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Why should developers care about container security?

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Eric Smalling

Slides from my talk at SF Bay Cloud Native Containers Meetup Feb 2022 and SnykLive Stranger Danger on April 27, 2022. https://www.meetup.com/cloudnativecontainers/events/283721735/

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Why should developers care about container security? Eric Smalling | Sr. Developer Advocate @ Snyk @ericsmalling
Stranger Danger! Container Edition Eric Smalling | Sr. Developer Advocate @ Snyk @ericsmalling
DevOps Container Security Challenges Eric Smalling | Sr. Developer Advocate @ Snyk @ericsmalling
Eric Smalling ● Senior Developer Advocate @ Snyk ● Based in Dallas/Fort Worth, Texas ● 20+ years enterprise software development ● 10+ years build/test/deploy automation (CI/CD) ● Docker user since 2013 (v0.6) ● 2018 Jenkins Ambassador ● Docker Captain ● CKA, CKAD & CKS Certified @ericsmalling
Agenda Devops vs Security Container Challenges Demo 01 02 03 04 Conclusions
DevOps
Coding Test & Fix Branch Repo Test, Fix Monitor CI/CD Test & Fix Production Test, Fix Monitor Test Registry Build Deploy Get artifacts Ge public & private artifacts SDLC Pipeline
DevSecOps
Container Challenges Historically, developers have owned the security posture of their own code and the libraries used. Containers add security concerns at the operating-system level such as base-image selection, package installation, user and file permissions, and more. Increased Scope of Responsibility These additional technologies used to be owned by other teams such as system engineers or middleware teams. Many developers have never had to deal with securing these layers of the stack. Lack of Expertise While shifting security left adds responsibilities to developer teams, the business owners have expectations that pipeline velocity will not be negatively impacted. Maintaining Velocity
Ownership of developers What does my service contain? ● Source code of my app ● 3rd party dependencies ● Dockerfile ● IaC files (eg. Terraform) ● K8s files
The financial giant said the intruder exploited a configuration vulnerability “ “ -- https://www.theregister.com/2019/07/30/capital_one_hacked/ Configuration is a security risk
Enough Slides. Demo Time!
Coding Test & Fix Branch Repo Test, Fix Monitor CI/CD Test & Fix Production Test, Fix Monitor Test Registry Build Deploy Get artifacts Ge public & private artifacts SDLC Pipeline
DevOps Feedback Loop Empowering developers to build applications securely within the entire development process
Defence in Depth Further practices and tech to consider. Images Runtime Kubernetes
Defence in Depth Further practices and tech to consider. Images Runtime Kubernetes Minimize Footprint Don’t give hackers more tools to expand their exploits Layer Housekeeping Understand how layers work at build and run-time Build strategies Multi-Stage, repeatable builds, standardized labeling, alternative tools Secure Supply Chain Know where images come from. Only CI should push to registries.
Defence in Depth Further practices and tech to consider. Images Runtime Kubernetes Don’t run as root You probably don’t need it. Privileged Containers You almost definitely don’t need it. Drop capabilities Most apps don’t need even Linux capabilities; dropping all and allow only what’s needed. Read Only Root Filesystem Immutability makes exploiting your container harder. Deploy from known sources Pull from known registries only.
Defence in Depth Further practices and tech to consider. Images Runtime Kubernetes Secrets Use them but make sure they’re encrypted and have RBAC applied RBAC Hopefully everybody is using this. SecurityContext Much of the Runtime practices mentioned can be enforced via SC Network Policy Start with zero-trust and add allow rules only as necessary. Enforcement Use OPA (Gatekeeper), Kyverno, etc
Key Takeaways Just like unit tests, fast, actionable security feedback is critical. Working security into a developer’s workflow without slowing them down drives adoption. Feedback Loop Giving developers tools that provide actionable information can allow them to deal with security issues as they are introduced. Empower developers to be proactive Implementing known secure practices for building and running your container images and IaC configurations can mitigate vulnerabilities that slip into deployments as well as zero-day vulnerabilities that may exist. Defence in depth
References: ● Kubernetes SecurityContext Cheatsheet: https://snyk.co/udW5K ● Dockerfile Best Practices: https://docs.docker.com/develop/develop-images/dockerfile_best-practices ● Using multi-stage builds: https://docs.docker.com/develop/develop-images/multistage-build ● OPA Gatekeeper: https://open-policy-agent.github.io/gatekeeper/website/docs ● Kyverno: https://kyverno.io ● PodSecurityPolicy Deprecation: Past, Present, and Future: https://kubernetes.io/blog/2021/04/06/podsecuritypolicy-deprecation-past-present-and-future ● CNCF Certification Curriculum: https://github.com/cncf/curriculum ● Snyk Kubernetes “Quick hit” videos: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLQ6IC7glz4-UA4uKQOhmAxh6Mhvr3m4g- Thank you! @ericsmalling

More Related Content

Why should developers care about container security?

