call for papers, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper, journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJEI, call for papers 2012,journal of science and technolog
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a fuzzy self-adaptive PID controller for temperature control of an electric heating furnace. It begins with an introduction to electric furnaces and challenges with using conventional PID controllers for nonlinear and time-varying temperature processes. It then describes tuning various PID controller gains using algorithms and comparing responses. Next, it designs a fuzzy logic controller and fuzzy-PID controller for the system using MATLAB/Simulink. Membership functions and fuzzy rules are defined for the fuzzy inference systems. The results show that the proposed fuzzy self-adaptive PID controller provides the best dynamic performance for temperature control of the electric furnace.
This document describes a PIC microcontroller and PC-based system using multiple gas sensors and artificial intelligence techniques for gas identification. Five commercial gas sensors are used to detect methane, carbon monoxide, and LPG at different concentrations and temperatures. The microcontroller collects analog voltage output from the sensors. Artificial neural networks are trained on the sensor data to identify gases based on patterns in responses to varying parameters like concentration, temperature, and load resistance. Experimental results show the sensors have different sensitivities to different gases and temperatures. The neural network approach can accurately predict gas concentrations online based on the sensor behavior patterns extracted during experiments. This system improves gas detection sensitivity and selectivity with high accuracy.
This document discusses computer simulation of induction heating processes. It provides an overview of the benefits of computer simulation for induction heating and describes various induction heating computer simulation software packages. It also presents a case study comparing different induction coil designs for seam annealing through computer simulation and discusses the conclusions of the study.
This document discusses thermal and energy management techniques for integrated circuits. It begins by outlining the issues caused by increasing power densities in chips, such as high temperatures negatively impacting reliability. It then reviews various methodologies for mitigating thermal and energy problems, including thermal-aware chip design, runtime thermal management techniques like heat balancing and throttling, and energy-aware computing approaches like dynamic voltage and frequency scaling. Several papers that propose algorithms for thermal-aware and energy-aware task scheduling are also summarized and compared. The document concludes that thermal management techniques generally outperform energy techniques, and that runtime methods provide fine-grained control but have overhead.
An Adaptive Soft Calibration Technique for Thermocouples using Optimized ANN
Design of an adaptive soft calibration technique
for temperature measurement using Thermocouple by an
optimized Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is reported in this
paper. The objectives of the present work are: (i) to extend the
linearity range of measurement to 100% of full scale input
range, (ii) to make the measurement technique adaptive to
variations in temperature coefficients, and (iii) to achieve
objectives (i) and (ii) using an optimized neural network.
Optimized neural network model is designed with various
algorithms, and transfer functions of neuron considering a
particular scheme. The output of Thermocouple is of the order
of milli volts. It is converted to voltage by using a suitable data
conversion unit. A suitable optimized ANN is added in place of
conventional calibration circuit. ANN is trained, tested with
simulated data considering variations in temperature
coefficients. Results show that the proposed technique has
fulfilled the objectives.
New Magnetodielectric Materials for Magnetic Flux Control
http://fluxtrol.com
Magnetodielectric materials play an important role in improvement of induction systems for heat treatment, brazing, soldering, sealing and other technologies. This presentation is a continuation of the report made at HIS-01. Current report shows the results of development of new magnetodielectric materials for magnetic flux control and intensive study of their properties.
Enhancing the Performance of An Industrial Boiler Using Fuzzy Logic Controller
This paper focus on the performance of an industrial boiler using fuzzy logic controller. The parameter of the
various industrial boilers are subjected to the change due to change in the environment or atmosphere. These
parameter may be categorized as steam, pressure and temperature of the industrial boiler in use. In this paper
work, a strategy of fuzzy logic controller called fuzzy supervisory is used which generates set points for the
conventional controllers. This work also compared the performance of a boiler evaporator system when the
system is controlled by a traditional proportional integral derivatives type strategy and when the system is
controlled using fuzzy logic blocs to provide set point for it. The main change consists of representing only the
behaviour of the drum evaporator system having a partial model of the combustion process with a simplified
combustion control system and a three element boiler feed water receives a supervisory signal that comes from
fuzzy logic to improve the performance of the overall control system.
The use of ekf to estimate the transient thermal behaviour of induction motor...
This document summarizes a journal article that examines using an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) to estimate the transient thermal behavior of an induction motor drive without sensors. It first reviews common thermal modeling methods for induction motors, including simple, finite element, and electrical equivalent circuit models. It then presents the authors' thermal model of the induction motor in state-space form, incorporating linear relationships between resistance and temperature, power losses, heat transfer, and temperature rise in the stator and rotor. The resulting state equations can be used by the EKF for sensorless estimation of temperatures and resistances.
The document discusses combining cogeneration (COGEN) with compressed air energy storage (CAES) to improve energy efficiency. It explains that COGEN captures waste heat from electricity production, while CAES has 70% round-trip efficiency. The combination provides better efficiency than either alone. It also describes using the heat of air compression in CAES, then recovering work from the compressed air. This yields total recovered heat and electricity greater than the input, allowing over 100% efficient energy storage. Diagrams show the thermodynamic processes and potential system design.
Optimal tuning of proportional integral controller for fixed-speed wind turb...
This document presents an optimal tuning method for a proportional integral (PI) controller for a fixed-speed wind turbine using the grey wolf optimizer (GWO). The GWO is proposed to address limitations in other algorithms like genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) that can converge too quickly into local optima. The GWO, PSO, and GA are implemented to minimize an objective function and search for optimal PI gains. Results show the GWO computes the smallest objective function value and exhibits faster convergence and better time response compared to PSO and GA.
AN EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN & ANALYSIS OF PORTABLE USB POWERED THERMO ELECTRIC COOLERPranavNavathe
Refrigerators are energy consuming home appliances and for this reason researchers are performed to enhance performance work of the refrigeration systems. Most of research work done so far deals with an objective of low energy consumption and refrigeration enchantment. Thermoelectric refrigeration is one of the techniques to produce refrigeration effect. This project demonstrates how far thermoelectric refrigeration can be modified to produce refrigeration effect with low power input and high cooling effect.
