualforce.
General Motors' OnStar division leveraged the Salesforce platform to build an app called AtYourService that allows drivers to access location-based deals and services from nearby retailers and merchants directly from their vehicle. By analyzing usage data, OnStar recognized an opportunity to offer additional value to customers beyond emergency assistance. The Salesforce platform provided the scalability needed to build a personalized, connected experience that engages customers every day and keeps them returning to OnStar.
Berkeley program on_data_science___analytics_1CMR WORLD TECH
The document provides information about the Berkeley Program on Data Science & Analytics, including an overview of the program, details on modules and curriculum, faculty directors, the application process, and benefits of attending. The 6-month program is delivered through a combination of in-person sessions in Singapore, Berkeley, and online modules. It aims to help executives build and lead effective data science teams through applying data-driven decision making approaches.
Rep consumer experience_in_the_retail_renaissance_en_28_mar18_final_dm_CMR WORLD TECH
This document discusses how leading brands are building consumer experiences in the current retail renaissance. It finds that while many brands say they aim to put customers at the center, their efforts often fall short due to disconnected experiences. The report surveys over 500 retail and consumer goods leaders to understand how they harness consumer data and technology to engage customers. It reveals that brands overly focus on products over experiences and need to better understand customer needs.
This document provides guidelines for writing content for Salesforce using the appropriate voice and tone. It discusses how voice reflects personality while tone reflects mood or feeling. The guidelines recommend writing in an honest, clear, fun, and inspiring voice. Tone should be adjusted based on the audience, such as being encouraging for admins but direct for developers. The document provides tips for writing concisely, conversationally, directly, and positively. It also discusses using humor judiciously and avoiding cultural references. Examples are given to illustrate how to apply different tones for various audiences and scenarios.
Airline Satisfaction Project using Azure
This presentation is created as a foundation of understanding and comparing data science/machine learning solutions made in Python notebooks locally and on Azure cloud, as a part of Course DP-100 - Designing and Implementing a Data Science Solution on Azure.
Cómo hemos implementado semántica de "Exactly Once" en nuestra base de datos ...javier ramirez
Los sistemas distribuidos son difíciles. Los sistemas distribuidos de alto rendimiento, más. Latencias de red, mensajes sin confirmación de recibo, reinicios de servidores, fallos de hardware, bugs en el software, releases problemáticas, timeouts... hay un montón de motivos por los que es muy difícil saber si un mensaje que has enviado se ha recibido y procesado correctamente en destino. Así que para asegurar mandas el mensaje otra vez.. y otra... y cruzas los dedos para que el sistema del otro lado tenga tolerancia a los duplicados.
QuestDB es una base de datos open source diseñada para alto rendimiento. Nos queríamos asegurar de poder ofrecer garantías de "exactly once", deduplicando mensajes en tiempo de ingestión. En esta charla, te cuento cómo diseñamos e implementamos la palabra clave DEDUP en QuestDB, permitiendo deduplicar y además permitiendo Upserts en datos en tiempo real, añadiendo solo un 8% de tiempo de proceso, incluso en flujos con millones de inserciones por segundo.
Además, explicaré nuestra arquitectura de log de escrituras (WAL) paralelo y multithread. Por supuesto, todo esto te lo cuento con demos, para que veas cómo funciona en la práctica.
Seamlessly Pay Online, Pay In Stores or Send Money
Darktrace white paper_ics_final
1. Cyber Security for Corporate and Industrial Control Systems
WHITE PAPER
Darktrace Industrial Immune System Provides Continuous Threat Monitoring for Oil &
Gas, Energy, Utilities, and Manufacturing Plants
2. "CISOs responsible for cyber security strategies should
consider solutions for advanced persistent threat detection and
analysis that can be used across both IT and OT environments."
Earl Perkins, Gartner Cool Vendors in Energy and Utilities, 2015
Darktrace named Gartner 'Cool Vendor' 2015
"The worst case scenario is a critical infrastructure attack, and
these organizations are ill prepared to deal with it."
Dr Larry Ponemon, Founder of Ponemon Institute
3. White Paper
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Executive Summary
Industrial Control Systems (ICS) underpin both individual businesses and large parts of the National Critical Infrastructure.
