SlideShare a Scribd company logo
2D_transformatiomcomputer graphics 2d translation, rotation and scaling transformation and matrix representation
Transformation
 An operation that changes one configuration into
another
 Types of Transformation:
 Geometric transformation
 Object itself is transformed relative to a stationary co-
ordinate
 Co-ordinate transformation
 Co-ordinate system is transformed relative to an object.
 Object is held stationary
2D Geometric Transformations
 A two dimensional transformation is any operation on
a point in space (x, y) that maps that point's
coordinates into a new set of coordinates (x1, y1).
 Instead of applying a transformation to every point in
every line that makes up an object, the transformation
is applied only to the vertices of the object and then
new lines are drawn between the resulting endpoints.
2D Geometric Transformations
Translate
Rotate Scale
Shear

Recommended for you

2D transformation (Computer Graphics)
2D transformation (Computer Graphics)2D transformation (Computer Graphics)
2D transformation (Computer Graphics)

with today's advanced technology like photoshop, paint etc. we need to understand some basic concepts like how they are cropping the image , tilt the image etc. In our presentation you will find basic introduction of 2D transformation.

2dtransformationcomputer
2D Transformation
2D Transformation2D Transformation
2D Transformation

it is related to Computer Graphics Subject.in this ppt we describe what is 2D Transformation, Translation, Rotation, Scaling : Uniform Scaling,Non-uniform Scaling ;Reflection,Shear,Composite Transformations

translation2d transformationrotation
2-D Transformations.pdf
2-D Transformations.pdf2-D Transformations.pdf
2-D Transformations.pdf

This document discusses 2D transformations including translation, rotation, scaling, shearing, and reflection. It explains how to represent points in 2D using vectors and matrices. Various transformation matrices are defined to transform points and geometries through translation, rotation about a pivot point, uniform and non-uniform scaling, reflection across lines or planes, and shearing. Composite transformations consisting of multiple simple transformations applied sequentially are also discussed. Examples are provided to demonstrate how common geometries like lines and polygons are transformed.

2-d transformationcomputer graphics
Basic 2D Translation
 To move a line segment, apply the
transformation equation to each of the two
line endpoints and redraw the line between
new endpoints
 To move a polygon, apply the transformation
equation to coordinates of each vertex and
regenerate the polygon using the new set of
vertex coordinates
2D Translation
 One of rigid-body transformation, which move objects without
deformation
 Translate an object by Adding offsets to coordinates to generate
new coordinates positions
 Set tx, ty be the translation distance, we have
 P’=P+T
 Translation moves the object without deformation
P
P’
T
x
t
x
'
x 
 y
t
y
'
y 








y
x
P 






y
x
t
t
T







'
y
'
x
'
P
Translation
 A translation moves all points in
an object along the same
straight-line path to new
positions[ Linear Displacement].
 The path is represented by a
vector, called the translation or
shift vector.
 We can write the components:
X’= X + tx
Y’= Y+ ty
 or in matrix form:
P' = P + T
tx
ty
x’
y’
x
y
tx
ty
= +
(2, 2)
= 6
=4
?
Example
Translate a polygon with coordinates
A(2,5), B(7,10) and c(10,2) by 3 units in
x direction and 4 units in y direction

Recommended for you

2D Transformation
2D Transformation2D Transformation
2D Transformation

This document summarizes the process of 2D transformations and window to viewport transformation in computer graphics. It describes basic 2D transformations including translation, rotation, scaling and their equation representations. It also explains the concept of composite transformations and discusses translation, rotation and scaling as composite transformations. Finally, it provides details about the window to viewport transformation including translating and scaling the window to fit within the viewport boundaries.

Computer Graphic - Transformations in 2D
Computer Graphic - Transformations in 2DComputer Graphic - Transformations in 2D
Computer Graphic - Transformations in 2D

The document discusses 2D geometric transformations using matrices. It defines a general transformation equation [B] = [T] [A] where [T] is the transformation matrix and [A] and [B] are the input and output point matrices. It then explains various transformation matrices for scaling, reflection, rotation and translation. It also discusses representing transformations in homogeneous coordinates using 3x3 matrices. Finally, it provides examples of applying multiple transformations and conditions when the order of transformations can be changed.

computer2dcomputer graphic
Computer Graphics - transformations in 2d
Computer Graphics - transformations in 2dComputer Graphics - transformations in 2d
Computer Graphics - transformations in 2d

The document discusses 2D geometric transformations using matrices. It defines a general transformation equation [B] = [T] [A] where [T] is the transformation matrix and [A] and [B] are the input and output point matrices. It then explains various types of 2D transformations like scaling, reflection, rotation and translations as well as their corresponding matrix representations. It also discusses representing transformations in homogeneous coordinates and the concept of screen and world coordinates in the context of mapping between them.

transformationscomputer2d
2D Rotation
 Object is rotated ϴ° about the origin.
 ϴ > 0 – rotation is counter clock wise
 ϴ < 0 – rotation is clock wise
6

 
y
x
0
1
1
2
2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
3
4
5
6
Rotation
 A rotation repositions
all points in an object
along a circular path
in the plane centered
at the pivot point.
 First, we’ll assume the
pivot is at the origin.

P
P’
Rotation
• Review Trigonometry
=> cos  = x/r , sin = y/r
• x = r. cos , y = r.sin 


P(x,y)
x
y
r
x’
y’

P’(x’, y’)
r
=> cos (+ ) = x’/r
•x’ = r. cos (+ )
•x’ = r.coscos -r.sinsin
•x’ = x.cos  – y.sin 
=>sin (+ ) = y’/r
y’ = r. sin (+ )
•y’ = r.cossin + r.sincos
•y’ = x.sin  + y.cos 
Identity of Trigonometry
Rotation
• We can write the components:
p' = xcos  – ysin 
p' = xsin  + y cos 
• or in matrix form:
P' = R • P
•  can be clockwise (-ve) or
counterclockwise (+ve as our
example).
• Rotation matrix

P(x,y)

x
y
r
x’
y’

P’(x’, y’)





 





cos
sin
sin
cos
R

Recommended for you

2d transformation
2d transformation2d transformation
2d transformation

2D transformations can be represented by matrices and include translations, rotations, scalings, and reflections. Translations move objects by adding a translation vector. Rotations rotate objects around the origin by pre-multiplying the point coordinates with a rotation matrix. Scaling enlarges or shrinks objects by multiplying the point coordinates with scaling factors. Composite transformations represent multiple transformations applied in sequence, with the overall transformation represented as the matrix product of the individual transformations. The order of transformations matters as matrix multiplication is not commutative.

gm
2 d transformation
2 d transformation2 d transformation
2 d transformation

1) 2D geometric transformations include translations, scaling, and rotations. They can be represented by transformation matrices. 2) Translation moves an object by adding offsets to x and y coordinates. It can be represented by a 3x3 matrix with 1s on the diagonal and offsets as the last column. 3) Scaling enlarges or shrinks an object by multiplying x and y coordinates by scaling factors. It can be represented by a 2x2 diagonal matrix with scaling factors. 4) Rotation rotates an object by applying a trigonometric transformation to x and y coordinates. It can be represented by a 2x2 rotation matrix containing cosine and sine of the rotation angle.

Two dimensionaltransformations
Two dimensionaltransformationsTwo dimensionaltransformations
Two dimensionaltransformations

Two-dimensional transformations include translations, rotations, and scalings. Transformations manipulate objects by altering their coordinate descriptions without redrawing them. Matrices can represent linear transformations and are used to describe 2D transformations. Common 2D transformations include translation by adding offsets to coordinates, rotation by applying a rotation matrix, and scaling by multiplying coordinates by scaling factors. More complex transformations can be achieved by combining basic transformations through matrix multiplication in a specific order.

