Chapter 6-THEORETICAL & CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

This document discusses the review of related literature and studies portion of a research paper. It defines conceptual literature as non-empirical sources like books and journalism, while research literature refers to empirical studies from published and unpublished local and foreign sources. The purpose of a literature review is to avoid duplication, guide theoretical frameworks, and inform research design choices. A good review uses current, relevant sources and objectively scrutinizes data to allow generalizations. Sources can include theses, books, websites and dictionaries.

This document provides guidance on writing an effective problem statement for a research proposal. It defines a research problem as a situation that needs a solution where possible solutions exist. An effective problem statement clearly describes the issue to be addressed in one sentence, with additional paragraphs elaborating on the problem's importance and context. It should identify the variables of interest and relationship between variables to be studied. The problem statement establishes the foundation for the rest of the proposal by framing the scope and focus of the research. It is important to demonstrate that the problem is worth studying by considering factors like its current relevance, future implications, practical applications, and theoretical significance. The problem statement helps motivate the need for the study and generates the research questions to be answered.

This document provides guidance on writing the first chapter of a research paper, which focuses on describing the problem and its background. The first chapter should include an introduction, background of the study, statement of the problem, significance of the study, and scope and delimitation of the study. It gives examples and considerations for writing each section to clearly define the research problem and explain its importance and limitations.

The document defines and discusses conceptual frameworks. It notes that a conceptual framework 1) explains graphically or in narrative form the key factors, concepts or variables in what is being studied and the relationships between them, 2) represents a way of thinking about a problem or study, and 3) sets the stage for presenting a research question based on a problem statement. A conceptual framework identifies relevant variables, defines them, and shows tentative relationships between dependent and independent variables. It can take the form of equations, diagrams, or descriptions. The development of a conceptual framework is an iterative process that is revisited and revised throughout a research study.

The document discusses conceptual frameworks and how they are formulated for research studies. It provides guidelines for writing qualitative and quantitative research questions and hypotheses. It also discusses how to incorporate theories and place them within research studies. Mixed methods approaches are also covered, including different ways to write research questions and hypotheses for mixed methods designs.

This chapter outlines the methodology used in the study. It will use a descriptive and experimental research method to compare student performance between those receiving blended instruction and traditional textbook instruction. The subjects will be 375 first year students divided into a control group of 185 students receiving traditional instruction and an experimental group of 190 receiving blended instruction across 10 class sections. Data will be collected using pre-tests, post-tests, and a questionnaire to measure student performance and perceptions. Statistical analysis including ANOVA, t-tests, percentages and means will be used to analyze the data.

The document provides information about conceptual frameworks including: - It defines a conceptual framework as a graphical presentation showing the key components and relationships in a research study. - It discusses different purposes of conceptual frameworks such as showing the organization of a study and clarifying relationships between variables. - It provides examples of common conceptual framework models including input-process-output, independent-dependent variable, and criterion-predictor models.

Here are the steps to take to write a literature review: 1. Define your research topic. Your literature review should be focused on a specific area related to your research problem or question. 2. Search academic databases and other sources. Use keywords related to your topic to search databases like Google Scholar, ERIC, PsycINFO, and more. 3. Take detailed notes. As you find relevant sources, take thorough notes including the author, year, title, source, key findings and conclusions. Cite sources using APA or other required style. 4. Organize your sources. Group related sources together around important themes, theories, concepts or debates. This will help structure your review. 5

The document discusses conceptual frameworks, including what they are, how they should be structured, and their purposes. It defines a conceptual framework as a visual or narrative explanation of the key variables or concepts in a study and their relationships. It notes conceptual frameworks should identify relevant variables, define concepts, outline relationships between inputs and outputs, and help explain answers to research questions. The document provides steps for developing a conceptual framework, including identifying concepts, defining and operationalizing them, and showing relationships between variables. It includes an example conceptual framework on women's autonomy in household decision making.

This document defines and provides formulas for several statistical analysis methods: frequency and percentage distribution to calculate percentages for data profiles; mean to calculate the average value; t-test to determine if there are significant differences between the means of two variables; analysis of variance (ANOVA) to determine if frequencies differ significantly among multiple groups; Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient to measure the association between two variables; multiple correlation to test the relationship between independent and dependent variables; and multiple regression to predict dependent variables from independent variables.

This document provides an overview of the research process and guidelines for reviewing related literature. It discusses the importance of reviewing related literature to avoid duplicating past studies and provide context for the research problem. The review of related literature should include recent, objective materials that are directly relevant to the study, such as findings, methods, and conclusions from past investigations. When writing the literature review, the researcher should paraphrase sources, cite authors, include only relevant information, and relate sources to the research topic. The review should have a logical flow and avoid lengthy quotes or a list-like format.

The document describes different types of descriptive research methods: descriptive-survey, descriptive-normative survey, descriptive-status, descriptive-analysis, descriptive-classification, descriptive-evaluative, descriptive-comparative, correlational survey, and longitudinal survey. Each method is defined and an example is provided to illustrate how that particular method would be applied in a research study.

This document discusses factors that influence the career choices of Bachelor of Business Teacher Education (BBTE) students at the Polytechnic University of the Philippines. It provides background on the BBTE program and discusses the study's theoretical framework, which is based on concepts of career education, readiness, and Maslow's hierarchy of needs. The study aims to identify determinants of career path choices between teaching and office work. These determinants are categorized as familial, individual, societal, psychosocial-emotional, and competencies-related factors. The study uses a descriptive research design involving a survey questionnaire. Results could help students, educators, and administrators better understand career choice influences and guide students' professional development.

The document describes a theoretical framework for a study examining the self-care ability of hemodialysis patients with end-stage renal disease. It involves collecting input data on patients' demographics and social support. A questionnaire and descriptive survey will be used to process the data, along with statistical analysis. The output will be an assessment of patients' self-care ability prior to treatment, to inform the development of a teaching plan to improve self-care. Tables and charts are presented to explain the statistical treatment and presentation of results.

This chapter discusses the presentation, analysis, and interpretation of data collected for a research study. It provides guidelines for clearly presenting data through tables, figures, and charts. The data should be sufficient, valid, and accurately presented to answer the research questions. Both quantitative and qualitative analysis may be used depending on the type of data. Analysis involves describing patterns in the data and highlighting significant findings without making conclusions. Interpretation explains the implications of the findings and their connection to previous literature. Proper formatting and labeling of tables, graphs, and figures is also covered to effectively communicate the data.