They maintain control over facilities such as power stations, water distribution and car production lines. Historically they
were kept separate from corporate networks, but significant achievable business benefits are driving a convergence
between Operational Technology (OT) systems, such as ICS, and the corporate Information Technology (IT) environment,
and hence the wider internet.
The business of cyber security has changed dramatically in the past few years, presenting a significant challenge to
managementteamsacrossallindustriesandbusinessdomains.Organizationstodayareinauniquepositiontoquantifiably
outpace threats and manage them to minimize organizational impact, whether that be reputational, financial or physical.
We see an increasing trend toward IT security teams taking on more accountability and responsibility for securing the OT
systems, which require different specialist skills and working practices. This cultural and technical convergence will be a
steep learning curve, one to be overcome.
Now open to the same attack vectors used in the majority of cyber-attacks, ICS devices are inherently much less secure but
their compromise can lead to enormous physical damage and danger to human lives. Ever since the Stuxnet malware was
widely reported in 2010, threats to industrial systems have grown rapidly in both number and capability. This was made
clear in the 2014 compromise of a German steel mill that caused massive damage to a blast furnace. Ongoing malware
campaigns such as ‘Energetic Bear’ are actively acquiring critical data about control systems, while quietly maintaining
persistent access. Existing defenses such as firewalls have repeatedly proven inadequate on their own, especially against
insiders who may already have privileged access.
Darktrace’s Industrial Immune System is a fundamental innovation that views data from an ICS network in real time,
and establishes an evolving baseline for what is normal for operators, workstations and automated systems within that
environment. Advanced Bayesian mathematics and cutting-edge machine learning detect abnormal behavior and flag
it for investigation, capable of discovering previously unknown attacks as they emerge. Total prevention of all cyber
compromises is not a realistic goal but, if identified early enough, threats can be mitigated before they become a full-
blown crisis. Darktrace’s technology can be deployed across both IT and OT environments to provide full coverage of an
organization.
4. 4
•• Enhanced performance through cost and time
saving which allows for the smooth transition
of newly-developed products into existing
manufacturing operations, reducing time to market
•• Business optimization using data transferred
between IT and OT environments
The breakdown of this cultural divide between OT and
IT staffs will often require CISOs to manage across
teams that historically have different approaches to
cyber security. During this convergence the assurance
of long-term reliability and safety requires CISOs to
reshape enterprise security practices. The merging
of specialized OT systems with IT technologies and
endpoints will require CISOs to assume responsibility
for OT cyber security without specialized OT skills or
in matrix-based organizational environments, thereby
exposing new technology and change-management
risks. This gap in skill sets as IT and OT systems converge
will generate new cyber security problems as attacks
become more focused and sophisticated. A strategic
and unified approach to cyber security will inevitably
benefit organizations, allowing them to operate in a
more reliable and efficient manner.
Industrial Control Systems face numerous cyber-
security threat vectors with varying degrees of potential
loss, ranging from non-compliance to disruption of
operations which could result in destruction of property
and, unfortunately, potential loss of human life.
Examples of potential ICS-related threats include:
•• Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs)
•• Unintended spillover of corporate network
compromises
•• Disruption of voice & data network services
•• Coordinated physical & cyber-attack
•• Insider sabotage
•• Hacktivist attacks
•• Supply chain disruption or compromise
•• Catastrophic human error
•• Distributed Denial of Service (DDOS)
The cost is significantly higher to remediate a system
than to detect a cyber threat early, not only in time
and money, but also in safety and reputation. Legacy
approaches have fallen short as evidenced by cyber-
attacks ranging from the infamous Stuxnet to a recent
German steel mill compromise. What if the Saudi
Aramco attack had been aimed at critical infrastructure
instead of business workstations?
Enabling Modern Industry
Industrial Control Systems (ICS) are at the heart of
modern industry, monitoring and controlling complex
processes and equipment. Many businesses are
wholly underpinned by the reliable functioning of
this Operational Technology (OT), such as automated
production lines at car manufacturing plants. For
organizations that form part of the National Critical
Infrastructure, the consequences of unplanned
outages are far-reaching, being responsible for
maintaining utilities such as power, heating and clean
water to huge numbers of households and places of
work. In many industrial processes, reliability of an ICS
has a direct and immediate impact on the safety of
human lives.