2-d transformatio in computer graphics
2-D Rotation
x = r cos ()
y = r sin ()
x’ = r cos ( + )
y’ = r sin ( + )
Trig Identity…
x’ = r cos() cos() – r sin()
sin()
y’ = r sin() sin() + r cos()
cos()
Substitute…
x’ = x cos() - y sin()
y’ = x sin() + y cos()

(x, y)
(x’, y’)

Basic 2D Geometric Transformations
 2D Rotation
 Rotation for a point about any specified
position (xr, yr)
x’=xr+(x - xr) cos θ – (y - yr) sin θ
y’=yr+(x - xr) sin θ + (y - yr) cos θ
 Example
 Find the transformed point, P’, caused by rotating P=
(5, 1) about the origin through an angle of 90.
Rotation

























 








cos
sin
sin
cos
cos
sin
sin
cos
y
x
y
x
y
x













90
cos
1
90
sin
5
90
sin
1
90
cos
5













0
1
1
5
1
1
0
5







5
1
 Rotations also move objects without
deformation
 A line is rotated by applying the rotation
formula to each of the endpoints and redrawing
the line between the new end points
 A polygon is rotated by applying the rotation
formula to each of the vertices and redrawing
the polygon using new vertex coordinates

Recommended for you

2Dand3D transformationppt.pptx
2Dand3D transformationppt.pptx2Dand3D transformationppt.pptx
2Dand3D transformationppt.pptx

This document discusses 2D transformations in computer graphics, including translation, rotation, and scaling. Translation moves an object by adding offsets to x and y coordinates. Rotation uses trigonometry and rotation matrices to reposition objects around a central point. Scaling enlarges or shrinks objects by multiplying their coordinates by scaling factors. Homogeneous coordinates allow representing these transformations with matrix multiplications.

Computer Graphics Unit 2
Computer Graphics Unit 2Computer Graphics Unit 2
Computer Graphics Unit 2

The document discusses 2D geometric transformations including translation, rotation, and scaling. It explains how each transformation can be represented by a matrix and how point coordinates are transformed. It introduces homogeneous coordinates to allow multiple transformations to be combined into a single matrix multiplication by expanding points into 3D vectors. This allows complex sequences of transformations to be applied efficiently in one step.

moule 3 ppt1 basic 2D transformations.pptx
moule 3 ppt1 basic 2D transformations.pptxmoule 3 ppt1 basic 2D transformations.pptx
moule 3 ppt1 basic 2D transformations.pptx

This document discusses different types of 2D transformations including translation, rotation, and scaling. Translation moves an object by adding a translation vector to the original coordinates. Rotation rotates an object around an origin by applying a rotation matrix to the original coordinates. Scaling resizes an object by multiplying the original coordinates by scaling factors. These transformations can be represented using matrix algebra and are important for manipulating 2D graphics.

Example
A point (4,3) is rotated
counterclockwise by an angle 45°
find the rotation matrix and
resultant point.
Basic 2D Geometric Transformations
 2D Scaling
 Scaling is the process of expanding or compressing
the dimension of an object
 Simple 2D scaling is performed by multiplying object
positions (x, y) by scaling factors sx and sy
x’ = x · sx
y’ = y · sy
or P’ = S·P




















y
x
s
s
y
x
y
x
0
0
'
'
P(x,y)
P’(x’,y’)
x
sx x
sy y
y
Scaling
• Scaling changes the size of an
object and involves two scale
factors, Sx and Sy for the x-
and y- coordinates
respectively.
• Scales are about the origin.
• We can write the components:
p' = sx • p
p' = sy • p
or in matrix form:
P' = S • P
Scale matrix as:







y
x
s
s
S
0
0
P
P’
Scaling
• If the scale factors are in between 0
and 1  the points will be moved
closer to the origin  the object
will be smaller.
P(2, 5)
P’
• Example :
•P(2, 5), Sx = 0.5, Sy = 0.5
•Find P’ ?

Recommended for you

2D Transformation in Computer Graphics
2D Transformation in Computer Graphics2D Transformation in Computer Graphics
2D Transformation in Computer Graphics

2D transformations are important operations in computer graphics that allow modifying the position, size, and orientation of objects in a 2D plane. There are several types of 2D transformations including translation, rotation, scaling, and more. Transformations are represented using matrix math for efficient application of sequential transformations. Key techniques include homogeneous coordinates to allow different types of transformations to be combined into a single matrix operation.

2d transformationtranslationscaling
seminar on 2D transformation
seminar on 2D transformationseminar on 2D transformation
seminar on 2D transformation

This document summarizes different types of 2D transformations, including translation, rotation, scaling, reflection, and shearing. Translation involves moving an object by adding offsets to the x- and y-coordinates. Rotation rotates an object around an origin by a certain angle using trigonometric functions. Scaling resizes an object by multiplying the x- and y-coordinates by scaling factors. Each transformation can be represented using a transformation matrix. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to apply the transformations to change the coordinates of points on a geometric object.

 
by 9784
2D Translation.pdf
2D Translation.pdf2D Translation.pdf
2D Translation.pdf

The document provides an overview of 2D and 3D geometric transformations including translation, rotation, scaling, and homogeneous coordinates. It then describes 2D translation, rotation, and scaling transformations through equations, matrix representations, and examples. Key points covered include: - Translating an object by adding translation distances tx and ty to the original coordinates - Rotating an object using a rotation angle θ and pivot point coordinates - Scaling an object by multiplying coordinates by scaling factors sx and sy - Representing transformations using homogeneous coordinates and transformation matrices - Composing multiple transformations through matrix multiplication

22
Scaling
• If the scale factors are in between 0
and 1  the points will be moved
closer to the origin  the object
will be smaller.
P(2, 5)
P’
• Example :
•P(2, 5), Sx = 0.5, Sy = 0.5
•Find P’ ?
•If the scale factors are larger than 1
 the points will be moved away
from the origin  the object will be
larger.
P’
• Example :
•P(2, 5), Sx = 2, Sy = 2
•Find P’ ?
Scaling
• If the scale factors are the same,
Sx = Sy  uniform scaling
• Only change in size (as previous
example)
P(1, 2)
P’
•If Sx  Sy  differential scaling.
•Change in size and shape
•Example : square  rectangle
•P(1, 3), Sx = 2, Sy = 5 , P’ ?
What does scaling by 1 do?
What is that matrix called?
What does scaling by a negative value do?
2D Scaling
 Any positive value can be
used as scaling factor
 Sf < 1 reduce the size of the
object
 Sf > 1 enlarge the object
 Sf = 1 then the object stays
unchanged
 If sx = sy , we call it uniform
scaling
 If scaling factor <1, then the
object moves closer to the
origin and If scaling factor >1,
then the object moves farther
from the origin
y
x
0
1
1
2
2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
3
4
5
6






1
2






1
3






3
6






3
9
Basic 2D Geometric Transformations
 2D Scaling
 We can control the location of the scaled object by
choosing a position called the fixed point (xf, yf)
x’ – xf = (x – xf) sx y’ – yf = (y – yf) sy
x’=x · sx + xf (1 – sx)
y’=y · sy + yf (1 – sy)
 Polygons are scaled by applying the above formula to
each vertex, then regenerating the polygon using the
transformed vertices

Recommended for you

Part 3- Manipulation and Representation of Curves.pptx
Part 3- Manipulation and Representation of Curves.pptxPart 3- Manipulation and Representation of Curves.pptx
Part 3- Manipulation and Representation of Curves.pptx

1. The document discusses various geometric transformations used in computer graphics such as translation, rotation, scaling, and their implementation using homogeneous coordinates and transformation matrices. 2. Key geometric transformations covered include translation using addition of coordinate offsets, rotation using trigonometric functions of the angle of rotation, and scaling using multiplication of coordinates by scaling factors. 3. Homogeneous coordinates are introduced to represent transformations like translation uniformly as matrix multiplications using 3x3 matrices on 3D point representations. This allows multiple transformations to be concatenated into a single transformation.

Part 2- Transformation.pptx
Part 2- Transformation.pptxPart 2- Transformation.pptx
Part 2- Transformation.pptx

1. The document discusses various 2D and 3D geometric transformations including translation, rotation, scaling, and their properties. 2. It explains coordinate systems used to specify geometry including world, user, and display coordinates. 3. Key geometric transformations are defined through transformation matrices including translation, rotation, and scaling matrices. Concatenating transformations allows combining multiple transformations.

Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction to Project Management
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction to Project ManagementSoftware Engineering and Project Management - Introduction to Project Management
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction to Project Management

Introduction to Project Management: Introduction, Project and Importance of Project Management, Contract Management, Activities Covered by Software Project Management, Plans, Methods and Methodologies, some ways of categorizing Software Projects, Stakeholders, Setting Objectives, Business Case, Project Success and Failure, Management and Management Control, Project Management life cycle, Traditional versus Modern Project Management Practices.

project managementcontract managementmanagement
Example
Scale the polygon with co-ordinates
A(2,5), B(7,10) and c(10,2) by 2 units in
x direction and 2 units in y direction
Homogeneous Coordinates
 Expand each 2D coordinate (x, y) to three element
representation (xh, yh, h) called homogenous
coordinates
 h is the homogenous parameter such that
x = xh/h, y = yh/h,
 A convenient choice is to choose h = 1
Homogeneous Coordinates for translation
 2D Translation Matrix
or, P’ = T(tx,ty)·P
































1
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
'
'
y
x
t
t
y
x
y
x
Homogeneous Coordinates for rotation
 2D Rotation Matrix
or, P’ = R(θ)·P





































1
1
0
0
0
cos
sin
0
sin
cos
1
'
'
y
x
y
x

Recommended for you

OCS Training - Rig Equipment Inspection - Advanced 5 Days_IADC.pdf
OCS Training - Rig Equipment Inspection - Advanced 5 Days_IADC.pdfOCS Training - Rig Equipment Inspection - Advanced 5 Days_IADC.pdf
OCS Training - Rig Equipment Inspection - Advanced 5 Days_IADC.pdf

OCS Training Institute is pleased to co-operate with a Global provider of Rig Inspection/Audits, Commission-ing, Compliance & Acceptance as well as & Engineering for Offshore Drilling Rigs, to deliver Drilling Rig Inspec-tion Workshops (RIW) which teaches the inspection & maintenance procedures required to ensure equipment integrity. Candidates learn to implement the relevant standards & understand industry requirements so that they can verify the condition of a rig’s equipment & improve safety, thus reducing the number of accidents and protecting the asset.

traininginspectiontrainingcourse
Profiling of Cafe Business in Talavera, Nueva Ecija: A Basis for Development ...
Profiling of Cafe Business in Talavera, Nueva Ecija: A Basis for Development ...Profiling of Cafe Business in Talavera, Nueva Ecija: A Basis for Development ...
Profiling of Cafe Business in Talavera, Nueva Ecija: A Basis for Development ...

This study aimed to profile the coffee shops in Talavera, Nueva Ecija, to develop a standardized checklist for aspiring entrepreneurs. The researchers surveyed 10 coffee shop owners in the municipality of Talavera. Through surveys, the researchers delved into the Owner's Demographic, Business details, Financial Requirements, and other requirements needed to consider starting up a coffee shop. Furthermore, through accurate analysis, the data obtained from the coffee shop owners are arranged to derive key insights. By analyzing this data, the study identifies best practices associated with start-up coffee shops’ profitability in Talavera. These findings were translated into a standardized checklist outlining essential procedures including the lists of equipment needed, financial requirements, and the Traditional and Social Media Marketing techniques. This standardized checklist served as a valuable tool for aspiring and existing coffee shop owners in Talavera, streamlining operations, ensuring consistency, and contributing to business success.

coffee shopcheckliststartup
22519 - Client-Side Scripting Language (CSS) chapter 1 notes .pdf
22519 - Client-Side Scripting Language (CSS) chapter 1 notes .pdf22519 - Client-Side Scripting Language (CSS) chapter 1 notes .pdf
22519 - Client-Side Scripting Language (CSS) chapter 1 notes .pdf

CSS chapter 1 notes

Homogeneous Coordinates for scaling
 2D Scaling Matrix
or, P’ = S(sx,sy)·P
































1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
'
'
y
x
s
s
y
x
y
x
Inverse Transformations
 2D Inverse Translation Matrix














1
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
y
x
t
t
T
Inverse Transformations
 2D Inverse Rotation Matrix

















1
0
0
0
cos
sin
0
sin
cos
1
R
Inverse Transformations
 2D Inverse Scaling Matrix


















1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
y
x
s
s
S

Recommended for you

Best Practices of Clothing Businesses in Talavera, Nueva Ecija, A Foundation ...
Best Practices of Clothing Businesses in Talavera, Nueva Ecija, A Foundation ...Best Practices of Clothing Businesses in Talavera, Nueva Ecija, A Foundation ...
Best Practices of Clothing Businesses in Talavera, Nueva Ecija, A Foundation ...

This study primarily aimed to determine the best practices of clothing businesses to use it as a foundation of strategic business advancements. Moreover, the frequency with which the business's best practices are tracked, which best practices are the most targeted of the apparel firms to be retained, and how does best practices can be used as strategic business advancement. The respondents of the study is the owners of clothing businesses in Talavera, Nueva Ecija. Data were collected and analyzed using a quantitative approach and utilizing a descriptive research design. Unveiling best practices of clothing businesses as a foundation for strategic business advancement through statistical analysis: frequency and percentage, and weighted means analyzing the data in terms of identifying the most to the least important performance indicators of the businesses among all of the variables. Based on the survey conducted on clothing businesses in Talavera, Nueva Ecija, several best practices emerge across different areas of business operations. These practices are categorized into three main sections, section one being the Business Profile and Legal Requirements, followed by the tracking of indicators in terms of Product, Place, Promotion, and Price, and Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) covering finance, marketing, production, technical, and distribution aspects. The research study delved into identifying the core best practices of clothing businesses, serving as a strategic guide for their advancement. Through meticulous analysis, several key findings emerged. Firstly, prioritizing product factors, such as maintaining optimal stock levels and maximizing customer satisfaction, was deemed essential for driving sales and fostering loyalty. Additionally, selecting the right store location was crucial for visibility and accessibility, directly impacting footfall and sales. Vigilance towards competitors and demographic shifts was highlighted as essential for maintaining relevance. Understanding the relationship between marketing spend and customer acquisition proved pivotal for optimizing budgets and achieving a higher ROI. Strategic analysis of profit margins across clothing items emerged as crucial for maximizing profitability and revenue. Creating a positive customer experience, investing in employee training, and implementing effective inventory management practices were also identified as critical success factors. In essence, these findings underscored the holistic approach needed for sustainable growth in the clothing business, emphasizing the importance of product management, marketing strategies, customer experience, and operational efficiency.

best practicesclothing businesskey performance indicators
IS Code SP 23: Handbook on concrete mixes
IS Code SP 23: Handbook  on concrete mixesIS Code SP 23: Handbook  on concrete mixes
IS Code SP 23: Handbook on concrete mixes

SP-23: Hand Bank on Concrete Mixes required at the time designing

sp-23: hand bank of concrete
Social media management system project report.pdf
Social media management system project report.pdfSocial media management system project report.pdf
Social media management system project report.pdf

The project "Social Media Platform in Object-Oriented Modeling" aims to design and model a robust and scalable social media platform using object-oriented modeling principles. In the age of digital communication, social media platforms have become indispensable for connecting people, sharing content, and fostering online communities. However, their complex nature requires meticulous planning and organization.This project addresses the challenge of creating a feature-rich and user-friendly social media platform by applying key object-oriented modeling concepts. It entails the identification and definition of essential objects such as "User," "Post," "Comment," and "Notification," each encapsulating specific attributes and behaviors. Relationships between these objects, such as friendships, content interactions, and notifications, are meticulously established.The project emphasizes encapsulation to maintain data integrity, inheritance for shared behaviors among objects, and polymorphism for flexible content handling. Use case diagrams depict user interactions, while sequence diagrams showcase the flow of interactions during critical scenarios. Class diagrams provide an overarching view of the system's architecture, including classes, attributes, and methods .By undertaking this project, we aim to create a modular, maintainable, and user-centric social media platform that adheres to best practices in object-oriented modeling. Such a platform will offer users a seamless and secure online social experience while facilitating future enhancements and adaptability to changing user needs.

