Let $R$ be a commutative ring, I always thought that finitely generated ideals are "small" and the non finitely generated ideals are "large" but this is not quite correct...
Lemma. In a non-noetherian ring $R$, there exists a maximal non finitely generated ideal w.r.t. set inclusion.
The proof is an application of Zorn's lemma.
Given the non empty collection $\mathcal{C}$ of non finitely generated ideals, if we have any ascending chain $$I_1\subset I_2\subset \cdots$$ we claim that the union $\bigcup_k I_k$ is an upper bound in $\mathcal{C}$.
$\bigcup_k I_k$ is an ideal because the union is nested, and if it is finitely generated (i.e. not in $\mathcal{C}$), then the set of finite generators must be contained in some $I_{n^*}$, and this finite set of generators would generate $I_{n^*}$ which contradicts $I_{n^*}\in \mathcal{C}$. By Zorn's lemma, there exists a maximal element in $\mathcal{C}$.
We call this maximal element $P$, then given any element $x\in R-P$, then we see that $P+\langle x\rangle$ must be finitely generated! Because $P\subsetneq P+\langle x\rangle$ and $P$ is the maximal non finitely generated ideal in $R$. So in a sense, a lot of these "large" ideals will be finitely generated.