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Resistance Exercise Inter-Set Cooling Strategy: Effect on Performance and Muscle Damage

Pedro Galoza, Felipe Sampaio-Jorge, Marco Machado, Ricardo Fonseca, and Pierre A. V. Silva

Purpose:

To compare the effect of inter-set cooling and no cooling during resistance exercise (RE) on the total repetitions and select muscle damage biomarker responses.

Methods:

Sixteen healthy men volunteered to participate in this study and were randomly assigned to Cooling (n = 8) or Control (n = 8) groups. They performed a RE protocol consisting of four sets of biceps curl at 80% of 1RM. The cooling group received the application of wet bags of ice during each inter-set rest interval (Cooling), while the Control realized the same protocol without ice application. Exercise was performed to voluntary fatigue and the numbers of repetitions per set were recorded. Subjects provided blood samples before and at 24, 48, and 72 h following RE to evaluate serum CK activity and myoglobin concentration.

Results:

The Cooling group produced a greater number of repetitions (approx. 21%) than did the Control, but there were no differences in serum CK activity and myoglobin responses between the groups.

Conclusion:

Incorporating inter-set external cooling augments the number of repetitions per set during RE without inducing an additional muscle damage biomarker response.

Cover International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

In International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance Volume 6 (2011): Issue 4 (Dec 2011)

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Effect of Whole-Body Periodic Acceleration on Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage after Eccentric Exercise

Daniel H. Serravite, Arlette Perry, Kevin A. Jacobs, Jose A. Adams, Kysha Harriell, and Joseph F. Signorile

Purpose:

To examine the effects of whole-body periodic acceleration (pGz) on exercise-induced-muscle-damage (EIMD) -related symptoms induced by unaccustomed eccentric arm exercise.

Methods:

Seventeen active young men (23.4 ± 4.6 y) made 6 visits to the research facility over a 2-wk period. On day 1, subjects performed a 1-repetition-maximum (1RM) elbowflexion test and were randomly assigned to the pGz (n = 8) or control group (n = 9). Criterion measurements were taken on day 2, before and immediately after performance of the eccentric-exercise protocol (10 sets, 10 repetitions using 120% 1RM) and after the recovery period. During subsequent sessions (24, 48, 72, and 96 h) these data were collected before pGz or passive recovery. Measurements included isometric strength (maximal voluntary contraction [MVC]), blood markers (creatine kinase, myoglobin, IL-6, TNF-α, TBARS, PGF2α, protein carbonyls, uric acid, and nitrites), soreness, pain, circumference, and range of motion (ROM).

Results:

Significantly higher MVC values were seen for pGz throughout the recovery period. Within-group differences were seen in myoglobin, IL-6, IL-10, protein carbonyls, soreness, pain, circumference, and ROM showing small negative responses and rapid recovery for the pGz condition.

Conclusion:

Our results demonstrate that pGz can be an effective tool for the reduction of EIMD and may contribute to the training-adaptation cycle by speeding up the recovery of the body due to its performance-loss-lessening effect.

Cover International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

In International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance Volume 9 (2014): Issue 6 (Nov 2014)

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Indirect Markers of Muscle Damage Throughout the Menstrual Cycle

Nuria Romero-Parra, Victor Manuel Alfaro-Magallanes, Beatriz Rael, Rocío Cupeiro, Miguel A. Rojo-Tirado, Pedro J. Benito, Ana B. Peinado, and on behalf of the IronFEMME Study Group*

A bout of strenuous or unaccustomed exercise could trigger damage to muscle tissues, specifically sarcomeres and myofibers. Muscle-damage response is mainly characterized by loss of muscle strength, reduction in range of movement (ROM), increase in muscle soreness and limb girth, and release of

Cover International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

In International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance Volume 16 (2021): Issue 2 (Feb 2021)

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Muscle Damage: Nutritional Considerations

William J. Evans

Most exercise results in some skeletal muscle damage. However, unaccustomed exercise andlor eccentric exercise can cause extensive damage. This exercise-induced muscle damage causes a response that can be characterized by a cascade of metabolic events. Within 24 to 48 hours, delayed onset muscle soreness and weakness, the most obvious manifestations of the damage, peak. Increased circulating neutrophils and interleukin-1 occurs within 24 hours after the exercise, with skeletal muscle levels remaining elevated for a much longer time. There is a prolonged increase in ultrastructural damage and muscle protein degradation as well as a depletion of muscle glycogen stores. These metabolic alterations may result in the increased need for dietary protein, particularly at the beginning of a training program that has a high eccentric component such as strength training. The delay in muscle repair and glycogen repletion following damaging exercise should cause coaches and athletes to allow an adequate period of time between competition for complete recovery.