computer technologycomputer scienceproject management
2D Composite Transformations
 We can setup a sequence of transformations as a
composite transformation matrix by
calculating the product of the individual
transformations
 P’=M2·M1·P
P’=M·P
2D Composite Transformations
 Composite 2D Translations


































1
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
y
y
x
x
y
x
y
x
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
2D Composite Transformations
 Composite 2D Rotations























































1
0
0
0
)
cos(
)
sin(
0
)
sin(
)
cos(
1
0
0
0
cos
sin
0
sin
cos
1
0
0
0
cos
sin
0
sin
cos
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2D Composite Transformations
 Composite 2D Scaling


































1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
y
y
x
x
y
x
y
x
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s

Recommended for you

SCADAmetrics Instrumentation for Sensus Water Meters - Core and Main Training...
SCADAmetrics Instrumentation for Sensus Water Meters - Core and Main Training...SCADAmetrics Instrumentation for Sensus Water Meters - Core and Main Training...
SCADAmetrics Instrumentation for Sensus Water Meters - Core and Main Training...

SCADAmetrics Instrumentation for Sensus Water Meters - Core and Main Training 2024 July 09

Vernier Caliper and How to use Vernier Caliper.ppsx
Vernier Caliper and How to use Vernier Caliper.ppsxVernier Caliper and How to use Vernier Caliper.ppsx
Vernier Caliper and How to use Vernier Caliper.ppsx

A vernier caliper is a precision instrument used to measure dimensions with high accuracy. It can measure internal and external dimensions, as well as depths. Here is a detailed description of its parts and how to use it.

21EC63_Module1B.pptx VLSI design 21ec63 MOS TRANSISTOR THEORY
21EC63_Module1B.pptx VLSI design 21ec63 MOS TRANSISTOR THEORY21EC63_Module1B.pptx VLSI design 21ec63 MOS TRANSISTOR THEORY
21EC63_Module1B.pptx VLSI design 21ec63 MOS TRANSISTOR THEORY

VLSI design 21ec63 MOS TRANSISTOR THEORY

2D_transformatiomcomputer graphics 2d translation, rotation and scaling transformation and matrix representation






































 











1
0
0
sin
)
cos
1
(
cos
sin
sin
)
cos
1
(
sin
cos
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
cos
sin
0
sin
cos
1
0
0
1
0
0
1












r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
x
y
y
x
y
x
y
x
       

 ,
,
,
, r
r
r
r
r
r y
x
R
y
x
T
R
y
x
T 




Translate Rotate Translate
(xr,yr
)
(xr,yr
)
(xr,yr
)
(xr,yr
)
2D_transformatiomcomputer graphics 2d translation, rotation and scaling transformation and matrix representation















































1
0
0
)
1
(
0
)
1
(
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
y
f
y
x
f
x
f
f
x
f
f
s
y
s
s
x
s
y
x
s
s
y
x
y
Translate Scale Translate
(xr,yr
)
(xr,yr
)
(xr,yr
)
(xr,yr
)
       
y
x
f
f
f
f
y
x
f
f s
s
y
x
S
y
x
T
s
s
S
y
x
T ,
,
,
, ,
, 





Recommended for you

Quadcopter Dynamics, Stability and Control
Quadcopter Dynamics, Stability and ControlQuadcopter Dynamics, Stability and Control
Quadcopter Dynamics, Stability and Control

A brief introduction to quadcopter (drone) working. It provides an overview of flight stability, dynamics, general control system block diagram, and the electronic hardware.

Development of Chatbot Using AI/ML Technologies
Development of  Chatbot Using AI/ML TechnologiesDevelopment of  Chatbot Using AI/ML Technologies
Development of Chatbot Using AI/ML Technologies

The rapid advancements in artificial intelligence and natural language processing have significantly transformed human-computer interactions. This thesis presents the design, development, and evaluation of an intelligent chatbot capable of engaging in natural and meaningful conversations with users. The chatbot leverages state-of-the-art deep learning techniques, including transformer-based architectures, to understand and generate human-like responses. Key contributions of this research include the implementation of a context- aware conversational model that can maintain coherent dialogue over extended interactions. The chatbot's performance is evaluated through both automated metrics and user studies, demonstrating its effectiveness in various applications such as customer service, mental health support, and educational assistance. Additionally, ethical considerations and potential biases in chatbot responses are examined to ensure the responsible deployment of this technology. The findings of this thesis highlight the potential of intelligent chatbots to enhance user experience and provide valuable insights for future developments in conversational AI.

thesischatbotai/ml
L-3536-Cost Benifit Analysis in ESIA.pptx
L-3536-Cost Benifit Analysis in ESIA.pptxL-3536-Cost Benifit Analysis in ESIA.pptx
L-3536-Cost Benifit Analysis in ESIA.pptx

..

Another Example.
Scale
Translate
Rotate
Translate
Example
I sat in the car, and find the side mirror is 0.4m on
my right and 0.3m in my front
• I started my car and drove 5m forward, turned 30
degrees to right, moved 5m forward again, and
turned 45 degrees to the right, and stopped
• What is the position of the side mirror now,
relative to where I was sitting in the beginning?
Other Two Dimensional Transformations
 Reflection
 Transformation that produces a mirror
image of an object
 Image is generated relative to an axis of
reflection by rotating the object 180°
about the reflection axis
Reflection about the line y=0 (the x axis)











1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1

Recommended for you

LeetCode Database problems solved using PySpark.pdf
LeetCode Database problems solved using PySpark.pdfLeetCode Database problems solved using PySpark.pdf
LeetCode Database problems solved using PySpark.pdf

Pyspark

GUIA_LEGAL_CHAPTER_4_FOREIGN TRADE CUSTOMS.pdf
GUIA_LEGAL_CHAPTER_4_FOREIGN TRADE CUSTOMS.pdfGUIA_LEGAL_CHAPTER_4_FOREIGN TRADE CUSTOMS.pdf
GUIA_LEGAL_CHAPTER_4_FOREIGN TRADE CUSTOMS.pdf

Foreign trade and customs

Online music portal management system project report.pdf
Online music portal management system project report.pdfOnline music portal management system project report.pdf
Online music portal management system project report.pdf

The iMMS is a unique application that is synchronizing both user experience and copyrights while providing services like online music management, legal downloads, artists’ management. There are several other applications available in the market that either provides some specific services or large scale integrated solutions. Our product differs from the rest in a way that we give more power to the users remaining within the copyrights circle.

computer technologyscience and technologyproject management
Reflection about the line x=0 (the y axis)










1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
Reflection about the origin












1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
Reflection when x = y
Example
Consider the triangle ABC with co-
ordinates x(4,1), y(5,2), z(4,3). Reflect
the triangle about the x axis and then
about the line y = -x

Recommended for you

Unit 1 Information Storage and Retrieval
Unit 1 Information Storage and RetrievalUnit 1 Information Storage and Retrieval
Unit 1 Information Storage and Retrieval

Introduction to information retrieval, Major challenges in IR

Conservation of Taksar through Economic Regeneration
Conservation of Taksar through Economic RegenerationConservation of Taksar through Economic Regeneration
Conservation of Taksar through Economic Regeneration

This was our 9th Sem Design Studio Project, introduced as Conservation of Taksar Bazar, Bhojpur, an ancient city famous for Taksar- Making Coins. Taksar Bazaar has a civilization of Newars shifted from Patan, with huge socio-economic and cultural significance having a settlement of about 300 years. But in the present scenario, Taksar Bazar has lost its charm and importance, due to various reasons like, migration, unemployment, shift of economic activities to Bhojpur and many more. The scenario was so pityful that when we went to make inventories, take survey and study the site, the people and the context, we barely found any youth of our age! Many houses were vacant, the earthquake devasted and ruined heritages. Conservation of those heritages, ancient marvels,a nd history was in dire need, so we proposed the Conservation of Taksar through economic regeneration because the lack of economy was the main reason for the people to leave the settlement and the reason for the overall declination.