ICS and SCADA
ICS is an umbrella term covering many historically
different types of control system such as SCADA
(Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) and DCS
(Distributed Control Systems). Also known as IACS
(Industrial Automation and Control Systems), they are
a form of Operational Technology. In practice, media
publications often use “SCADA” interchangeably with
“ICS”.
Corporate Information Technology (IT) systems and
Industrial Control Systems have different objectives,
even when operating within the same organization.
While IT and OT often speak different languages, cyber-
attacks across both environments have continued to
evolve to become more targeted and destructive. When
it comes to ICS, reliability is the primary concern as
attackers aim to disrupt the critical services customers
rely upon.
IT and OT systems are converging, driven primarily by
economic pressures resulting from globalization and
intensifying competition, along with the benefits and
eventual competitive advantages that stem from the
integration of these disciplines. These benefits include;
•• Cost reduction by applying similar technology,
standards and governance principles for IT and OT,
including remote management
•• Risk reduction through jointly addressing safety
issues, leading to an integrated approach that
provides enhanced security against cyber intrusions
from outside the company and to central cyber-
security governance within the company
5. White Paper
5
ICS Cyber Security Issues
Historically, industrial control environments were ‘air-
gapped’; physically isolated from corporate networks
and the internet. However, computer viruses and
other forms of cyber-attacks such as Stuxnet [1] and
“agent.btz” [2] have been known to bridge the gap
by exploiting security holes related to the handling
of removable media, or simple human error. While
security is an upside of having a seemingly closed or
isolated system, the downside includes the limited
access or inability to access enterprise decision
making data or to allow control engineers to monitor
systems from other networks. Additionally, ICS often
tie together decentralized facilities such as power, oil
& gas pipelines, water distribution and wastewater
collection systems, among many others, where the
network is hard to physically secure.
ICS systems, whilst effectively designed to be
interoperable and resilient, are not necessarily
secure. With the increasing number of connections
between ICS systems, corporate networks and the
internet, combined with the move from proprietary
technologies to more standardized and open solutions,
they are becoming more susceptible to the kind of
network attacks that are found more commonly in IT
environments.
Cyber-security researchers are particularly concerned
about the systemic lack of authentication in the
design, deployment and operation of some existing
ICS networks and the belief that they are completely
secure simply because they are physically secure. It
has become clear that any possible connection to the
internet can be exploited, even if it is not direct. ICS-
specific protocols and proprietary interfaces are now
well documented and easily exploited. The use of a VPN
(Virtual Private Network) is also not sufficient protection
for ICS users as this can be trivially bypassed with
physical access to network switches and never provides
end-to-end coverage. ICS vendors are increasingly
urging CISOs to converge their approaches to IT and
OT cyber security, with an equal level of caution and
depth in defense strategy.
Challenges Facing Industry
Industry faces a growing challenge in dealing with
cyber threats, both external and internal. There are
an increasing number of threat actors with both the
motivation and capability to compromise industrial
control networks and devices. The consequences of
compromise range from damaging to catastrophic,
from immediate physical harm to long-term industrial
espionage.
Control engineers historically have not had to worry
about cyber threats coming through corporate IT
systems, while IT security staff have had little to do with
the fundamental differences in control systems or the
physical equipment that those systems manage. ICS
devices are inherently insecure, and extremely difficult
to update with even the rudimentary protections that
are possible.
A New Approach: Darktrace and the
Immune System
Utilities, OT-centric industries and other national
infrastructure organizations, are challenged with
rethinking cyber security across all technologies to
deliver continuous insight that provides early warning
of both indiscriminate and targeted compromises,
supported by mechanisms that can manage incidents
before they become a business crisis. Total prevention
of compromise at any cost is untenable, however,
detection and response to prevent a crisis from
developing is an achievable cyber security goal in an IT/
OT environment.
Darktrace’s Industrial Immune System for ICS is a
fundamental innovation that implements a real-
time “immune system” for operational technologies
and enables a fundamental shift in the approach to
cyber defense. Based on groundbreaking advances in
Bayesian probability theory and powered by cutting-
edge machine learning, Darktrace analyzes data and
"Darktrace adds another level
of sophistication to our defense
systems, and had already
identified threats with the potential
to disrupt out networks."