Cover International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

In International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism Volume 1 (1991): Issue 3 (Sep 1991)

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Aging and Recovery After Resistance-Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage: Current Evidence and Implications for Future Research

John F.T. Fernandes, Kevin L. Lamb, Jonathan P. Norris, Jason Moran, Benjamin Drury, Nattai R. Borges, and Craig Twist

concerns around impaired recovery. An acute consequence of unaccustomed resistance training is exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD), which involves damage to the muscle ultrastructure, particularly when it comprises high-volume and/or eccentrically biased muscle actions ( Hortobágyi et al., 1998 ; Roth

Cover Journal of Aging and Physical Activity

In Journal of Aging and Physical Activity Volume 29 (2021): Issue 3 (Jun 2021)

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Acute (0-2h) and Delayed (2-8D) Effects of Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage and Soreness on Elbow Target Movements

Reijo Bottas, Kari Miettunen, Paavo Komi, and Vesa Linnamo

The aim was to examine the acute and delayed effects of exercise-induced muscle damage and soreness on elbow target movements (TM) performance and control. Ten males performed an exercise of 50 maximal eccentric elbow actions. TMs were performed at three movement ranges. Maximal forces, active stretch reflex and TM were tested, and muscle soreness, creatine kinase and elbow joint stiffness were determined acute (after and 2 h) and delayed (2, 4, 6, 8d) postexercise. Both the long lasting muscle soreness and force drop were observed after the exercise. Joint stiffness was increased at 2 h postexercise. The highest deterioration in flexion-TM performance was found at the time (2 h) and at the elbow angles (most flexed) where force drop was the greatest. The increased TM time was concomitant with the flexors changed timing, decreased peak EMG, and with their reduced stretch reflex amplitude. However, the effects on triphasic EMG activity pattern of TM were not joint angle specific. Dysfunction of fastest motor units and the sensitization of small group III / IV muscle afferents might have been responsible for the amplitude modulations of the activity pattern.

Cover Motor Control

In Motor Control Volume 15 (2011): Issue 4 (Oct 2011)

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Muscle Damage During a Soccer World Cup Preparatory and Competition Period

Daniel Bok and Igor Jukić

Postmatch fatigue is caused by a combination of several factors including muscle damage 4 , 5 induced by executing numerous high-intensity eccentric muscle contractions. 6 Muscle damage after a soccer match can cause severe muscle soreness, and it can negatively influence athletic performance for several

Cover International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

In International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance Volume 15 (2020): Issue 4 (Apr 2020)

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Acute Consumption of Varied Doses of Cocoa Flavanols Does Not Influence Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage

Liam D. Corr, Adam Field, Deborah Pufal, Jenny Killey, Tom Clifford, Liam D. Harper, and Robert J. Naughton

Eccentric muscle contractions are typically responsible for the muscular disruption that leads to exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD; Nikolaidis et al., 2007 ). Therefore, resistance training and intermittent high-intensity exercise often evoke EIMD ( Owens et al., 2019 ). Consequences of EIMD

Cover International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

In International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism Volume 30 (2020): Issue 5 (Sep 2020)

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The Influence of Compression Socks During a Marathon on Exercise-Associated Muscle Damage

Amanda L. Zaleski, Linda S. Pescatello, Kevin D. Ballard, Gregory A. Panza, William Adams, Yuri Hosokawa, Paul D. Thompson, and Beth A. Taylor

The benefits of regular sustained aerobic exercise are indisputable; however, extreme endurance events, such as a marathon foot race (42.2 km), can be associated with marked muscle damage, inflammation, and injury. 1 – 3 Compression socks have become increasingly popular to wear during and

Cover Journal of Sport Rehabilitation

In Journal of Sport Rehabilitation Volume 28 (2019): Issue 7 (Sep 2019)

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High-Acceleration Movement, Muscle Damage, and Perceived Exertion in Basketball Games

Takeshi Koyama, Akira Rikukawa, Yasuharu Nagano, Shogo Sasaki, Hiroshi Ichikawa, and Norikazu Hirose

quasi-isometric contraction, leading to poor conditioning and muscle damage. 6 – 9 Creatine kinase (CK) in the blood is often used as an indirect indicator of muscle damage, with its release from the muscle tissue into the blood being associated with disruption of the muscle cell membrane. 10 In a

Cover International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

In International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance Volume 17 (2022): Issue 1 (Jan 2022)