architectureconservationregeneration
Unblocking The Main Thread - Solving ANRs and Frozen Frames
Unblocking The Main Thread - Solving ANRs and Frozen FramesUnblocking The Main Thread - Solving ANRs and Frozen Frames
Unblocking The Main Thread - Solving ANRs and Frozen Frames

In the realm of Android development, the main thread is our stage, but too often, it becomes a battleground where performance issues arise, leading to ANRS, frozen frames, and sluggish Uls. As we strive for excellence in user experience, understanding and optimizing the main thread becomes essential to prevent these common perforrmance bottlenecks. We have strategies and best practices for keeping the main thread uncluttered. We'll examine the root causes of performance issues and techniques for monitoring and improving main thread health as wel as app performance. In this talk, participants will walk away with practical knowledge on enhancing app performance by mastering the main thread. We'll share proven approaches to eliminate real-life ANRS and frozen frames to build apps that deliver butter smooth experience.

androidperformance
Shear
 Transformation that distorts the shape of an
object is called shear transformation.
 Two shearing transformation used:
 Shift X co-ordinates values
 Shift Y co-ordinates values
X shear
y
x
(0,1) (1,1)
(1,0)
(0,0)
y
x
(2,1) (3,1)
(1,0)
(0,0)
shx=2










1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1 x
sh
y
y
y
sh
x
x x




'
'
 Preserve Y coordinates but change the X coordinates values
Y shear
 Preserve X coordinates but change the Y coordinates values
x’ = x
y’ = y + Shy . x
y
x
(0,1) (1,1)
(1,0)
(0,0)
y
x
(0,1)
(1,2)
(1,1)
(0,0)










1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
y
sh
Example
Perform x shear and y shear along on a
triangle A(2,1), B(4,3), C(2,3) sh = 2

Recommended for you

Evento anual Splunk .conf24 Highlights recap
Evento anual Splunk .conf24 Highlights recapEvento anual Splunk .conf24 Highlights recap
Evento anual Splunk .conf24 Highlights recap

Encontro anual da comunidade Splunk, onde discutimos todas as novidades apresentadas na conferência anual da Spunk, a .conf24 realizada em junho deste ano em Las Vegas. Neste vídeo, trago os pontos chave do encontro, como: - AI Assistant para uso junto com a SPL - SPL2 para uso em Data Pipelines - Ingest Processor - Enterprise Security 8.0 (Maior atualização deste seu release) - Federated Analytics - Integração com Cisco XDR e Cisto Talos - E muito mais. Deixo ainda, alguns links com relatórios e conteúdo interessantes que podem ajudar no esclarecimento dos produtos e funções. https://www.splunk.com/en_us/campaigns/the-hidden-costs-of-downtime.html https://www.splunk.com/en_us/pdfs/gated/ebooks/building-a-leading-observability-practice.pdf https://www.splunk.com/en_us/pdfs/gated/ebooks/building-a-modern-security-program.pdf Nosso grupo oficial da Splunk: https://usergroups.splunk.com/sao-paulo-splunk-user-group/

splunksoarcybersecurity
Shear relative to other axis
 X shear with reference to Y axis
x
y
1
1
yref = -1
x
shx = ½, yref = -1
1
1 2 3
yref = -1
( )
x ref
x x sh y y
y y
   
 
1
0 1 0
1 0 0 1 1
x x ref
x sh sh y x
y y
  
    
    
 
    
    
    
Shear relative to other axis
 Y shear with reference to X axis
( )
y ref
x x
y y sh x x
 
   
1 0 0
1
1 0 0 1 1
x y ref
x x
y sh sh x y

    
    
   
    
    
    
x
y
1
1
xref = -1
y
x
1
1
2
xref = -1
Basic 2D Geometric Transformations
 2D Rotation matrix
 P’=R·P












cos
sin
sin
cos
R
Φ
(x,y)
r
r θ
(x’,y’)











 







y
x
y
x




cos
sin
sin
cos
'
'

More Related Content

Similar to 2D_transformatiomcomputer graphics 2d translation, rotation and scaling transformation and matrix representation

transformation IT.ppt
transformation IT.ppttransformation IT.ppt
transformation IT.ppt
ShubhamBatwani
 
Unit-3 overview of transformations
Unit-3 overview of transformationsUnit-3 overview of transformations
Unit-3 overview of transformations
Amol Gaikwad
 
2D-transformation-1.pdf
2D-transformation-1.pdf2D-transformation-1.pdf
2D-transformation-1.pdf
bcanawakadalcollege
 
2D transformation (Computer Graphics)
2D transformation (Computer Graphics)2D transformation (Computer Graphics)
2D transformation (Computer Graphics)
Timbal Mayank
 
2D Transformation
2D Transformation2D Transformation
2D Transformation
ShahDhruv21
 
2-D Transformations.pdf
2-D Transformations.pdf2-D Transformations.pdf
2-D Transformations.pdf
Mattupallipardhu
 
2D Transformation
2D Transformation2D Transformation
2D Transformation
Asma Tehseen
 
Computer Graphic - Transformations in 2D
Computer Graphic - Transformations in 2DComputer Graphic - Transformations in 2D
Computer Graphic - Transformations in 2D
2013901097
 
Computer Graphics - transformations in 2d
Computer Graphics - transformations in 2dComputer Graphics - transformations in 2d
Computer Graphics - transformations in 2d
Hisham Al Kurdi, EAVA, DMC-D-4K, HCCA-P, HCAA-D
 
2d transformation
2d transformation2d transformation
2d transformation
Sarkunavathi Aribal
 
2 d transformation
2 d transformation2 d transformation
2 d transformation
Ankit Garg
 
Two dimensionaltransformations
Two dimensionaltransformationsTwo dimensionaltransformations
Two dimensionaltransformations
Nareek
 
2Dand3D transformationppt.pptx
2Dand3D transformationppt.pptx2Dand3D transformationppt.pptx
2Dand3D transformationppt.pptx
RAMESHCHANDRANE
 
Computer Graphics Unit 2
Computer Graphics Unit 2Computer Graphics Unit 2
Computer Graphics Unit 2
aravindangc
 
moule 3 ppt1 basic 2D transformations.pptx
moule 3 ppt1 basic 2D transformations.pptxmoule 3 ppt1 basic 2D transformations.pptx
moule 3 ppt1 basic 2D transformations.pptx
RADHIKAB20
 
2D Transformation in Computer Graphics
2D Transformation in Computer Graphics2D Transformation in Computer Graphics
2D Transformation in Computer Graphics
A. S. M. Shafi
 
seminar on 2D transformation
seminar on 2D transformationseminar on 2D transformation
seminar on 2D transformation
9784
 
2D Translation.pdf
2D Translation.pdf2D Translation.pdf
2D Translation.pdf
MehulMunshi3
 
Part 3- Manipulation and Representation of Curves.pptx
Part 3- Manipulation and Representation of Curves.pptxPart 3- Manipulation and Representation of Curves.pptx
Part 3- Manipulation and Representation of Curves.pptx
Khalil Alhatab
 
Part 2- Transformation.pptx
Part 2- Transformation.pptxPart 2- Transformation.pptx
Part 2- Transformation.pptx
Khalil Alhatab
 

Similar to 2D_transformatiomcomputer graphics 2d translation, rotation and scaling transformation and matrix representation (20)

transformation IT.ppt
transformation IT.ppttransformation IT.ppt
transformation IT.ppt
 
Unit-3 overview of transformations
Unit-3 overview of transformationsUnit-3 overview of transformations
Unit-3 overview of transformations
 
2D-transformation-1.pdf
2D-transformation-1.pdf2D-transformation-1.pdf
2D-transformation-1.pdf
 
