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Morokho

Livela

IMorocco </img> ), ngokusemthethweni uBukumkani baseMorocco, lilizwe elikummandla waseMaghreb kuMntla-ntshona weAfrika . Ijonge uLwandle lweMeditera emantla kunye noLwandlekazi lweAtlantiki ngasentshona, kwaye inemida yomhlaba kunye neAlgeria ngasempuma, kunye nommandla ophikisanayo weNtshona yeSahara emazantsi . IMauritania imi kumazantsi eNtshona yeSahara. I-Morocco iphinda ibango i -Spanish exclaves ye -Ceuta, i-Melilla kunye ne-Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera, kunye neziqithi ezincinci ezilawulwa yi-Spanish ezikunxweme lwayo. [1] Igubungela ummandla wama- [2] okanye, enabemi abamalunga nezigidi ezingama-37. Unqulo lwayo olusemthethweni noluphambili bubuSilamsi, kwaye iilwimi ezisemthethweni sisiArabhu nesiBerber ; Isiyelelane saseMorocco sesiArabhu nesiFrentshi sikwathethwa kakhulu. Isazisi saseMorocco kunye nenkcubeko yingxubevange yama -Arabhu, amaBerber, amaAfrika kunye neenkcubeko zaseYurophu . Ikomkhulu layo yiRabat, ngelixa eyona dolophu inkulu iyiCasablanca . [3]

Kwingingqi ehlala abantu ukususela kwixesha le- Paleolithic kwiminyaka eyi-300,000 eyadlulayo, ilizwe lokuqala laseMorocco lasekwa ngu -Idris I ngo-788. Emva koko yalawulwa luthotho lweedynasties ezizimeleyo, yafikelela kwinqanaba layo njengamandla engingqi kwi-11th kunye ne-12th inkulungwane, phantsi kwe- Almoravid kunye ne-Almohad dynasties, xa yayilawula uninzi lwePeninsula yase-Iberia kunye neMaghreb. [4] Iinkulungwane zokufuduka kwama-Arabhu ukuya eMaghreb ukusukela kwinkulungwane yesi-7 yatshintsha indawo yaseMorocco. Ngenkulungwane ye-15 neye-16, iMorocco yajongana nezoyikiso zangaphandle kulawulo lwayo, kunye nePortugal yathatha indawo ethile kunye noBukhosi base-Ottoman bungena empuma. Ubukhosi baseMarinid kunye noSaadi ngenye indlela baxhathisa ulawulo lwamazwe angaphandle, kwaye iMorocco yayikuphela kwelizwe laseMntla Afrika elasinda kulawulo lwase-Ottoman. Ubukhosi be-'Alawi, obulawula ilizwe ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje, bahlutha amandla ngo-1631, kwaye kwiinkulungwane ezimbini ezalandelayo bandisa ubudlelwane bezozakuzo kunye nezorhwebo kunye nehlabathi laseNtshona . Indawo yobuchule yaseMorocco kufutshane nomlomo weMeditera yavuselela umdla waseYurophu; Ngo-1912, iFransi neSpain zahlula ilizwe lazizikhuselo ezihlukeneyo, zigcina indawo yamazwe ngamazwe eTangier . Ukulandela izidubedube eziqhubekayo kunye nokuvukela ulawulo lwamakholoniyali, ngo-1956, iMorocco yaphinda yafumana uzimele-geqe kwaye imanyana kwakhona.

Ukusukela kwinkululeko, iMorocco ihleli izinzile. Inoqoqosho lwesihlanu ngobukhulu e-Afrika kwaye inempembelelo ebalulekileyo kwi-Afrika nakwilizwe lama -Arabhu ; ithathwa njengegunya eliphakathi kwimicimbi yehlabathi kwaye inamalungu kuManyano lweArabhu, iManyano yeMeditera kunye neManyano yeAfrika . [5] I-Morocco lilizwe elimanyeneyo lomgaqo-siseko kunye nepalamente eyonyuliweyo. Isebe elilawulayo likhokelwa nguKumkani waseMorocco kunye nenkulumbuso, ngelixa amandla owiso-mthetho abekwe kumagumbi amabini epalamente: iNdlu yabaMeli kunye neNdlu yamaCeba . Amandla enkundla axhomekeke kwiNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko, enokuthi iphonononge ukuba semthethweni kwemithetho, unyulo kunye nohlolo. Ukumkani unegunya elikhulu lokulawula kunye nowiso-mthetho, ngakumbi emkhosini, inkqubo yangaphandle kunye nemicimbi yenkolo; angakhupha imimiselo ebizwa ngokuba ziidahirs, enegunya lomthetho, kwaye angayichitha ipalamente emva kokubonisana nenkulumbuso kunye nomongameli wenkundla yomgaqo-siseko.

I-Morocco ibanga ubunini bommandla ongalawulekiyo we- Western Sahara, ewunyule ukuba ngamaPhondo aseMazantsi . Ngowe-1975, emva kokuba iSpeyin ivumile ukuwushenxisa lo mmandla ize inike iMorocco neMauritania ukulawula, kwaqhambuka imfazwe yabanqolobi phakathi kwaloo magunya nabanye kubemi balapho . Ngowe-1979, iMauritania yaliyeka ibango layo kuloo mmandla, kodwa imfazwe yaqhubeka igquba. Ngowe-1991, kwenziwa isivumelwano sokuphelisa imfazwe, kodwa umbandela wolongamo awuzange uzinziswe. Namhlanje, iMorocco ibambe isibini kwisithathu sommandla, kwaye iinzame zokusombulula le ngxabano ukuza kuthi ga ngoku aziphumelelanga ukwaphula umqobo wezopolitiko.

  1. "Ceuta, Melilla profile" BBC News (in en-GB) 2018 retrieved 13 November 2018 
  2. "Land area (sq. km) – Morocco | Data" data.worldbank.org retrieved 15 February 2022 
  3. Jamil M. Abun-Nasr (20 August 1987) A History of the Maghrib in the Islamic Period Cambridge University Press ISBN 978-0-521-33767-0 
  4. Hall, John G.; Chelsea Publishing House (2002) North Africa Infobase Publishing ISBN 978-0-7910-5746-9 
  5. Balfour, Rosa (March 2009) "The Transformation of the Union for the Mediterranean" Mediterranean Politics 14 (1): 99–105 ISSN 1362-9395 doi:10.1080/13629390902747491  Unknown parameter |doi-access= ignored (help)