Questions tagged [acid-base]
This tag should be applied to questions concerning acid and base reactions. An acid is capable of donating a hydron/ proton (Brønsted acid) or capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron pair (Lewis acid). A base on the other hand is a chemical species/ molecular entity having an available pair of electrons capable of forming a covalent bond with a hydron/ proton (Brønsted base) or with the vacant orbital of some other species (Lewis base).
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When does "always add acid" not apply? [duplicate]
I've been taught a LONG time ago to AAA "Always Add Acid". I've recently come across what feels like an exception to that rule when making piranha solution (you add the H2O2 to the acid). I'...
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Which hydrogens are the most acidic in a THF molecule?
Which hydrogens are the most acidic in a THF molecule? I understand the main factors that influence acidity, but I can't seem to figure this one out and I have not gotten any answers on the internet.
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What chemical species is really acting as oxidizer in hot concentrated sulfuric acid [duplicate]
In some japanese website it is written that hot conc sulfuric acid has greater oxidation power than that of normal temperature since it contains sulfur trioxide formed by decomposition of the sulfuric ...
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pKa and pKb in solvents other than water
I know that when you have aqueous solutions, then the pKa and the pKb are linked to each other (pKa + pKb = 14). Is there an equivalent relationship between pKa and pKb in non aqueous environments? I'...
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Why do grignard reagents add to carbonyls at the carbonyl carbon, and not deprotonate at the alpha carbon to form an enol? [duplicate]
I thought that since grignards are such strong bases that they would be immediately protonated by the alpha hydrogen since it is an acidic hydrogen. However, I keep seeing answers that are saying that ...
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Any compound which can react with some unknown calcium compound [closed]
I have a body made of steel which needs to be cooled, and it is used tap water to do it and over the time that water has deposited some kind of calcium compound inside the cavity where it's running ...
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What is something that is a strong acid and a strong reducing agent, but not a reducing agent because of the conjugate base of that acid? [closed]
So 2 answers I am not looking for is HI and formic acid. Although both of them are acids, HI and formic acid are not doing the reducing, but their conjugate forms, I- and HCOO- are doing the reducing, ...
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is phenolate a strong or weak base? and why?
is phenolate a strong or weak base? I have read somewhere that it would be a weak base. However, since phenolate is the conjugate base of phenol, which is a weak acid, I would think that phenolate is ...
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How does a dry shampoo work?
From my chemistry knowledge, I know that soaps are made from fatty acids and some sort of base and this reaction also gives us $\ce{H_2O}$ so the grease in hair dissolves and gets washed away in water....
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How to calculate the pH of a solution with addition of a complex
The scenario is this. I have $50$ mL of $0.1$ M $\ce{NH4^+}$ at a certain temperature which gives it a $K_a=5.2\times 10^{-8}$. To this solution, I add $0.02$ moles of $\ce{Cd(NO_3)_2}$. It is known ...
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Using acetic acid to make vinegar [closed]
I'm aware that a very similar question has been answered, however that only deals with powdered form and there is no information about food safety in there.
From what I understand, white vinegar is ...
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Strong acid definition
Strong acids are defined as being stronger than $\ce{H3O+}$ and thus dissociate completely in water. However, what does it mean exactly to be stronger than $\ce{H3O+}$? Is it the Ka value? Also, what ...
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Temperature change when mixing different ratios of NaOH and H2SO4 solutions [closed]
Under the same conditions, mixing how many ml of 1M $\ce{KOH}$ solution and 0.5M $\ce{H2SO4}$ solutions to form a total volume of 100ml produces a rise in temperature?
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Understanding the Composition of Sodium Zincate (Na2ZnO2) Formed from Zinc and Sodium Hydroxide Reaction
I've recently conducted an experiment where I reacted zinc with sodium hydroxide to form sodium zincate (Na2ZnO2). However, I'm having trouble comprehending why sodium zincate has the composition ...
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Is size or electronegativity more important in acidity?
For the molecule below, is the hydrogen with the oxygen more acidic or is it the one with sulfur?