In this project a portable thermoelectric (Peltier) cooler is designed and fabricated for multipurpose use (Like beverage cooling, water cooling, and milk storage). It is operated on USB with low power, portable in nature and compact in seize. This project carries out cooling effect analysis, steady state heat transfer finite element analysis on different water bottle materials with different heat transfer plates, thermal insulation jacket in ANSYS R19 workbench. Power consumption of this device and its performance is experimented and calculated with practical model on DC-DC to boost converter, also TEC inter components CFD analysis done in ANSYS Fluent.
Keywords: Peltier Module, USB, DC-DC Boost Converter, Heat Transfer Plates, Thermal insulation Jacket, Steady State Heat Transfer Finite Element Analysis, CFD Analysis, ANSYS Fluent.
Recent advances in semiconductor technology show the improvement of fabrication on
electronics appliances in terms of performance, power density and even the size. This great achievement
however led to some major problems on thermal and heat distribution of the electronic devices. This
thermal problem could reduce the efficiency and reliability of the electronic devices. In order to minimize
this thermal problem, an optimal cooling techniques need to be applied during the operation. There are
various cooling techniques have been used and one of them is passive pin fin heat sink approach. This
paper focuses on inline pin fin heat sink, which use copper material with different shapes of pin fin and a
constant 5.5W heat sources. The simulation model has been formulated using COMSOL Multiphysics
software to stimulate the pin fin design, study the thermal distribution and the maximum heat profile.
Cfd analysis of calandria based nuclear reactor part ii. parametric analysis ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
This document describes a PIC microcontroller and PC-based system using multiple gas sensors and artificial intelligence techniques for gas identification. Five commercial gas sensors are used to detect methane, carbon monoxide, and LPG at different concentrations and temperatures. The microcontroller collects analog voltage output from the sensors. Artificial neural networks are trained on the sensor data to identify gases based on patterns in responses to varying parameters like concentration, temperature, and load resistance. Experimental results show the sensors have different sensitivities to different gases and temperatures. The neural network approach can accurately predict gas concentrations online based on the sensor behavior patterns extracted during experiments. This system improves gas detection sensitivity and selectivity with high accuracy.
Computer Simulation of Induction Heating ProcessFluxtrol Inc.
This document discusses computer simulation of induction heating processes. It provides an overview of the benefits of computer simulation for induction heating and describes various induction heating computer simulation software packages. It also presents a case study comparing different induction coil designs for seam annealing through computer simulation and discusses the conclusions of the study.
This document discusses thermal and energy management techniques for integrated circuits. It begins by outlining the issues caused by increasing power densities in chips, such as high temperatures negatively impacting reliability. It then reviews various methodologies for mitigating thermal and energy problems, including thermal-aware chip design, runtime thermal management techniques like heat balancing and throttling, and energy-aware computing approaches like dynamic voltage and frequency scaling. Several papers that propose algorithms for thermal-aware and energy-aware task scheduling are also summarized and compared. The document concludes that thermal management techniques generally outperform energy techniques, and that runtime methods provide fine-grained control but have overhead.
An Adaptive Soft Calibration Technique for Thermocouples using Optimized ANNidescitation
Design of an adaptive soft calibration technique
for temperature measurement using Thermocouple by an
optimized Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is reported in this
paper. The objectives of the present work are: (i) to extend the
linearity range of measurement to 100% of full scale input
range, (ii) to make the measurement technique adaptive to
variations in temperature coefficients, and (iii) to achieve
objectives (i) and (ii) using an optimized neural network.
Optimized neural network model is designed with various
algorithms, and transfer functions of neuron considering a
particular scheme. The output of Thermocouple is of the order
of milli volts. It is converted to voltage by using a suitable data
conversion unit. A suitable optimized ANN is added in place of
conventional calibration circuit. ANN is trained, tested with
simulated data considering variations in temperature
coefficients. Results show that the proposed technique has
fulfilled the objectives.
New Magnetodielectric Materials for Magnetic Flux ControlFluxtrol Inc.
http://fluxtrol.com
Magnetodielectric materials play an important role in improvement of induction systems for heat treatment, brazing, soldering, sealing and other technologies. This presentation is a continuation of the report made at HIS-01. Current report shows the results of development of new magnetodielectric materials for magnetic flux control and intensive study of their properties.
Enhancing the Performance of An Industrial Boiler Using Fuzzy Logic ControllerIJMREMJournal
This paper focus on the performance of an industrial boiler using fuzzy logic controller. The parameter of the
various industrial boilers are subjected to the change due to change in the environment or atmosphere. These
parameter may be categorized as steam, pressure and temperature of the industrial boiler in use. In this paper
work, a strategy of fuzzy logic controller called fuzzy supervisory is used which generates set points for the
conventional controllers. This work also compared the performance of a boiler evaporator system when the
system is controlled by a traditional proportional integral derivatives type strategy and when the system is
controlled using fuzzy logic blocs to provide set point for it. The main change consists of representing only the
behaviour of the drum evaporator system having a partial model of the combustion process with a simplified
combustion control system and a three element boiler feed water receives a supervisory signal that comes from
fuzzy logic to improve the performance of the overall control system.
The use of ekf to estimate the transient thermal behaviour of induction motor...Mellah Hacene
This document summarizes a journal article that examines using an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) to estimate the transient thermal behavior of an induction motor drive without sensors. It first reviews common thermal modeling methods for induction motors, including simple, finite element, and electrical equivalent circuit models. It then presents the authors' thermal model of the induction motor in state-space form, incorporating linear relationships between resistance and temperature, power losses, heat transfer, and temperature rise in the stator and rotor. The resulting state equations can be used by the EKF for sensorless estimation of temperatures and resistances.
The document discusses combining cogeneration (COGEN) with compressed air energy storage (CAES) to improve energy efficiency. It explains that COGEN captures waste heat from electricity production, while CAES has 70% round-trip efficiency. The combination provides better efficiency than either alone. It also describes using the heat of air compression in CAES, then recovering work from the compressed air. This yields total recovered heat and electricity greater than the input, allowing over 100% efficient energy storage. Diagrams show the thermodynamic processes and potential system design.