Martin Sloan, Group Head of Security, Drax
6. 6
creates a unique behavioral understanding of “self”
for each user and device within the network and, like a
biological immune system, it detects threats that cannot
be defined in advance by identifying even subtle shifts
in expected behavior. People and devices all behave
in a unique way that necessarily differs from their
peers to varying degrees. However, their behaviors are
significantly more predictable when compared to their
historical behaviors and patterns of change.
With Darktrace’s self-learning “immune system”,
organizations are able to detect and respond to
emerging threats, even if novel or tailored, and
regardless of whether they originate in either the IT
or operational domains, or traverse between them.
By identifying unexpected anomalies in behavior,
defendersareabletoinvestigatemalwarecompromises
and insider risks as they emerge and throughout stages
of the attack lifecycle. Darktrace provides the real-time
visibility required to make intelligence-based decisions
in live situations, while enabling in-depth investigations
into historical activity.
Real Vulnerability
While it is likely that many attacks are never revealed to
the public, the list of known compromises is growing.
The most notorious incident that arguably propelled the
vulnerability of ICS into the mainstream consciousness
was the discovery of the Stuxnet attack in June 2010
[1], a “weaponized” form of malware. Stuxnet targeted
the Natanz nuclear facilities in Iran with great precision,
causing nuclear centrifuge equipment to wear out at a
vastly increased rate.
Sabotage and Shutdowns
Significant attacks have been made by former
employees who wrongfully retained access following
dismissal, such as Mario Azar, who was indicted for
disabling a computer system detecting pipeline leaks
in Southern California [3]. Attacks by individuals
who never possessed legitimate access include the
compromise of the South Houston, TX water system.
[4].
ICS networks have also been damaged as unintended
side effects of problems starting in corporate networks
that took advantage of the increasing connectivity,
proving clearly that the standard PCs which now form
part of a typical ICS are open to the same compromises
as their enterprise counterparts. At least three
problems at major power stations have been publicly
attributedtothis;theDavis-Bessenuclearpowerstation
(Ohio, USA) when safety systems were crippled by the
Slammer worm [5], the Browns Ferry nuclear power
station (Alabama, USA) being manually scrammed as a
result of a drastic increase in network traffic [3], and the
Hatch nuclear power station (Georgia, USA) due to a
faulty software update on a business network machine
that communicated with the control network [6].
German Steel Mill
At the end of 2014, the most significantly publicized
attack since Stuxnet was revealed in a German report
disclosing that hackers had struck an unnamed steel
mill in Germany [7]. This was a targeted Advanced
Persistent Threat (APT) compromise, beginning with a
spear-phishing attack that enabled the hackers to gain
initial access onto the office network of the steelworks.
From there, they were able to successfully explore the
company’s networks and eventually manipulate and
disrupt the production networks. Failures of individual
control components accelerated, resulting in a blast
furnace being unable to shut down which caused
“massive” damage to the installation.
Reconnaissance and Pre-positioning
The goals of the largest known ongoing ICS attack
campaigns have mostly shifted away from active
sabotage to long-term persistent compromise and
reconnaissance. Recently the Energetic Bear campaign
has used the Havex [8] Remote Access Trojan (RAT) and
the Sandworm APT group have been using a variant of
the BlackEnergy malware [9]. In both cases ICS-CERT,
the USA’s Industrial Control Systems Cyber Emergency
Response Team, have long-running alerts tracking
them [10][11]. Both provide persistent external access
to compromised control networks and are capable
of downloading additional modules to enhance their
capability. Having identified all of the devices in a
network, it would be simple for them to download
additional sabotage modules and cause immediate,
widespread damage.
Havex was targeted against ICS customers by using
a highly effective ‘watering-hole’ attack, where the
attackers compromised three legitimate ICS vendor
websites and replaced real software updates with
versions already containing the malware. There was no
possible way for traditional network defenses such as
border firewalls to protect against this, and standard
procedures employed in many corporations would
have trusted the trojanized updates and added them
to internal whitelists of software for authorized use.
7. White Paper
7
If an environment is infected in this manner, only its
unique behavior, once installed on the ICS network,
could be used to detect Havex’s presence.
A survey published in April 2014 by the SANS Institute
[12] reported a significant increase in the number of
identified or reported breaches of control systems
over just the previous twelve months. Respondents
also noted that their ability to protect these systems
had not improved within the same period. This is a
chilling indictment of the challenges facing the OT
cyber-security efforts of organizations today.