  • 1. Why should developers care about container security? Eric Smalling | Sr. Developer Advocate @ Snyk @ericsmalling
  • 2. Stranger Danger! Container Edition Eric Smalling | Sr. Developer Advocate @ Snyk @ericsmalling
  • 3. DevOps Container Security Challenges Eric Smalling | Sr. Developer Advocate @ Snyk @ericsmalling
  • 4. Eric Smalling ● Senior Developer Advocate @ Snyk ● Based in Dallas/Fort Worth, Texas ● 20+ years enterprise software development ● 10+ years build/test/deploy automation (CI/CD) ● Docker user since 2013 (v0.6) ● 2018 Jenkins Ambassador ● Docker Captain ● CKA, CKAD & CKS Certified @ericsmalling
  • 5. Agenda Devops vs Security Container Challenges Demo 01 02 03 04 Conclusions
  • 7. Coding Test & Fix Branch Repo Test, Fix Monitor CI/CD Test & Fix Production Test, Fix Monitor Test Registry Build Deploy Get artifacts Ge public & private artifacts SDLC Pipeline
  • 9. Container Challenges Historically, developers have owned the security posture of their own code and the libraries used. Containers add security concerns at the operating-system level such as base-image selection, package installation, user and file permissions, and more. Increased Scope of Responsibility These additional technologies used to be owned by other teams such as system engineers or middleware teams. Many developers have never had to deal with securing these layers of the stack. Lack of Expertise While shifting security left adds responsibilities to developer teams, the business owners have expectations that pipeline velocity will not be negatively impacted. Maintaining Velocity
  • 10. Ownership of developers What does my service contain? ● Source code of my app ● 3rd party dependencies ● Dockerfile ● IaC files (eg. Terraform) ● K8s files
  • 11. The financial giant said the intruder exploited a configuration vulnerability “ “ -- https://www.theregister.com/2019/07/30/capital_one_hacked/ Configuration is a security risk
  • 13. Coding Test & Fix Branch Repo Test, Fix Monitor CI/CD Test & Fix Production Test, Fix Monitor Test Registry Build Deploy Get artifacts Ge public & private artifacts SDLC Pipeline
  • 14. DevOps Feedback Loop Empowering developers to build applications securely within the entire development process
  • 15. Defence in Depth Further practices and tech to consider. Images Runtime Kubernetes
  • 16. Defence in Depth Further practices and tech to consider. Images Runtime Kubernetes Minimize Footprint Don’t give hackers more tools to expand their exploits Layer Housekeeping Understand how layers work at build and run-time Build strategies Multi-Stage, repeatable builds, standardized labeling, alternative tools Secure Supply Chain Know where images come from. Only CI should push to registries.
  • 17. Defence in Depth Further practices and tech to consider. Images Runtime Kubernetes Don’t run as root You probably don’t need it. Privileged Containers You almost definitely don’t need it. Drop capabilities Most apps don’t need even Linux capabilities; dropping all and allow only what’s needed. Read Only Root Filesystem Immutability makes exploiting your container harder. Deploy from known sources Pull from known registries only.
  • 18. Defence in Depth Further practices and tech to consider. Images Runtime Kubernetes Secrets Use them but make sure they’re encrypted and have RBAC applied RBAC Hopefully everybody is using this. SecurityContext Much of the Runtime practices mentioned can be enforced via SC Network Policy Start with zero-trust and add allow rules only as necessary. Enforcement Use OPA (Gatekeeper), Kyverno, etc
  • 19. Key Takeaways Just like unit tests, fast, actionable security feedback is critical. Working security into a developer’s workflow without slowing them down drives adoption. Feedback Loop Giving developers tools that provide actionable information can allow them to deal with security issues as they are introduced. Empower developers to be proactive Implementing known secure practices for building and running your container images and IaC configurations can mitigate vulnerabilities that slip into deployments as well as zero-day vulnerabilities that may exist. Defence in depth
  • 20. References: ● Kubernetes SecurityContext Cheatsheet: https://snyk.co/udW5K ● Dockerfile Best Practices: https://docs.docker.com/develop/develop-images/dockerfile_best-practices ● Using multi-stage builds: https://docs.docker.com/develop/develop-images/multistage-build ● OPA Gatekeeper: https://open-policy-agent.github.io/gatekeeper/website/docs ● Kyverno: https://kyverno.io ● PodSecurityPolicy Deprecation: Past, Present, and Future: https://kubernetes.io/blog/2021/04/06/podsecuritypolicy-deprecation-past-present-and-future ● CNCF Certification Curriculum: https://github.com/cncf/curriculum ● Snyk Kubernetes “Quick hit” videos: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLQ6IC7glz4-UA4uKQOhmAxh6Mhvr3m4g- Thank you! @ericsmalling