Since both parts have the same number of resonance structures, I'm guessing it just boils down to ...
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Can acid-base reaction occur if two compounds (one acidic and one basic) are added to each other while being in their molten states/pure form?
I am a 14 year old school student and have been told that acid-base reactions occur in aqueous solutions only for they produce ions in aqueous solutions only and I can’t help but wonder if they can ...
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Why is sodium zincate two sodium ions and two oxygen ions but only one zinc ion? [closed]
$2$NaOH + Zn ---> Na2ZnO2+H2
I have always been fascinated by this reaction because it never made sense to me why sodium zincate has such a strange composition. Why does it have two sodium and ...
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Does lime juice "alkanize" in the body? [duplicate]
My brothers and I have a dispute. They claim lime juice alkanizes in the body. I contest as an acid it remains acidic in the body. My guess is they are confusing "lime water" with "...
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Why is m-fluorophenol less acidic than m-chlorophenol?
Why is m-Fluorophenol less acidic than all the other m-Halophenols, even though it has the most inductive effect
The data is from :
A guidebook to Mechanism in organic chemistry for the JEE, 6th ...
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The contact process
In the contact process, concentrated sulphuric acid instead of water is used to absorb the sulphur trioxide gas produced.One of the reasons suggested online is that the reaction between sulphur ...
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Reaction of ammonium sulfate with an acid?
Consider the following
Which statements are properties of an acid? Statement 1: React with ammonium sulfate to form ammonia. Statement 2: Red litmus turns blue.
Obviously stataement 2 is false. ...
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Why is pH the most commonly known acidity scale when there are more intuitive ones?
Consider the switch from $$\operatorname{pH} = -\log_{10}\left(\left[\ce{H3O+}\right]\right)$$ to $$\operatorname{acidity} = +\log_{10}\left(\frac{\left[\ce{H3O+}\right]}{\left[\ce{OH-}\right]}\right)$...
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Acidic Strength comparison
I wanted to compare the acidic strength of aniline and water.
Water on losing hydrogen gives $OH^-$ and aniline on releasing H gives $\ce{Ph-NH-}$ and this -ve charge goes into resonance so the -ve ...
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Using a sulfate test to determine % sulfuric acid
I work as an amino acid lab technician in a production facility, and we've been tasked with figuring out how to determine the amount of sulfuric acid remaining in a solution made in our plant. ...
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How does an organic acid change the structure of chrysotile asbestos?
This patent (https://patents.google.com/patent/US5041277A/en) describes how dilute acids such as lactic acid and acetic acid can change the fibrous structure of chrysotile asbestos with up to 98% ...
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Chemistry behind cleaning with vinegar vs citric acid; do they work differently? Should I prepare the same pH solutions to compare them?
I noticed a pack of "Mysterious Citric Acid" while out shopping so I picked it up to see what the big deal was. Several palates of the stuff had just arrived at a local outlet store. I ...
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Why is it that in a buffer solution the equilibrium concentrations may be assumed to be the initial concentrations? [duplicate]
Considering the Henderson–Hasselbalch equation,
$$\text{pH} = \text{p}K_a + \lg \frac{[\ce{AcO⁻}]} {[\ce{AcOH}]}$$
$$\text{p}K_a = \lg \frac{[\ce{AcO⁻}][\ce{H⁺}]} {[\ce{AcOH}]}$$
Why are the values ...
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Why does p-aminophenol oxidize in acid solution
I'm reading Bard's Electrochemical Methods. He cites the oxidation of p-aminophenol in acid solution. I haven't taken organic chemistry in a while and don't understand why oxidation takes place in ...
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Creating Chloramines
I'm currently conducting some testing related to indoor pool environments.
Here I believe, airborne chloramines are responsible for stress corrosion cracking in austenitic stainless steels.
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Reducing vaporization of concentrated hydrochloric acid solution
I have this bottle of hydrochloric acid solution. Although I do not know its concentration but I know it is quite concentrated. Every time I open it the fumes would get to all the places.
I have an ...
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