Optimal tuning of proportional integral controller for fixed-speed wind turb...IJECEIAES
This document presents an optimal tuning method for a proportional integral (PI) controller for a fixed-speed wind turbine using the grey wolf optimizer (GWO). The GWO is proposed to address limitations in other algorithms like genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) that can converge too quickly into local optima. The GWO, PSO, and GA are implemented to minimize an objective function and search for optimal PI gains. Results show the GWO computes the smallest objective function value and exhibits faster convergence and better time response compared to PSO and GA.
This document discusses analyzing the error of thermocouples using a controlled temperature profile method. Thermocouples are placed inside a controlled heating profile and their readings are collected over time as the thermocouples degrade. The readings are analyzed using various signal processing techniques like smoothing, FFT filtering, and outlier detection to characterize thermocouple drift and error. Experimental results like temperature readings, outlier detection, and histograms are presented and compared to theoretical models of thermocouple error. The controlled temperature profile method allows more accurate analysis of thermocouple error compared to traditional calibration methods.
The document discusses heat sink design for cooling electronic systems. It compares different design parameters for heat sinks such as fin material, shape, layout, working fluid, and forcing mechanism. Two solutions are proposed to achieve heat fluxes of 2 kW/m^2 and 200 kW/m^2. Sample calculations are shown for a solution using aluminum fins cooled by forced air to achieve a heat flux of 209.377 kW/m^2.
Design and fabrication of a low cost data logger for solar energy parametersAlexander Decker
This document summarizes the design and fabrication of a low-cost data logger to measure solar energy parameters. A printed circuit board was designed with a microcontroller as the central processing unit. Sensors were used to measure temperature with an LM35 sensor and solar voltage variations from a solar panel. The data logger successfully logged temperature and solar voltage data over three days, with results consistent with normal weather conditions. The design of an affordable data logger on a single board allows for monitoring of solar energy availability.
The document summarizes an experimental and theoretical study of heat transfer by natural convection of a commercially available heat sink used for cooling an electronic chip. Experiments were conducted where electrical heating was used to supply heat to the heat sink and temperature measurements were taken at different locations. A theoretical 2D model was also developed using finite volume discretization to model heat transfer through the base plate. Heat transfer coefficients were calculated from the experimental temperatures and compared to theoretical predictions. The study aimed to analyze heat transfer of the heat sink and compare experimental and theoretical temperature results.
IRJET- Thermal Analysis and Optimisation of Ceramic Heating Pads for Small Tu...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the thermal analysis and optimization of ceramic heating pads used for stress relieving small tubes. Ceramic heating pads contain nickel-chrome wire and ceramic beads for producing heat up to 1000°C. When used on small tubes, the flat ceramic beads do not allow for complete wrapping. Changing the beads to a curved shape allows for uniform heat transfer and easier wrapping on tubes as small as 30-100mm in diameter. Thermal analysis shows the curved beads can produce temperatures of 1200°C internally and 950°C externally, achieving the required stress relieving temperatures in a more efficient manner.
aseminar report on magnetic refrigerationhardik9343
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on magnetic refrigeration. It discusses the history of magnetic refrigeration dating back to 1881 when the magneto-caloric effect was discovered. It then provides an overview of how magnetic refrigeration works using the magneto-caloric effect found in solid state refrigerants. The objectives of magnetic refrigeration are to develop more efficient and cost effective small scale hydrogen liquefiers as an alternative to traditional vapor-compression cycles.
Performance analysis of partially covered photovoltaic thermal (pvt) water co...eSAT Journals
This document analyzes the performance of a partially covered photovoltaic thermal (PVT) water collector system in Bhopal, India. The maximum temperature of the hot water from the system was 47.5°C. The average thermal efficiency was over 50%, the electrical efficiency was around 6.39%, and the overall efficiency exceeded 56.49%. Exergy efficiency, a measure of the system's ability to convert solar radiation into usable energy, was found to exceed 9.48%. The study concluded that a PVT system can improve overall energy yield per unit area by capturing both thermal and electrical energy from solar radiation.
This document presents a framework for optimizing transportation costs when supplying resources to construction sites. It identifies renewable and non-renewable resources and considers the locations of storage facilities and construction sites. The objective is to minimize total transportation costs by determining optimal quantities to ship from each storage location to each site. A mathematical model is formulated to represent the transportation costs as a function of shipping quantities between sources and sinks, subject to supply and demand constraints. The model aims to develop a tradeoff between transportation costs and transshipment quantities for efficiently supplying resources in construction projects.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes using a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to design hybrid active power filters (HAPFs) for 3-phase 4-wire power systems with variable and nonlinear loads. The objectives are to minimize harmonic distortion, reactive power capacity, and costs while satisfying constraints. PSO is applied to find optimal filter parameters and component ratings. Simulation results show PSO designs outperform conventional trial-and-error methods in meeting standards for harmonic mitigation and power factor correction.
The document compares the low field electron transport properties in compounds of groups III-V semiconductors by solving the Boltzmann equation using an iterative technique. It calculates the temperature and doping dependencies of electron mobility in InP, InAs, GaP and GaAs. The electron mobility decreases with increasing temperature from 100K to 500K for each material due to increased electron-phonon scattering. Electron mobility also increases significantly with higher doping concentration at low temperatures. The iterative results show good agreement with other calculations and experiments. Electron mobility is highest in InAs and lowest in GaP at 300K, due to differences in their effective masses.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
This document presents a comparison of PID and fuzzy PID controllers for position control of a DC motor. It first describes the modeling of a DC motor transfer function. It then provides details on designing a PID controller using Ziegler-Nichols tuning methods. A fuzzy PID controller is also designed using triangular membership functions for error and change in error inputs. Simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink show that the fuzzy PID controller provides better tracking of setpoint changes with less overshoot compared to the ZN-tuned PID controller. The fuzzy PID controller therefore demonstrates better performance for position control of DC motors.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes using the firefly algorithm to solve the NP-hard optimization problem of assigning cells in a cellular network to switches in a way that minimizes total costs. The total cost includes handoff costs for calls between adjacent cells and cabling costs for connecting cells to switches, subject to constraints like switch capacity. It describes modeling the problem mathematically and comparing the firefly algorithm to the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. The firefly algorithm is shown to solve the cell-to-switch assignment problem faster than existing approaches like PSO.
