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Low dim physics: Examples of confinement-deconfinement phases of U(1) gauge theory in 2 dimensions
Please provide some examples of confinement-deconfinement phases of U(1) gauge theory in 2 spacetime dimensions (Low dimwnsional physics).
U(1) gauge theory can be:
pure U(1) gauge theory, or
U(1) ...
user32229
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Why is Kitaev's toric code a $Z_2$ gauge theory?
I am reading Kitaev's 2003 paper. In the literature, it is often said that the model proposed in this paper is a $Z_2$ gauge theory. I don't quite see why it is the case. Where is the $Z_2$ gauge ...
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