2D transformation (Computer Graphics)
2D transformation (Computer Graphics)2D transformation (Computer Graphics)
2D transformation (Computer Graphics)
 
2D Transformation
2D Transformation2D Transformation
2D Transformation
 
2-D Transformations.pdf
2-D Transformations.pdf2-D Transformations.pdf
2-D Transformations.pdf
 
2D Transformation
2D Transformation2D Transformation
2D Transformation
 
Computer Graphic - Transformations in 2D
Computer Graphic - Transformations in 2DComputer Graphic - Transformations in 2D
Computer Graphic - Transformations in 2D
 
Computer Graphics - transformations in 2d
Computer Graphics - transformations in 2dComputer Graphics - transformations in 2d
Computer Graphics - transformations in 2d
 
2d transformation
2d transformation2d transformation
2d transformation
 
2 d transformation
2 d transformation2 d transformation
2 d transformation
 
Two dimensionaltransformations
Two dimensionaltransformationsTwo dimensionaltransformations
Two dimensionaltransformations
 
2Dand3D transformationppt.pptx
2Dand3D transformationppt.pptx2Dand3D transformationppt.pptx
2Dand3D transformationppt.pptx
 
Computer Graphics Unit 2
Computer Graphics Unit 2Computer Graphics Unit 2
Computer Graphics Unit 2
 
moule 3 ppt1 basic 2D transformations.pptx
moule 3 ppt1 basic 2D transformations.pptxmoule 3 ppt1 basic 2D transformations.pptx
moule 3 ppt1 basic 2D transformations.pptx
 
2D Transformation in Computer Graphics
2D Transformation in Computer Graphics2D Transformation in Computer Graphics
2D Transformation in Computer Graphics
 
seminar on 2D transformation
seminar on 2D transformationseminar on 2D transformation
seminar on 2D transformation
 
2D Translation.pdf
2D Translation.pdf2D Translation.pdf
2D Translation.pdf
 
Part 3- Manipulation and Representation of Curves.pptx
Part 3- Manipulation and Representation of Curves.pptxPart 3- Manipulation and Representation of Curves.pptx
Part 3- Manipulation and Representation of Curves.pptx
 
Part 2- Transformation.pptx
Part 2- Transformation.pptxPart 2- Transformation.pptx
Part 2- Transformation.pptx
 

Recently uploaded

Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction to Project Management
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction to Project ManagementSoftware Engineering and Project Management - Introduction to Project Management
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction to Project Management
Prakhyath Rai
 
OCS Training - Rig Equipment Inspection - Advanced 5 Days_IADC.pdf
OCS Training - Rig Equipment Inspection - Advanced 5 Days_IADC.pdfOCS Training - Rig Equipment Inspection - Advanced 5 Days_IADC.pdf
OCS Training - Rig Equipment Inspection - Advanced 5 Days_IADC.pdf
Muanisa Waras
 
Profiling of Cafe Business in Talavera, Nueva Ecija: A Basis for Development ...
Profiling of Cafe Business in Talavera, Nueva Ecija: A Basis for Development ...Profiling of Cafe Business in Talavera, Nueva Ecija: A Basis for Development ...
Profiling of Cafe Business in Talavera, Nueva Ecija: A Basis for Development ...
IJAEMSJORNAL
 
22519 - Client-Side Scripting Language (CSS) chapter 1 notes .pdf
22519 - Client-Side Scripting Language (CSS) chapter 1 notes .pdf22519 - Client-Side Scripting Language (CSS) chapter 1 notes .pdf
22519 - Client-Side Scripting Language (CSS) chapter 1 notes .pdf
sharvaridhokte
 
Best Practices of Clothing Businesses in Talavera, Nueva Ecija, A Foundation ...
Best Practices of Clothing Businesses in Talavera, Nueva Ecija, A Foundation ...Best Practices of Clothing Businesses in Talavera, Nueva Ecija, A Foundation ...
Best Practices of Clothing Businesses in Talavera, Nueva Ecija, A Foundation ...
IJAEMSJORNAL
 
IS Code SP 23: Handbook on concrete mixes
IS Code SP 23: Handbook  on concrete mixesIS Code SP 23: Handbook  on concrete mixes
IS Code SP 23: Handbook on concrete mixes
Mani Krishna Sarkar
 
Social media management system project report.pdf
Social media management system project report.pdfSocial media management system project report.pdf
Social media management system project report.pdf
Kamal Acharya
 
SCADAmetrics Instrumentation for Sensus Water Meters - Core and Main Training...
SCADAmetrics Instrumentation for Sensus Water Meters - Core and Main Training...SCADAmetrics Instrumentation for Sensus Water Meters - Core and Main Training...
SCADAmetrics Instrumentation for Sensus Water Meters - Core and Main Training...
Jim Mimlitz, P.E.
 
Vernier Caliper and How to use Vernier Caliper.ppsx
Vernier Caliper and How to use Vernier Caliper.ppsxVernier Caliper and How to use Vernier Caliper.ppsx
Vernier Caliper and How to use Vernier Caliper.ppsx
Tool and Die Tech
 
21EC63_Module1B.pptx VLSI design 21ec63 MOS TRANSISTOR THEORY
21EC63_Module1B.pptx VLSI design 21ec63 MOS TRANSISTOR THEORY21EC63_Module1B.pptx VLSI design 21ec63 MOS TRANSISTOR THEORY
21EC63_Module1B.pptx VLSI design 21ec63 MOS TRANSISTOR THEORY
PradeepKumarSK3
 
Quadcopter Dynamics, Stability and Control
Quadcopter Dynamics, Stability and ControlQuadcopter Dynamics, Stability and Control
Quadcopter Dynamics, Stability and Control
Blesson Easo Varghese
 
Development of Chatbot Using AI/ML Technologies
Development of  Chatbot Using AI/ML TechnologiesDevelopment of  Chatbot Using AI/ML Technologies
Development of Chatbot Using AI/ML Technologies
maisnampibarel
 
L-3536-Cost Benifit Analysis in ESIA.pptx
L-3536-Cost Benifit Analysis in ESIA.pptxL-3536-Cost Benifit Analysis in ESIA.pptx
L-3536-Cost Benifit Analysis in ESIA.pptx
naseki5964
 
LeetCode Database problems solved using PySpark.pdf
LeetCode Database problems solved using PySpark.pdfLeetCode Database problems solved using PySpark.pdf
LeetCode Database problems solved using PySpark.pdf
pavanaroshni1977
 
GUIA_LEGAL_CHAPTER_4_FOREIGN TRADE CUSTOMS.pdf
GUIA_LEGAL_CHAPTER_4_FOREIGN TRADE CUSTOMS.pdfGUIA_LEGAL_CHAPTER_4_FOREIGN TRADE CUSTOMS.pdf
GUIA_LEGAL_CHAPTER_4_FOREIGN TRADE CUSTOMS.pdf
ProexportColombia1
 
Online music portal management system project report.pdf
Online music portal management system project report.pdfOnline music portal management system project report.pdf
Online music portal management system project report.pdf
Kamal Acharya
 
Unit 1 Information Storage and Retrieval
Unit 1 Information Storage and RetrievalUnit 1 Information Storage and Retrieval
Unit 1 Information Storage and Retrieval
KishorMahale5
 
Conservation of Taksar through Economic Regeneration
Conservation of Taksar through Economic RegenerationConservation of Taksar through Economic Regeneration
Conservation of Taksar through Economic Regeneration
PriyankaKarn3
 
Unblocking The Main Thread - Solving ANRs and Frozen Frames
Unblocking The Main Thread - Solving ANRs and Frozen FramesUnblocking The Main Thread - Solving ANRs and Frozen Frames
Unblocking The Main Thread - Solving ANRs and Frozen Frames
Sinan KOZAK
 
Evento anual Splunk .conf24 Highlights recap
Evento anual Splunk .conf24 Highlights recapEvento anual Splunk .conf24 Highlights recap
Evento anual Splunk .conf24 Highlights recap
Rafael Santos
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction to Project Management
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction to Project ManagementSoftware Engineering and Project Management - Introduction to Project Management
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction to Project Management
 
OCS Training - Rig Equipment Inspection - Advanced 5 Days_IADC.pdf
OCS Training - Rig Equipment Inspection - Advanced 5 Days_IADC.pdfOCS Training - Rig Equipment Inspection - Advanced 5 Days_IADC.pdf
OCS Training - Rig Equipment Inspection - Advanced 5 Days_IADC.pdf
 
Profiling of Cafe Business in Talavera, Nueva Ecija: A Basis for Development ...
Profiling of Cafe Business in Talavera, Nueva Ecija: A Basis for Development ...Profiling of Cafe Business in Talavera, Nueva Ecija: A Basis for Development ...
Profiling of Cafe Business in Talavera, Nueva Ecija: A Basis for Development ...
 