This document discusses methods for interpolating rainfall data using modified inverse distance weighting (MIDW) techniques. It examines four general forms of the MIDW method where the effects of distance and elevation difference can take positive or negative weights. The authors apply genetic algorithms to optimize the MIDW interpolation equation regionally and compare integrated vs. separated dimensionless weighting approaches. Daily rainfall data from 49 stations in the Mashhad plain catchment area of Iran over 16 years is analyzed. The results show that accounting for elevation improves interpolation and that regional optimization of the MIDW method leads to better performance than local optimization.
This document summarizes previous research on the deformation of endodontic obturator tips using finite element modeling (FEM). It discusses how FEM has been used to analyze stress distributions and deformation patterns in gutta percha cutter tips when subjected to thermal and mechanical loads. The document reviews literature on using tools like ANSYS to model different tip geometries and materials. It also discusses how FEM can help optimize tip design by predicting failure modes and analyzing stresses under various loading conditions. FEM is presented as an effective tool for analyzing complex dental structures when direct measurement is difficult.
This document discusses implementing trust in cloud computing using public key infrastructure (PKI). It begins by providing background on PKI and how it uses public/private key cryptography to provide security services like authentication, confidentiality, and integrity. It then discusses cloud computing models and the Windows Azure platform. The paper proposes three trust models using PKI: 1) a public root CA and public CA, 2) a public root CA and enterprise CA, and 3) an enterprise root CA and enterprise CA. It details methodologies for implementing each model to establish trust between cloud services and customers. The enterprise root CA model provides the most security and trust but has higher costs and complexity.
The document summarizes a research paper that proposes a new topology for a DSTATCOM (Distribution Static Compensator) to improve power quality in three-phase four-wire distribution systems. The proposed topology integrates a three-leg voltage source converter with a T-connected transformer. This helps mitigate neutral current and allows the DSTATCOM to compensate for load harmonics, reactive power, and imbalance. The design and control strategy of the DSTATCOM are described. Its performance is validated using MATLAB simulation for applications like power factor correction and voltage regulation along with neutral current compensation and harmonic reduction with nonlinear loads.
call for papers, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper, ...
Similar to call for papers, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper, journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJEI, call for papers 2012,journal of science and technolog
The application of Self-adaptive Fuzzy PID control the evaporator superheatIJRES Journal
In view of the characteristics of the cold storage refrigeration system, such as nonlinear, time-varying and coupling, the traditional PID control accuracy is low, this study adopted the method of adaptive Fuzzy PID to control the superheat of the evaporator outlet. Fuzzy PID controller can adjust the parameters according to the deviation and deviation rat. It can avoid the disadvantages of traditional PID controller that it cannot adjust control parameters according to operating conditions.
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering(IOSR-JECE) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electronics and communication engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electronics and communication engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
This document describes using simulated annealing to tune the parameters of a PID controller (Kp, Ki, Kd) for a stable linear time-invariant system. It evaluates the PID controller performance using four error criteria: ISE, IAE, ITAE, and MSE. The simulated annealing algorithm iteratively adjusts the PID parameters to minimize an objective function based on the selected error criteria. It finds that ITAE criteria results in the minimum objective function value with no overshoot or undershoot and a settling time of 2.2641e-005 seconds.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
DC Motor Speed Control for a Plant Based On PID Controllerpaperpublications3
Abstract: This paper aims is to design a controller for controlling the speed of DC motor .The effects of the controller on motor speed is analyzed .Automatic tuning of the controller is also introduce for efficient control of the process .The tuning is implemented using Ziegler Nichols method and results are compared with Variation in speed without controller.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Long term temperature stability of thermal cycler developed using low profil...IJECEIAES
Developing a low-cost thermal cycler for a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is becoming interested in the pandemic era caused by viruses. PCR is the standard gold for the diagnostic. However, in a low-income country, the availability of the device is limited. In this work, the development of a thermal cycler uses electronic modules available in the market. The central part is thermoelectric for heating and cooling, an embedded system to control, and a low-profile cooling fan. The system temperature control used a combination of feedforward, bang-bang, and proportional-integralderivative (PID) control. The control parameter of the PID was successfully obtained by using Chien servo tuning. The feedforward and bang-bang control are used to optimize the cooling cycle and minimize the rise time. The system shows a well-suited temperature accuracy at the denaturation, annealing, and extension temperature with a temperature deviation of less than 0.5 °C. System performance is maintained even though the system has been running non-stop for 24 hours. The low-profile cooling fan, which is usually used for CPU cooling, shows good results in maintaining temperature stability.
Computer Science
Active and Programmable Networks
Active safety systems
Ad Hoc & Sensor Network
Ad hoc networks for pervasive communications
Adaptive, autonomic and context-aware computing
Advance Computing technology and their application
Advanced Computing Architectures and New Programming Models
Advanced control and measurement
Aeronautical Engineering,
Agent-based middleware
Alert applications
Automotive, marine and aero-space control and all other control applications
Autonomic and self-managing middleware
Autonomous vehicle
Biochemistry
Bioinformatics
BioTechnology(Chemistry, Mathematics, Statistics, Geology)
Broadband and intelligent networks
Broadband wireless technologies
CAD/CAM/CAT/CIM
Call admission and flow/congestion control
Capacity planning and dimensioning
Changing Access to Patient Information
Channel capacity modelling and analysis
Civil Engineering,
Cloud Computing and Applications
Collaborative applications
Communication application
Communication architectures for pervasive computing
Communication systems
Computational intelligence
Computer and microprocessor-based control
Computer Architecture and Embedded Systems
Computer Business
Computer Sciences and Applications
Computer Vision
Computer-based information systems in health care
Computing Ethics
Computing Practices & Applications
Congestion and/or Flow Control
Content Distribution
Context-awareness and middleware
Creativity in Internet management and retailing
Cross-layer design and Physical layer based issue
Cryptography
Data Base Management
Data fusion
Data Mining
Data retrieval
Data Storage Management
Decision analysis methods
Decision making
Digital Economy and Digital Divide
Digital signal processing theory
Distributed Sensor Networks
Drives automation
Drug Design,
Drug Development
DSP implementation
E-Business
E-Commerce
E-Government
Electronic transceiver device for Retail Marketing Industries
Electronics Engineering,
Embeded Computer System
Emerging advances in business and its applications
Emerging signal processing areas
Enabling technologies for pervasive systems
Energy-efficient and green pervasive computing
Environmental Engineering,
Estimation and identification techniques
Evaluation techniques for middleware solutions
Event-based, publish/subscribe, and message-oriented middleware
Evolutionary computing and intelligent systems
Expert approaches
Facilities planning and management
Flexible manufacturing systems
Formal methods and tools for designing
Fuzzy algorithms
Fuzzy logics
GPS and location-based app
This document summarizes a study that optimizes PID controller parameters for load frequency control in a four-area interconnected power system using particle swarm optimization. The four-area system includes thermal, thermal with reheat, hydro, and gas power plants. PID controllers are used for each area. Particle swarm optimization is used to minimize the integral of squared error performance index by optimizing the PID parameters. Simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink demonstrate improved regulation of frequency deviations and tie-line power flows with the optimized PID controllers.
