The document discusses technologies for developing efficient web-based GIS applications. It describes mapping technologies like static map renderers, slippy maps, and Flash mapping. It also covers database technologies like Oracle, SQL Server, and normalization. Development standards discussed include web wireframing, languages like ASP and PHP, protocols like SOAP, and a three-tier architecture. The conclusion recommends Flash mapping or slippy maps, Oracle database, wireframing, SOAP protocol, and a three-tier architecture for developing efficient web-based GIS applications.
2. Introduction
• Multimap ( 7.3 million in UK)
• Mapquest (47 million in US)
• 50,000 websites that took feeds from the Google Maps
(http://maps.google.com) site
• GIS-enabled web applications can utilize any of a number of
technologies and database platforms.
3. Insight Of The Paper
• Mapping, database, and development technologies
that are being used to develop high volume web-
based GIS applications
• Different technologies and their usefulness in
different scenarios in order to perform in a range of
circumstances.
4. • Public profiler (http://www.publicprofiler.org/worldnames)
• Flash maps
6. Static Map Renderers
• Render maps in the form of images.
• Do not allow any user interaction(static
images)
• Resulting map is very simple and easy to
interpret.
8. Slippy Maps Or Tile-based
• Widely used geo-visualisation techniques
• This technique works by dividing the map into a
discrete number of zoom levels, so that each zoom level
has an identical number of tiles.
• Google Maps, Microsoft Virtual Earth, Yahoo Maps,
Mapnik, Open Layers, MapTube and ArcGiS
• Dynamic and faster to load
10. FLASH MAPPING
• Based on Vector images( drawn dynamically
by using mathematical calculations which do
not allow the map to become distorted and
keeps it in the right shape).
• API into ArcGIS (ArcGIS Flex API) and Flash
with the Google Maps API
12. • APIs manage complex details of connectivity
using the GIS package and they provide an easy
to use interface for developers
• Flash Action Scripts
• Information might entail adding a point, line or
polygon, or equally might entail adding some
more complex graphics to the map, e.g. custom
navigation Flash controls
15. NORMALISATION
• Normalisation is a technique used to reduce
data redundancy while maintaining integrity of
the data in the database.
• Four forms
first, second and third Normal form, and the
Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF).
16. STORED PROCEDURES
• Stored in database dictionary as database objects
• Enhance the speed of data retrieval
• Stored procedures offer a number of important benefits over
queries.
• The DBMS only compiles them when they are called for the
first time(This improves the speed of access to the database
and enhances the performance).
17. DATABASE INDEX
• Enhancing the data retrieval speed
• Database indexes are created in one or more columns of
a table and enable a database system to perform rapid
random lookups on the database table
• Database index references the key-fields
• Clustered or
• Un-clustered
19. Web Wireframing
• Web wireframing is a unique concept in web site design and
development
• Web wireframing helps in creating a final design of the
website before its actual development
• Adobe Illustrator
(http://www.adobe.com/products/illustrator)
• Microsoft Visio(http://office.microsoft.com/visio)
• ProtoShare (http://www.protoshare.com)
21. example of a web wireframe, which demonstrates how
the web page will look like after development.
22. DEVELOPEMENT STANDARDS
• Windows only
ASP (Active Server Pages)
ASP.NET (Active Server Page dot Net)
• Any OS
PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor)
JSP (Java Server Pages)
23. COMMUNICATION
PROTOCOLS
• A GIS web application often stores temporary data in files
or communicates with other web applications over the web
• Common protocol is SOAP (Simple Object Access
Protocol):
• SOAP uses
XML (Extensible Markup Language)
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) for communication.
26. CONCLUSION
• This paper has described the different mapping technologies, database
standards, and web application development standards that are relevant to
the development of web GIS applications.
• Development of efficient web-based GIS applications
– Flash Mapping or Slippy as Mapping Technology
– Oracle is the system of choice for geospatial applications
– Web Wireframing for to design website.
– Use of a common communication protocol (SOAP)
– Three-tier web-based GIS applications Architecture