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The scutoid (Nature, Gizmodo, New Scientist, eurekalert) is a newly defined shape found in epithelial cells. It's a 5-prism with a truncated vertex. The g6 format of the graph is KsP`?_HCoW?T .

Scutoid

They are apparently a building block for living creatures. One simple set of vertices that look reasonable with planar faces is {{2,4,0},{0,4,2},{0,2,4},{2,0,4},{4,0,2},{4,2,0},{1,3,6},{3,1,6},{6,6,2},{4,16,14}/3,{16,4,14}/3,{5,5,0}}.

scutoid

What other mathematical properties do scutoids have? For example:

  1. Under what fixed parameters is the polyhedron a space-filler?
  2. If curved faces are allowed, are there more single-shape space-fillers?
  3. Is there a nice lattice representation with just a few different types of scutoid cells?
  4. What is the scutoid-building algorithm used by DNA?

Using code at Canonical Polyhedra, a canonical form looks like

canonical scutoid

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    $\begingroup$ Are you interested in the physical shape or the abstract polyhedron? The diagrams clearly suggest curved edges, and arguably 'concave' and 'convex' varieties of the shape. $\endgroup$
    – Steven Stadnicki
    Commented Jul 27, 2018 at 22:09
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    $\begingroup$ . . . nice . . . $\endgroup$
    – janmarqz
    Commented Jul 27, 2018 at 22:29
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    $\begingroup$ Both the physical shape and the abstract. $\endgroup$
    – Ed Pegg
    Commented Jul 28, 2018 at 0:49

2 Answers 2

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The green-yellow pic of yours looks like being interested in a stacking of layers. Then you would require a vertex layer of pentagons and hexagons, which just flips from one layer to the next those 2 shapes. And the medial vertex layer in between would intersect those shapes in a tiling with pentagonal shapes only. - Neither of those is possible to be done by regular polygons only.

As an aside one might add so, that these shapes look like a hybrid mixture of a prism and a cupola, thereby replacing the medial vertex by the simplex spanned by the neighbouring vertices each. - Sure, that derived space-filling then no longer uses just a single cell type, but might be considered easier non the less, as there are no additional vertex layers in between.

--- rk

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Partial answer only. According to mathematician Laura Taalman of James Madison University in her discussion after about 06:40 in the Standupmaths video THE SCUTOID: did scientists discover a new shape?, it is not a polyhedron as it indeed has several curved faces.

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