Design of Controllers for Continuous Stirred Tank ReactorIAES-IJPEDS
The objective of the project is to design various controllers for temperature control in Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) systems. Initially Zeigler-Nichols, modified Zeigler-Nichols, Tyreus-Luyben, Shen-Yu and IMC based method of tuned Proportional Integral (PI) controller is designed and comparisons are made with Fuzzy Logic Controller. Simulations are carried out and responses are obtained for the above controllers. Maximum peak overshoot, Settling time, Rise time, ISE, IAE are chosen as performance index. From the analysis it is found that the Fuzzy Logic Controller is a promising controller than the conventional controllers.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Performance Based Comparison Between Various Z-N Tuninng PID And Fuzzy Logic ...ijsc
The objective of this paper is to compare the time specification performance between conventional
controller and Fuzzy Logic controller in position control system of a DC motor. The scope of this research
is to apply direct control technique in position control system. Two types of controller namely PID and
fuzzy logic PID controller will be used to control the output response. This paper was written to reflect on
the work done on the implementation of a fuzzy logic PID controller. The fuzzy controller was used to
control the position of a motor which can be considered for a general basis in any project design
containing logic control. Motor parameters were taken from a datasheet with respect to a real motor and a
simulated model was developed using Matlab Simulink Toolbox. The fuzzy control was also designed using
the Fuzzy Control Toolbox provided within Matlab, with each rule consisting of fuzzy sets conditioned to
provide appropriate response times with regards to the limitations of our chosen motor. The Fuzzy
Inference Engine chosen for our control was the Mamdani Minimum Inference engine. The results of the
control provided response times suitable for our application.
MODEL BASED ANALYSIS OF TEMPERATURE PROCESS UNDER VARIOUS CONTROL STRATEGIES ...Journal For Research
This paper analyze the temperature process in an empirical model. From the empirical model the system behavior is determined by transfer function and the basic controller strategies Ziegler-Nichols & Cohen-Coon method are implemented in it. With these tuning methods the best control strategies are obtained at the final stage by interfacing the system with NI-myRIO kit.
Performance based Comparison between Various Z-N Tuninng PID and Fuzzy Logic ...ijsc
The objective of this paper is to compare the time specification performance between conventional controller and Fuzzy Logic controller in position control system of a DC motor. The scope of this research is to apply direct control technique in position control system. Two types of controller namely PID and fuzzy logic PID controller will be used to control the output response. This paper was written to reflect on the work done on the implementation of a fuzzy logic PID controller. The fuzzy controller was used to control the position of a motor which can be considered for a general basis in any project design containing logic control. Motor parameters were taken from a datasheet with respect to a real motor and a simulated model was developed using Matlab Simulink Toolbox. The fuzzy control was also designed using the Fuzzy Control Toolbox provided within Matlab, with each rule consisting of fuzzy sets conditioned to provide appropriate response times with regards to the limitations of our chosen motor. The Fuzzy Inference Engine chosen for our control was the Mamdani Minimum Inference engine. The results of the control provided response times suitable for our application.
A fuzzy-PID controller in shell and tube heat exchanger simulation modeled f...nooriasukmaningtyas
Shell and tube heat exchanger are the most generally utilized types of heat exchanger for heat transfer in many industrial purposes. Shell and tube heat exchanger comprise a set of units. One unit includes mechanical parts and another unit consists of controlling part. Both the unit has to be modelled to ensure the efficient operation of shell and tube heat exchanger. The mechanical modelling is completely established on the type of applications. The controller modelling is independent of the kind of applications. The controller only needs the input fluid and output fluid properties such as temperature and flow rate. Hence the primary objective of the paper is to focus on the controller part for enhancing the heat exchanger performance. This paper proposes the novel fuzzy-PID controlling technique based on the multiplication operation to make the settling time and overshoot of setpoint temperature to be less to a greater extent and the results are compared with the conventional PI method with various tuning algorithms.
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Temperature Control System Using Pid ControllerMasum Parvej
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1. International Journal of Engineering Inventions
ISSN: 2278-7461, www.ijeijournal.com
Volume 1, Issue 5 (September2012) PP: 10-21
Fuzzy Self-Adaptive PID Controller Design for Electric Heating
Furnace
Dr. K Babulu1, D. Kranthi Kumar2
1
Professor and HOD, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Kakinada (JNTUK), Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India.
2
Project Associate, Department of ECE,
Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Kakinada (JNTUK), Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Abstract––This paper deals with the importance of fuzzy logic based self-adaptive PID controller in the application of
temperature process control of an electric heating furnace [1]. Generally, it is necessary to maintain the proper
temperature in the heating furnace. In common, PID controller is used as a process controller in the industries. But it is
very difficult to set the proper controller gains. Also because of nonlinear and large inertia characteristics of the
controller [2], often it doesn’t produce satisfactory results. Hence, the research is going on for finding proper methods for
overcoming these problems. Taking this aspect into consideration, this paper proposes methods to choose the optimum
values for controller gains (proportional, integral, and derivative), fuzzy logic based intelligent controller and also fuzzy
logic based self-adaptive PID controller for temperature process control. This paper comprises the comparison of
dynamic performance analysis of Conventional PID controller, fuzzy based intelligent controller and fuzzy based self-
adaptive PID controller. The whole system is simulated by using MATLAB/Simulink software. And the results show that
the proposed fuzzy based self- adaptive PID controller [3] has best dynamic performance, rapidity and good robustness.