Darktrace Technology
New vulnerabilities are emerging at a pace that is
difficult to keep up with, and looking only for published
historical attack types is an unsuitable approach for
operationally important environments. Darktrace does
not require a priori assumptions about environments
or threats, and can therefore detect the ‘unknown
unknown’ threats that are as yet unidentified, either
because they are novel or have been tailored to a
particular defender.
The Darktrace architecture continues to adapt and
self-learn throughout its entire deployment. Its
understanding is constantly being revised and refined
in light of new evidence as it ingests and analyzes new
information - the more data it sees, the more it learns.
This adaption means that no new or customized threat
has the ability to hide from Darktrace. Whenever an
abnormal change to behavior takes place within the
environment, the Industrial Immune System identifies
deviations from the learned ‘pattern of life’ and alerts
the organization to the possible threat. Changes that
are not real threats are incorporated into Darktrace’s
evolving understanding of normality.
The advanced mathematics inside Darktrace make it
uniquely capable of highlighting significant potential
threats without burying them beneath many
misguided, insignificant or repeating alerts. Far more
than a set of simple rules applied to network traffic,
it can correlate many subtle indicators separated by
location or time into strong evidence of a real emerging
threat, meaning that security analysts are not flooded
with false positives.
Darktrace’s Threat Visualizer interface can be used
to manage these detections, but it is also possible to
route the output to an organization’s existing Security
Information and Event Management (SIEM) system, to
integrate with established processes and procedures.
Passive Observation
Connecting new devices into a corporate network is
straightforward and routine, with little attached risk.
The same is not true of industrial networks, where for
many applications even the slightest interruption in
service could be damaging. This is why larger and more
critical networks are left as untouched as possible
between planned outages.
The Darktrace appliance runs on a server that is
connected completely passively to an ICS network,
receiving copies of as much communication traffic
as possible. It does not interfere with the operation
of the control network in any way, flagging anomalies
for investigation but not attempting to influence the
situation. The appliance receives copies of raw network
data using the built-in port mirroring or “spanning”
capabilities of network switches, or using fail-safe
taps, sometimes via an aggregator to bring together
numerous connections in one location.
ICS networks are deliberately segregated into Trust
Levels as defined by the ISA95/Purdue reference model
[13], depending on how much each device on the
network is trusted to behave as expected. Darktrace
can be connected at Level 2 (supervisory control), Level
3 (data servers) and Level 4 (IT networks) to provide
defense in depth. It also extends cyber-security
coverage down into Level 1 (field devices).
A highly flexible, distributed architecture allows
Darktrace to securely cover multiple Trust Levels and
the wide variety of network topologies within and
between them. Examples include wholly separate
appliances for each Trust Level, or multiple appliances
within a widely distributed single Trust Level with
a master appliance providing a single interface. If
required, a network diode device could guarantee that
a channel for moving data from one Trust Level to a
higher Trust Level to reach a single appliance covering
both cannot be used to communicate in the other
direction.
8. 8
Darktrace Proof of Value
Darktrace's Proof of Value (POV) allows organizations
to experience first-hand its Industrial Immune
System's ability to detect previously unseen threats
and anomalous behaviors within a customer’s own
environment. Along with the POV, Darktrace provides
access to our Threat Visualizer (below) for use during
the POV as well as weekly Threat Intelligence Reports
produced by its team of cyber security specialists.
Some organizations prefer to trial Darktrace on their
corporate IT systems to confirm the passive and
secure operation before engaging installation into ICS
networks.
Visibility Into Industrial Control Systems
Architectures of ICS systems and their operational
networks are often documented to a standard that
exceeds corporate equivalents, but these long-lived
environments are complicated and will typically have
undergone many changes by multiple individuals over
their lifetime. Knowing and understanding what is
genuinely happening inside the environment can be a
real challenge. Darktrace addresses this challenge by
observing, analyzing and capturing communications
along with their associated metadata.
In addition to its core identification of anomalous
activity and possible compromise, Darktrace’s Threat
Visualizer interface uniquely displays all this rich
information in an intuitive 3D dashboard that allows
the operator to get a true and real-time overview of
what is happening. This can be used to investigate
whether the control system’s real behavior matches its
intended design.
