According to the Unity tutorial, the only folders that should be in version control are Assets and ProjectSettings. The rest of the assets and files that make a project are supposed to be generated by Unity. As a test I tried to open a project directory that only contained these folders. It loaded the project, it just would not run because some dependencies were missing.
It seems that critical assets imported from the Asset Store are not contained in either of these folders, nor are they automatically generated when a project is opened, they must be installed/imported manually the first time. My goal with my version control is to be able to do a fresh pull from git and be able to run the project off the bat.
The missing assets seem to be located in /Library/PackageCache/. Copying the folder to the test environment doesn't work, as this folder is cleared the first time Unity is run. What files do I need to keep to make this work?
visible meta files
instead of hidden .. it seems that your tutorial is a bit outdated as it states it is for Unity 4.3. if you are using stuff from the PackageManager in my experience so far I had to reimport the ones I needed anyway ...