Keywords––Electric heating furnace, PID tuning methods, Fuzzy based self-adaptive PID controller, Mat lab, Simulink.
I. INTRODUCTION
The term electric furnace refers to a system that uses the electrical energy as the source of heat. Electric furnaces
are used to make the objects to the desired shapes by heating the solid materials below their melting point temperatures.
Based on the process in which the electrical energy converted into heat, electric furnaces are classified as electric resistance
furnaces, electric induction furnaces etc. In industries, the electric furnaces are used for brazing, annealing, carburizing,
forging, galvanizing, melting, hardening, enameling, sintering, and tempering metals, copper, steel and iron and alloys of
magnesium.
Figure.1 shows the schematic diagram for Electric arc furnace. There are three vertical rods inserted into the
chamber act as electrodes. When current is passed through them, they produce arc between them. Material to be heated
(steel) is placed in between the electrodes touching the arc. This arc is produced until the material reaches the desired
temperature. Then the molten steel can be collected at bottom of the chamber. There are two types of arcs. Those are direct
arc and indirect arc. The direct arc is produced between the electrodes and the charge making charge as a part of the electric
circuit. The indirect arc is produced between the electrodes and heats the material to be heated. Open arc furnaces, DC
furnaces, arc-resistance furnace etc. comes under direct arc furnaces.
Figure.1 Electric arc furnace
In general, the in industries, PID (Proportional + Integral +Derivative) controller is used for process control
because of good characteristics like high reliability, good in stability, and simple in algorithm. However, controlling with
PID is a crisp control; the setting of values for gain parameters is quite a difficult and time consuming task. Often, response
10
2. Fuzzy Self-Adaptive PID Controller Design for Electric Heating Furnace
with PID controller [5] has large peak overshoots. Many papers have proposed different tuning algorithms to reduce this
problem. But still it is a challenging task to set PID gains.
PID controller is suitable only for linear systems with known mathematical models. But controlling of temperature of electric
furnace is a non-linear, time delay time varying. Hence, conventional PID controllers can‟t produce satisfactory results when
it is used to control the temperature of the electric furnace.
To get rid out of this problem, this introduces fuzzy logic controller to control the temperature. But still it has steady state
error. To reduce this error, this paper also introduces self-adaptive PID controller based on fuzzy to get the best performance
of the system. In self-adaptive fuzzy controller, PID gain parameters are tuned by fuzzy controller.
The temperature process [1] of an electric furnace is a common controlled object in temperature control system. It can be
shown mathematically by a first order system transfer function. This is given by the equation.1
K
G( S ) e S (1)
TS 1
Hence, the transfer function for the given electric arc furnace system is given by the equation.2
1
G(S ) e 1.8 S (2)
11S 1
Where,
Delay time (τ) = 1.8 sec
Time constant (T) = 11 sec
Static gain (K) =1
II. PID CONTROLLER DESIGN WITH TUNING ALGORITHMS
A simple controller widely used in industries is PID controller. But, the selection of values for the PID gains is
always a tough task. Hence, in this paper, some algorithms are discussed to tune the PID gain parameters. They are given
below.
Pessen‟s tuning algorithm
Continuous cycling tuning algorithm
Tyreus-luyben tuning algorithm
Damped cycling tuning algorithm
The procedural steps for applying pessen‟s, continuous cycling and damped cycling tuning algorithms are as follows.
Step-1: Design the system with only proportional controller with unity feedback.
Step-2: Adjust the proportional gain value until the system exhibits the sustained oscillations.
Step-3: This gain value represents critical gain (KC) of the system. Note the time period of oscillations (TC). This time
represents the critical time period.
Step-4: From these KC and TC values, calculate PID parameter gains. [7, 15]
The procedural steps for applying damped cycling tuning algorithm are as follows.
Step-1: Design the system with only proportional controller with unity feedback.
Step-2: Make sure that the P-control is working with SP changes as well as with preset value changes.
Step-3: Put controller in automatic mode to obtain damped cycling.
Step-4: Apply a step change to the SP and observe how the preset value settles.
Step-5: Adjust the proportional gain of the system until damped oscillations occurs. This gain value represents KC
Step-6: From the response, note the values of first and second peak overshoots and then calculate PID gain parameters.
[15]
Figure.2 Conventional PID controller design
11
3. Fuzzy Self-Adaptive PID Controller Design for Electric Heating Furnace
Figure.2 shows the conventional PID controller design. The values of KP, KI and KD that are calculated from the algorithms
are applied to the model and observed the responses. Table.1 gives the values for PID gain parameters calculated from all
tuning methods. The responses with different algorithms are shown in figures [11-15].
TABLE.1 PID GAIN PARAMETER VALUES
S.
Method Name KP TI KI TD KD
No.
Pessen‟s
1 3.432 3.4 1.009 2.266 7.776
method
Continuous
2 2.08 6.8 0.305 3.266 4.713
cycling
Tyreus-
3 4.68 14.96 0.312 1.079 50.127
luyben
Damped
4 9.324 2.33 2.354 0.252 5.484
cycling
III. SYSTEM DESIGN WITH FUZZY LOGIC CONTROLLER
Fuzzy logic control [14] can be used even when the process is a non-linear, time varying. The control temperature
of the electric furnace is a non-linear. Hence, we can apply fuzzy control to the temperature process control. Fuzzy control
has become one of the most successful methods to design a sophisticated control system. It fills the gap in the engineering
tools which are left vacant by purely mathematical and purely intelligent approaches in the design of the system. A fuzzy
control system is the one that is designed on fuzzy logic. The fuzzy logic system is a mathematical system that analyses the
input analog values in terms of logical values between 0 and 1 as shown in figure.3
Figure.3 Difference between crisp and fuzzy
Figure.4 shows the elements of a fuzzy logic system. Fuzzy logic defines the control logic in a linguistic level. But
the input values (Measured variables) are generally in numerical. So, Fuzzification needs to be done. Fuzzification is a
process of converting numerical values of measured variable to the linguistic values. Fuzzy inference structure converts the
measured variables to command variables according its structure.