22519 - Client-Side Scripting Language (CSS) chapter 1 notes .pdf
22519 - Client-Side Scripting Language (CSS) chapter 1 notes .pdf22519 - Client-Side Scripting Language (CSS) chapter 1 notes .pdf
22519 - Client-Side Scripting Language (CSS) chapter 1 notes .pdf
 
Best Practices of Clothing Businesses in Talavera, Nueva Ecija, A Foundation ...
Best Practices of Clothing Businesses in Talavera, Nueva Ecija, A Foundation ...Best Practices of Clothing Businesses in Talavera, Nueva Ecija, A Foundation ...
Best Practices of Clothing Businesses in Talavera, Nueva Ecija, A Foundation ...
 
IS Code SP 23: Handbook on concrete mixes
IS Code SP 23: Handbook  on concrete mixesIS Code SP 23: Handbook  on concrete mixes
IS Code SP 23: Handbook on concrete mixes
 
Social media management system project report.pdf
Social media management system project report.pdfSocial media management system project report.pdf
Social media management system project report.pdf
 
SCADAmetrics Instrumentation for Sensus Water Meters - Core and Main Training...
SCADAmetrics Instrumentation for Sensus Water Meters - Core and Main Training...SCADAmetrics Instrumentation for Sensus Water Meters - Core and Main Training...
SCADAmetrics Instrumentation for Sensus Water Meters - Core and Main Training...
 
Vernier Caliper and How to use Vernier Caliper.ppsx
Vernier Caliper and How to use Vernier Caliper.ppsxVernier Caliper and How to use Vernier Caliper.ppsx
Vernier Caliper and How to use Vernier Caliper.ppsx
 
21EC63_Module1B.pptx VLSI design 21ec63 MOS TRANSISTOR THEORY
21EC63_Module1B.pptx VLSI design 21ec63 MOS TRANSISTOR THEORY21EC63_Module1B.pptx VLSI design 21ec63 MOS TRANSISTOR THEORY
21EC63_Module1B.pptx VLSI design 21ec63 MOS TRANSISTOR THEORY
 
Quadcopter Dynamics, Stability and Control
Quadcopter Dynamics, Stability and ControlQuadcopter Dynamics, Stability and Control
Quadcopter Dynamics, Stability and Control
 
Development of Chatbot Using AI/ML Technologies
Development of  Chatbot Using AI/ML TechnologiesDevelopment of  Chatbot Using AI/ML Technologies
Development of Chatbot Using AI/ML Technologies
 
L-3536-Cost Benifit Analysis in ESIA.pptx
L-3536-Cost Benifit Analysis in ESIA.pptxL-3536-Cost Benifit Analysis in ESIA.pptx
L-3536-Cost Benifit Analysis in ESIA.pptx
 
LeetCode Database problems solved using PySpark.pdf
LeetCode Database problems solved using PySpark.pdfLeetCode Database problems solved using PySpark.pdf
LeetCode Database problems solved using PySpark.pdf
 
GUIA_LEGAL_CHAPTER_4_FOREIGN TRADE CUSTOMS.pdf
GUIA_LEGAL_CHAPTER_4_FOREIGN TRADE CUSTOMS.pdfGUIA_LEGAL_CHAPTER_4_FOREIGN TRADE CUSTOMS.pdf
GUIA_LEGAL_CHAPTER_4_FOREIGN TRADE CUSTOMS.pdf
 
Online music portal management system project report.pdf
Online music portal management system project report.pdfOnline music portal management system project report.pdf
Online music portal management system project report.pdf
 
Unit 1 Information Storage and Retrieval
Unit 1 Information Storage and RetrievalUnit 1 Information Storage and Retrieval
Unit 1 Information Storage and Retrieval
 
Conservation of Taksar through Economic Regeneration
Conservation of Taksar through Economic RegenerationConservation of Taksar through Economic Regeneration
Conservation of Taksar through Economic Regeneration
 
Unblocking The Main Thread - Solving ANRs and Frozen Frames
Unblocking The Main Thread - Solving ANRs and Frozen FramesUnblocking The Main Thread - Solving ANRs and Frozen Frames
Unblocking The Main Thread - Solving ANRs and Frozen Frames
 
Evento anual Splunk .conf24 Highlights recap
Evento anual Splunk .conf24 Highlights recapEvento anual Splunk .conf24 Highlights recap
Evento anual Splunk .conf24 Highlights recap
 

2D_transformatiomcomputer graphics 2d translation, rotation and scaling transformation and matrix representation