Darktrace’s Industrial Immune System retains all of the
capabilities of Darktrace in the corporate environment,
and will ideally be deployed observing both the ICS
and corporate networks. The most likely attack vector
for ICS compromise is the IT network. Discovering
threats while still within the corporate network vastly
increases the defense-in-depth of the control system.
This also protects confidential data about the control
system stored on corporate servers, which might
include detailed operational diagrams, device details
or efficiency and safety reports.
Fig. 1 - Threat Visualizer
9. White Paper
9
Insider Threat
Threat from ‘trusted’ insiders is an important consideration for OT environments. Over the long lifecycles
involved with the building and utilization of infrastructure and manufacturing equipment, a large number of
different individuals, including both permanent staff and short-term contracted specialists, will usually have
interacted with control systems. Many of them will have had privileges that allow them to modify configurations
or the underlying software and hardware.
Vetting and training staff can reduce but not eliminate the risk of insider incidents from occurring. These
incidents can be unintentional due to a mistake or intended short-cut that puts something important at risk, or
a deliberate act by a disaffected or ideologically motivated individual. The increased access and organizational
familiarity that insiders have means their malicious actions can be very well targeted and effective at disrupting
operations. They also have a greater ability to interfere with monitoring or masquerade as others, making their
activities harder to identify and attribute.
Insider risk is a serious challenge often underestimated in breadth. When supply chains or contractors are
involved, it becomes impossible to draw a neat line between ‘inside’ and ‘outside’. We need to trust people in
our extended organizations with the access and privilege that they require to do their jobs, but we also need
mechanisms to identify when something is going wrong and needs to be corrected.
Traditional network border defenses such as firewalls perform an important function in a complete cyber-
security solution, but insiders are a key example of their limitations. Insiders do not have to pass through
border defenses to accomplish most of their potential goals, meaning that those defenses have no chance at
all to prevent or identify their actions [14].
Given the complexity and the variety of people and processes that make up an organization, any monitoring
approach needs to start from a complete understanding of what is normal for the unique environment. Only
then can it have the insight to identify subtle patterns and correlated action over time that can be the only
early signs of emerging issues, and allow them to be handled before they become major crises.
10. 10
Conclusion
Businesses face many challenges as we move into an era of ever increasing connectivity and standards of communication.
Those trying to secure industrial control systems as well as corporate networks face additional and substantially different
problems, as the devices involved are far less secure than their corporate counterparts.
There is public evidence of growing motivation and capability of threat actors towards control systems, a trend likely to
continue and brought into sharp focus by the 2014 cyber sabotage of a German steel mill. This attack used state-of-
the-art methods to reach the control system of a target with little political or ideological significance, a combination not
previously observed.
De-risking the OT environment is a perpetual challenge requiring new technologies that will deliver continuous insight
and provide early warning of both indiscriminate and targeted compromises. Total prevention of compromise seems
effectively impossible for the foreseeable future, but prevention of crises is an achievable goal across both corporate IT
and operational technology environments.
A new approach that can manage incidents across corporate IT and OT before they become an operational crisis is
required. With Darktrace’s self-learning immune system, organizations are able to detect and respond to emerging
threats in real-time. Advanced behavioral analysis mathematics can detect even previously unseen novel or tailored
attacks, regardless of whether they originate in the corporate IT or OT domains or traverse between them.
11. White Paper
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Resources
These additional resources, available from our website, complement the information in this white paper.
Data Sheet: Stuxnet Example and Full References
For a detailed example of how Darktrace can detect previously unseen ICS cyber-threats like Stuxnet, and the full list of
supporting references to this White Paper, please email ics@darktrace.com
Data Sheet: Standards and Compliance for ICS: NERC CIP V5
Darktrace Industrial Immune System can help organizations transition to the new cyber-security standards set by the
North American Electric Reliability Corporation can be found at www.darktrace.com/resources/data-sheets
Case Study: Darktrace at Drax
A case study of the use of Darktrace at Drax can be found at www.darktrace.com/resources/case-studies
White Paper: Enterprise Immune System White Paper
A white paper covering the wider use of the Darktrace Enterprise Immune System across a whole organization can be
found at www.darktrace.com/resources/whitepapers