Figure.4 Basic elements of a fuzzy logic system
Figure.5 shows the MATLAB model of the system fuzzy logic controller. It takes two inputs namely error signal and
change in error.
12
4. Fuzzy Self-Adaptive PID Controller Design for Electric Heating Furnace
Figure.5 MATLAB/Simulink model for Fuzzy logic controller
[1] Fuzzy membership functions
Fuzzy set is described by its membership functions [16]. It categorizes the element in the set, whether continuous
or discrete. The membership functions can be represented by using graphs. There are some constraints regarding usage of the
shapes. The rules that are to be written to characterize the fuzziness are also fuzzy. The shape of the membership function to
be considered is one of the important criteria. Membership function is represented by a Greek symbol “µ”. The commonly
used shapes for the membership functions are triangular, Gaussian and trapezoidal. Gaussian shape membership function is
preferred for temperature process control. But for temperature control in electric furnace it is better to consider the triangular
membership functions which is similar to Gaussian function to make the computation relatively simple. Figure.6 shows the
selection of membership functions for the input and outputs for the fuzzy logic controller. Figure.7 shows the input
membership function editor for fuzzy logic controller.
Figure.6 Selection inputs/outputs for designing fuzzy inference structure for fuzzy logic controller
Figure.7 Membership function editor for fuzzy logic controller
The basic methods for fuzzification are sugeno and mamdani. And some defuzzification methods are middle of
maximum, quality method, mean of maxima, first of maximum, semi linear defuzzification, last of maximum, center of
gravity, fuzzy clustering defuzzification, and adaptive integration. This paper uses the mamdani fuzzification method.
13
5. Fuzzy Self-Adaptive PID Controller Design for Electric Heating Furnace
[2] Fuzzy inference structure
The steps performed by the fuzzy rule based inference structure are given as follows [13]
Fuzzification: It is a mapping from the observed input to the fuzzy sets. The input data match the condition of the fuzzy
rules. Therefore, fuzzification is a mapping to the unit hypercube 0 and 1.
Inference Process: It is a decision making logic which determines fuzzified inputs corresponding to fuzzy outputs,
according with the Fuzzy rules.
Defuzzification: It produces a non-fuzzy output, for application purpose that needs a crisp output. This process is used to
convert a Fuzzy conclusion into a crisp.
[3] Fuzzy rules for developing FIS
Generally human beings take decisions which are like if-then rules in computer language. Suppose, it is forecasted
that the weather will be bad today and fine tomorrow then nobody wants to go out today and postpones the work to
tomorrow. Rules associate with ideas and relate one event to the other.
TABLE.2 IF-THEN STATEMENTS FOR FUZZY INFERENCE SYSTEM FOR FUZZY CONTROLLER
1. If E = HN and EC = HN Then U = HP
2. If E = HN and EC = MN Then U = HP
3. If E = HN and EC = LN Then U = HP
4. If E = HN and EC = ZE Then U = HP
….....
........
….....
47. If E = HP and EC = LP Then U = HN
48. If E = HP and EC = MP Then U = HN
49. If E = HP and EC = HP Then U = HN
The decision makings are replaced by fuzzy sets and rules by fuzzy rules. Table.2 shows some fuzzy rules written for the
fuzzy inference structure.
TABLE.3 FUZZY RULES FOR DEVELOPING FUZZY INFERENCE STRUCTURE (FIS) FOR FUZZY LOGIC CONTROL
E
HN MN LN ZE LP MP HP
EC U
HN HP HP HP HP MP LP ZE
MN HP HP MP MP LP ZE LN
LN HP HP MP LP ZE LN MN
ZE HP MP LP ZE LN MN HN
LP MP MP ZE LN MN HN HN
MP LP ZE LN MN MN HN HN
HP ZE LN MN HN HN HN HN
Where, HP - High Positive; MP - Medium Positive; LP - Low Positive; ZE - Zero Value; LN - Low Negative; MN - Medium
Negative; HN - High Negative.
IV. SYSTEM DESIGN WITH FUZZY-PID CONTROLLER
The conventional PID controller [12] parameter gains are always obtained by some testing methods. These
methods have low precision and takes long time for debugging. In the recent years, several approaches are proposed PID
design based on intelligent algorithms mainly the fuzzy logic method. This method takes the advantage of both conventional
PID control and fuzzy logic control. Figure.8 shows the design of the system with fuzzy-PID controller.
14
6. Fuzzy Self-Adaptive PID Controller Design for Electric Heating Furnace
Figure.8 MATLAB/Simulink model with fuzzy-PID controller
Figure.9 shows the selection of inputs and outputs for design of FIS for fuzzy-PID controller. In this error and
error change in error are considered as inputs, PID controller parameter gains (proportional + integral + derivative) are
considered as the outputs for fuzzy logic control. These PID parameter gains are given to the conventional PID control
block. Figure.10 shows the membership function editor for fuzzy-PID controller.
Figure.9 Selection inputs/outputs for designing fuzzy inference structure for fuzzy-PID controller
Figure.10 Membership function editor for fuzzy-PID controller
TABLE.4 IF-THEN STATEMENTS FOR FUZZY INFERENCE SYSTEM FUZZY-PID CONTROLLER
1) If (E is HN) and (EC is HN) then
(KP is HP) (KI is HN) (KD is LP)
2) If (E is HN) and (EC is MN) then
(KP is HP)(KI is HN)( KD is LP)
………….