  • 2. Transformation  An operation that changes one configuration into another  Types of Transformation:  Geometric transformation  Object itself is transformed relative to a stationary co- ordinate  Co-ordinate transformation  Co-ordinate system is transformed relative to an object.  Object is held stationary
  • 3. 2D Geometric Transformations  A two dimensional transformation is any operation on a point in space (x, y) that maps that point's coordinates into a new set of coordinates (x1, y1).  Instead of applying a transformation to every point in every line that makes up an object, the transformation is applied only to the vertices of the object and then new lines are drawn between the resulting endpoints.
  • 5. Basic 2D Translation  To move a line segment, apply the transformation equation to each of the two line endpoints and redraw the line between new endpoints  To move a polygon, apply the transformation equation to coordinates of each vertex and regenerate the polygon using the new set of vertex coordinates
  • 6. 2D Translation  One of rigid-body transformation, which move objects without deformation  Translate an object by Adding offsets to coordinates to generate new coordinates positions  Set tx, ty be the translation distance, we have  P’=P+T  Translation moves the object without deformation P P’ T x t x ' x   y t y ' y          y x P        y x t t T        ' y ' x ' P
  • 7. Translation  A translation moves all points in an object along the same straight-line path to new positions[ Linear Displacement].  The path is represented by a vector, called the translation or shift vector.  We can write the components: X’= X + tx Y’= Y+ ty  or in matrix form: P' = P + T tx ty x’ y’ x y tx ty = + (2, 2) = 6 =4 ?
  • 8. Example Translate a polygon with coordinates A(2,5), B(7,10) and c(10,2) by 3 units in x direction and 4 units in y direction
  • 9. 2D Rotation  Object is rotated ϴ° about the origin.  ϴ > 0 – rotation is counter clock wise  ϴ < 0 – rotation is clock wise 6    y x 0 1 1 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 3 4 5 6
  • 10. Rotation  A rotation repositions all points in an object along a circular path in the plane centered at the pivot point.  First, we’ll assume the pivot is at the origin.  P P’
  • 11. Rotation • Review Trigonometry => cos  = x/r , sin = y/r • x = r. cos , y = r.sin    P(x,y) x y r x’ y’  P’(x’, y’) r => cos (+ ) = x’/r •x’ = r. cos (+ ) •x’ = r.coscos -r.sinsin •x’ = x.cos  – y.sin  =>sin (+ ) = y’/r y’ = r. sin (+ ) •y’ = r.cossin + r.sincos •y’ = x.sin  + y.cos  Identity of Trigonometry
  • 12. Rotation • We can write the components: p' = xcos  – ysin  p' = xsin  + y cos  • or in matrix form: P' = R • P •  can be clockwise (-ve) or counterclockwise (+ve as our example). • Rotation matrix  P(x,y)  x y r x’ y’  P’(x’, y’)             cos sin sin cos R
  • 13. 2-D Rotation x = r cos () y = r sin () x’ = r cos ( + ) y’ = r sin ( + ) Trig Identity… x’ = r cos() cos() – r sin() sin() y’ = r sin() sin() + r cos() cos() Substitute… x’ = x cos() - y sin() y’ = x sin() + y cos()  (x, y) (x’, y’) 
  • 14. Basic 2D Geometric Transformations  2D Rotation  Rotation for a point about any specified position (xr, yr) x’=xr+(x - xr) cos θ – (y - yr) sin θ y’=yr+(x - xr) sin θ + (y - yr) cos θ
  • 15.  Example  Find the transformed point, P’, caused by rotating P= (5, 1) about the origin through an angle of 90. Rotation                                    cos sin sin cos cos sin sin cos y x y x y x              90 cos 1 90 sin 5 90 sin 1 90 cos 5              0 1 1 5 1 1 0 5        5 1
  • 16.  Rotations also move objects without deformation  A line is rotated by applying the rotation formula to each of the endpoints and redrawing the line between the new end points  A polygon is rotated by applying the rotation formula to each of the vertices and redrawing the polygon using new vertex coordinates
  • 17. Example A point (4,3) is rotated counterclockwise by an angle 45° find the rotation matrix and resultant point.
  • 18. Basic 2D Geometric Transformations  2D Scaling  Scaling is the process of expanding or compressing the dimension of an object  Simple 2D scaling is performed by multiplying object positions (x, y) by scaling factors sx and sy x’ = x · sx y’ = y · sy or P’ = S·P                     y x s s y x y x 0 0 ' ' P(x,y) P’(x’,y’) x sx x sy y y
  • 19. Scaling • Scaling changes the size of an object and involves two scale factors, Sx and Sy for the x- and y- coordinates respectively. • Scales are about the origin. • We can write the components: p' = sx • p p' = sy • p or in matrix form: P' = S • P Scale matrix as:        y x s s S 0 0 P P’
  • 20. Scaling • If the scale factors are in between 0 and 1  the points will be moved closer to the origin  the object will be smaller. P(2, 5) P’ • Example : •P(2, 5), Sx = 0.5, Sy = 0.5 •Find P’ ?
  • 21. Scaling • If the scale factors are in between 0 and 1  the points will be moved closer to the origin  the object will be smaller. P(2, 5) P’ • Example : •P(2, 5), Sx = 0.5, Sy = 0.5 •Find P’ ? •If the scale factors are larger than 1  the points will be moved away from the origin  the object will be larger. P’ • Example : •P(2, 5), Sx = 2, Sy = 2 •Find P’ ?
  • 22. Scaling • If the scale factors are the same, Sx = Sy  uniform scaling • Only change in size (as previous example) P(1, 2) P’ •If Sx  Sy  differential scaling. •Change in size and shape •Example : square  rectangle •P(1, 3), Sx = 2, Sy = 5 , P’ ? What does scaling by 1 do? What is that matrix called? What does scaling by a negative value do?
  • 23. 2D Scaling  Any positive value can be used as scaling factor  Sf < 1 reduce the size of the object  Sf > 1 enlarge the object  Sf = 1 then the object stays unchanged  If sx = sy , we call it uniform scaling  If scaling factor <1, then the object moves closer to the origin and If scaling factor >1, then the object moves farther from the origin y x 0 1 1 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 3 4 5 6       1 2       1 3       3 6       3 9
  • 24. Basic 2D Geometric Transformations  2D Scaling  We can control the location of the scaled object by choosing a position called the fixed point (xf, yf) x’ – xf = (x – xf) sx y’ – yf = (y – yf) sy x’=x · sx + xf (1 – sx) y’=y · sy + yf (1 – sy)  Polygons are scaled by applying the above formula to each vertex, then regenerating the polygon using the transformed vertices
  • 25. Example Scale the polygon with co-ordinates A(2,5), B(7,10) and c(10,2) by 2 units in x direction and 2 units in y direction
  • 26. Homogeneous Coordinates  Expand each 2D coordinate (x, y) to three element representation (xh, yh, h) called homogenous coordinates  h is the homogenous parameter such that x = xh/h, y = yh/h,  A convenient choice is to choose h = 1
  • 27. Homogeneous Coordinates for translation  2D Translation Matrix or, P’ = T(tx,ty)·P                                 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 ' ' y x t t y x y x
  • 28. Homogeneous Coordinates for rotation  2D Rotation Matrix or, P’ = R(θ)·P                                      1 1 0 0 0 cos sin 0 sin cos 1 ' ' y x y x
  • 29. Homogeneous Coordinates for scaling  2D Scaling Matrix or, P’ = S(sx,sy)·P                                 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 ' ' y x s s y x y x
  • 30. Inverse Transformations  2D Inverse Translation Matrix               1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 y x t t T
  • 31. Inverse Transformations  2D Inverse Rotation Matrix                  1 0 0 0 cos sin 0 sin cos 1 R
  • 32. Inverse Transformations  2D Inverse Scaling Matrix                   1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 y x s s S
  • 33. 2D Composite Transformations  We can setup a sequence of transformations as a composite transformation matrix by calculating the product of the individual transformations  P’=M2·M1·P P’=M·P
  • 34. 2D Composite Transformations  Composite 2D Translations                                   1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 y y x x y x y x t t t t t t t t
  • 35. 2D Composite Transformations  Composite 2D Rotations                                                        1 0 0 0 ) cos( ) sin( 0 ) sin( ) cos( 1 0 0 0 cos sin 0 sin cos 1 0 0 0 cos sin 0 sin cos 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2
  • 36. 2D Composite Transformations  Composite 2D Scaling                                   1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 y y x x y x y x s s s s s s s s
  • 42. Example I sat in the car, and find the side mirror is 0.4m on my right and 0.3m in my front • I started my car and drove 5m forward, turned 30 degrees to right, moved 5m forward again, and turned 45 degrees to the right, and stopped • What is the position of the side mirror now, relative to where I was sitting in the beginning?
  • 43. Other Two Dimensional Transformations  Reflection  Transformation that produces a mirror image of an object  Image is generated relative to an axis of reflection by rotating the object 180° about the reflection axis
  • 44. Reflection about the line y=0 (the x axis)            1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
  • 45. Reflection about the line x=0 (the y axis)           1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
  • 46. Reflection about the origin             1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
  • 48. Example Consider the triangle ABC with co- ordinates x(4,1), y(5,2), z(4,3). Reflect the triangle about the x axis and then about the line y = -x
  • 49. Shear  Transformation that distorts the shape of an object is called shear transformation.  Two shearing transformation used:  Shift X co-ordinates values  Shift Y co-ordinates values
  • 50. X shear y x (0,1) (1,1) (1,0) (0,0) y x (2,1) (3,1) (1,0) (0,0) shx=2           1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 x sh y y y sh x x x     ' '  Preserve Y coordinates but change the X coordinates values
  • 51. Y shear  Preserve X coordinates but change the Y coordinates values x’ = x y’ = y + Shy . x y x (0,1) (1,1) (1,0) (0,0) y x (0,1) (1,2) (1,1) (0,0)           1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 y sh
  • 52. Example Perform x shear and y shear along on a triangle A(2,1), B(4,3), C(2,3) sh = 2
  • 53. Shear relative to other axis  X shear with reference to Y axis x y 1 1 yref = -1 x shx = ½, yref = -1 1 1 2 3 yref = -1 ( ) x ref x x sh y y y y       1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 x x ref x sh sh y x y y                              
  • 54. Shear relative to other axis  Y shear with reference to X axis ( ) y ref x x y y sh x x       1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 x y ref x x y sh sh x y                               x y 1 1 xref = -1 y x 1 1 2 xref = -1
  • 55. Basic 2D Geometric Transformations  2D Rotation matrix  P’=R·P             cos sin sin cos R Φ (x,y) r r θ (x’,y’)                     y x y x     cos sin sin cos ' '