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Among the seven frieze patterns, there are two, whose symmetry group is infinite cyclic.

For example, one may see first two in picture below (Ref: Gallian's book on algebra, Chapter on Frieze Groups and Crystallographic Groups) or in the link here.

The two frieze patterns with cyclic symmetry group are obtained as follows:

(1) Walk only by left foot in a straight line; then the pattern of foot-print is a frieze pattern.

(2) Walk as usual in a straight line; then the pattern of left-right foot prints is a frieze patterns.

Question: What is correct geometric way to distinguish these patterns? These patters are generated by repeated application of generator of symmetry group to a single foot-print (in positive and negative directions). For first one, it is just translation. For the second pattern, we repeatedly apply glide reflection.

Since, these patterns are one dimensional, so I was unable to compare translation and glide-reflection because they are different as motions in "2-dimensional plane" (orientation preserving-reversing).

enter image description here

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  • $\begingroup$ It's not quite right to assume that borders are one-dimensional. They don't fit in a straight line, they at least need a lane. These seven patterns have a symmetry group, in which the translation group is a cyclic group. $\endgroup$
    – kabenyuk
    Commented Jul 21, 2021 at 15:11
  • $\begingroup$ Then, among the first two, they have same symmetry group; how do we distinguish them? $\endgroup$ Commented Jul 21, 2021 at 15:13
  • $\begingroup$ They are distinguished by geometry but not by algebra. The first group consists only of translations, and the subgroup of translations is of index 2 in the second group. $\endgroup$
    – kabenyuk
    Commented Jul 21, 2021 at 15:24
  • $\begingroup$ I think, the groups can be distinguished "by actions": the translations keep each parallel line in the one-dimensional pattern invariant; whereas, the glide-reflection keeps only one line invariant - the line along which gliding (reflection) is done. $\endgroup$
    – Beginner
    Commented Aug 1, 2021 at 7:31

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