49) If (E is HP) and (EC is HP) then
(KP is HN)( KI is HP)( KD is HP)
15
7. Fuzzy Self-Adaptive PID Controller Design for Electric Heating Furnace
TABLE.5 FUZZY RULES FOR DEVELOPING FUZZY INFERENCE STRUCTURE (FIS) FOR FUZZY-PID CONTROLLER
E
KP
HN MN LN ZE LP MP HP
Ec KI
KD
HP HP MP MP LP ZE ZE
HN HN HN MN MN LN ZE ZE
LP LN HN HN HN MN LP
HP HP MP LP LP ZE LN
MN HN HN MN LN LN ZE ZE
LP LN HN MN MN LN ZE
MP MP MP LP ZE LN LN
LN HN MN LN LN ZE LP LP
ZE LN MN MN LN LN ZE
MP MP LP ZE LN MN MN
ZE MN MN LN ZE LP MP MP
ZE LN LN LN LN LN ZE
LP LP ZE LN LN MN MN
LP MN LN ZE LP LP MP MP
ZE ZE ZE ZE ZE ZE ZE
LP ZE LN MN MN MN HN
MP ZE ZE LP LP MP HP HP
HP LN LP LP LP LP HP
ZE ZE MN MN MN HN HN
HP ZE ZE LP MP MP HP HP
HP MN MP MP LP LP HP
The output variables and certainty outputs are given by the equation. (3-5) from those values, the PID gain parameters based
on fuzzy-PID control are given by the equations.(6-8)
n
j 1
j ( E , Ec) K Pj
K P f1 ( E , Ec)
*
n
(3)
j 1
j ( E , Ec)
n
j 1
j ( E , Ec) K Ij
K I f 2 ( E , Ec)
*
n
(4)
j 1
j ( E , Ec)
n
j 1
j ( E , Ec) K Dj
K D f 3 ( E , Ec)
*
n
(5)
j 1
j ( E , Ec)
16
8. Fuzzy Self-Adaptive PID Controller Design for Electric Heating Furnace
Figure.11 MATLAB/Simulink model for comparison of system responses with different controllers
*
Here, „µ‟ refers to the membership function of fuzzy set; „n‟ refers to the number of single-point set. K Pj , K Ij and KD
* * *
are output variables, K P , KI and KD are certainty outputs. The PID gain parameters can be calculated as follows.
KP K K P
! *
P (6)
KI K K !
I
*
I (7)
KD K K !
D
*
D (8)
V. SIMULATION RESULTS
Figure.12 Response of the system with Pessen’s PID controller
17
9. Fuzzy Self-Adaptive PID Controller Design for Electric Heating Furnace
Figure.11-14 show the responses of the system with conventional PID controller when it is tuned with pessen‟s,
continuous cycling, Tyreus-luyben and damped cycling tuning algorithms. Figure.15 shows the comparison of the responses
of the system with above tuning algorithms.
Figure.16 shows the response of the system with fuzzy logic controller. It has some steady state error. But it is eliminated by
using with fuzzy-PID controller. Figure.17 shows the response of the system with fuzzy-PID controller. The responses of
these two methods are compared in figure.18
Table.6 shows the comparison of the transient response parameters when system is designed with different PID control
strategies.
Figure.13 Response of the system with continuous cycling PID tuning method
Figure.14 Response of the system with Tyreus-luyben method
Figure.15 Response of system with damped cycling method
18
10. Fuzzy Self-Adaptive PID Controller Design for Electric Heating Furnace
Figure.16 Comparison of responses with various tuning algorithms
Figure.17 Response of the system with fuzzy logic controller
Figure.18 Response of the system with Fuzzy-PID controller
19
11. Fuzzy Self-Adaptive PID Controller Design for Electric Heating Furnace
Figure.19 Comparison of responses with fuzzy and fuzzy-PID controllers
TABLE.6 COMPARISON OF TIME DOMAIN PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS FOR VARIOUS CONTROLLING METHODS
Time Domain Performance Parameters
% Steady
S. No. Controller Used Delay Settling Peak
Rise Time Transient state
Time Time (Ts) Overshoot
(Tr) in Sec Behavior Error
(Td) in Sec in Sec (MP) in %
(ESS)
Pessen‟s
1. 2.425 3.408 50.6 33.5 Oscillatory 0
PID Controller
Damped Cycling No
2. 3.07 7.828 51.6 8.6 0
PID Controller Oscillatory
Continuous Cycling No
3. 3.208 7.644 67.13 13.5 0
PID Controller Oscillatory
Tyreus-Luyben Less
4. 1.289 3.131 52.85 2.7 0
PID Controller Oscillatory
Fuzzy Logic No
5. 1.382 32.54 123.18 Smooth 5.8
Controller overshoot
Fuzzy-PID No
6. 21.55 45.85 101.53 Smooth 0.2
Controller overshoot
VI. CONCLUSION
Hence, in this paper firstly, the conventional PID controller is used as temperature process controller for Electric
Heating Furnace System. Later on fuzzy logic based intelligent controller is introduced for the same. The performance of
both is evaluated against each other and from the Table 6, the following parameters [8] can be observed.
1) Even though, the PID controller produces the response with lower delay time, rise time and settling time, it has severe
oscillations with a very high peak overshoot of 2.7%. This causes the damage in the system performance
2) To suppress these severe oscillations Fuzzy logic controller is proposed to use. From the results, it can be observed that,
this controller can effectively suppress the oscillations and produces smooth response. But it is giving a steady state error of
5.8%.
3) Furthermore, to suppress the steady state error, it is proposed to use Fuzzy-PID controller, where the PID gains are tuned
by using fuzzy logic concepts and the results show that this design can effectively suppress the error to 0.2% while keeping
the advantages of fuzzy controller.
Hence, it is concluded that the conventional PID controller could not be used for the control of non-linear processes like
temperature. So, the proposed fuzzy logic based controller design can be a preferable choice to achieve this
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Dr.K.Babulu1 received the Ph.D. degree in VLSI from JNTUA, India in the year 2010. At present he
has been working as Professor and headed with the department of ECE, UCEK, JNTUK, Kakinada,
India. His research interests include VLSI Design, Embedded System Design, ASIC Design and PLD
design. He has published over 28 papers in various national and international journals and conferences.
D.Kranthi Kumar2 is a Project Associate pursuing his M.Tech Degree with Instrumentation and Controls
specialization at the department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, UCEK, JNTUK, Kakinada.
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