1
$\begingroup$

I came across this question

A Deck of 52 playing cards is shuffled and the cards are turned up and kept on the table. What is the probability that ace of spades comes right after an ace and 2 of clubs comes right after an ace?

I tried the following approach:

  1. Sample space consists of $52!$ orderings of the cards.
  2. Let an event A be all the orderings such that ace of spades is right next to an ace and two of clubs is right next to an ace.

lets denote the set of events described below as $B$. We visualize the 3 aces and denote their positions as $i, j, k (1 \leq i, j, k \leq 52)$
We can choose 3 slots in ${51\choose 3}$ ways (51 because we should not choose the $52^{nd}$ position as we need slots that have an empty slot right next to it. We can permute the 3 aces in these 3 slots in $3!$ ways. Out of these 3 slots, we can choose any 2 slots(for ace of spades and two of clubs) in ${3\choose 2} \cdot 2!(=P(3, 2))$. And the remaining 47 cards can be arranged in $47!$ ways.

Therefore, $$|B| = {51\choose 3} \cdot P(3, 2) \cdot 3! \cdot 47!$$

lets denote the set of events described below as $C$. We visualize the 3 aces with one ace in the $52^{nd}$ position. We can choose the remaining 2 slots in ${51\choose 2}$ ways. We can permute the 3 aces in these 3 slots in $3!$ ways. Out of these 2 slots, we can choose any 2 slots(for ace of spades and two of clubs) in $P(2, 2)$ ways. And the remaining 47 cards can be arranged in $47!$ ways. Therefore. $$|C| = {51\choose 2} \cdot P(2, 2) \cdot 3! \cdot 47!$$

Lets denote the set of events described below as $D$. We can choose from 50 positions for the 3 aces( we cannot choose the 51 and 52 positions because we need 2 empty slots right next to the ace), that is ${50 \choose 3}$ ways. The pair (ace of spades, 2 of clubs) can sit right next to either of these 3 slots in 3 ways. The remaining 47 cards can be arranged in $47!$ ways. Therefore, $$|D| = {50 \choose 3} \cdot 3! \cdot 3 \cdot 47!$$

$B$ and $C$ are mutually exclusive. Also, $|A| = |B| + |C| + |D|$. Therefore $$P(A) = {\dfrac{{51\choose 3} \cdot P(3, 2) \cdot 3! \cdot 47! + {51\choose 2} \cdot 3! \cdot P(2, 2) \cdot 47! + {50 \choose 3} \cdot 3! \cdot 3 \cdot 47!} {52!}} \approx 0.002404$$

Is my approach correct? If it is, is there a simpler approach? If not, please guide me to the correct approach via hints/solution. Thank you!
Note
The problem statement previous to this edit was

A Deck of 52 playing cards is shuffled and the cards are turned up and kept on the table. What is the probability that ace of spades and 2 of clubs come right after an ace?

The problem statement turned out to allow for multiple interpretations and @Math Lover's solution is a very elegant one for one of them. I am sorry for the inconvenience caused and will be careful to check that the problem statement is unambiguous before posting it.

$\endgroup$
10
  • 2
    $\begingroup$ Sadly, math problems are often posed in books or on the internet, with significant ambiguities, for the sake of brevity. Consider "What is the probability that ace of spades and 2 of clubs are adjacent to an ace?" It is unclear to me what this signifies. What happens if the 2 of clubs is adjacent to the Ace of spades, and to no other Ace? What does adjacent mean? Are the three cases where the 2 of clubs and Ace of spades are adjacent to each other, or separated by one card from each other, or separated by more than one card from each other, to be considered separately? $\endgroup$ Commented Mar 2, 2021 at 7:54
  • $\begingroup$ I don't think your calculation accounts for the possibility that two aces are adjacent to each other. $\endgroup$ Commented Mar 2, 2021 at 7:57
  • $\begingroup$ Re my previous comment, if it is required that the 2 of clubs and Ace of spades are each adjacent to one of the other 3 Aces, is it required or not required that the same other Ace be adjacent to both the 2 of Clubs and the Ace of Spades? $\endgroup$ Commented Mar 2, 2021 at 7:58
  • $\begingroup$ @user2661923 apologies for the ambiguity in the statement. I have revised the problem statement now. $\endgroup$
    – punter147
    Commented Mar 2, 2021 at 8:35
  • 2
    $\begingroup$ @MathLover I flagged you only because, since my comment reflected on your answer, you deserved to be notified. However, the point of my comment is to attempt to prod the OP into making the effort to select a specific interpretation, either yours or some other interpretation, and then edit his query so that the start of his query makes it crystal clear what his interpretation is. He has not yet provided the desired clarification. $\endgroup$ Commented Mar 3, 2021 at 11:43

1 Answer 1

2
$\begingroup$

Here is how I interpret it -

Question says ace of spades and $2$ of clubs come right after an ace. Number of arrangements where that happens is $2 \cdot 3 \cdot 50!$

Explanation: We need to consider $\{A \ \textbf{A} \ 2 \}$ as one combined card - that is arrangements of $50$ cards. Now the first ace can be any of the $3$ non-spade ace. Also, $2$ of club and ace of spade can swap places as question does not state their internal order.

So the probability should be $ \displaystyle \frac{2 \cdot 3 \cdot 50!}{52!}$

$\endgroup$
1
  • $\begingroup$ See my last comment, following the original query. $\endgroup$ Commented Mar 3, 2021 at 2:18

You must log in to answer this question.

Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged .