water distribution system
- 2. INTRODUCTION
The purpose of distribution system is to deliver water to
consumer with appropriate quality, quantity & pressure.
Distribution system is used to describe collectively the
facilities used to supply water from its source to the point of
usage.
- 3. REQUIREMENT OF GOOD DISTRIBUTION
Water quality should not get deteriorated in the distribution
pipes.
It should be capable of supplying water at all the intended
places with sufficient pressure.
It should be capable of supplying the requisite amount of
water during fire fighting.
- 5. DEAD END SYSTEM
It is suitable for old towns and
cities having no different pattern of
roads.
- 6. Advantage :-
Relatively cheap
Determination of discharge and pressure easier due to less
number of valves.
- 7. RADIAL SYSTEM
The area is divided into
different zones.
The water is pumped into
the distribution reservoir
kept in the middle of each
zone.
The supply pipes are laid
rapidly ending towards the
periphery.
- 9. GRID IRON SYSTEM
It is suitable for cities
with rectangular
layouts, where the
water mains and
branches are laid in
rectangles.
- 10. Advantage :-
Water is kept in good circulation due to absence of dead
ends
In the case of break down in some section, water is
available from some other direction.
Disadvantage :-
Exact calculation of sizes of pipes are not possible due to
provisions of valves on all branches.
- 11. RING SYSTEM
The supply main is laid all along
the peripheral roads and sub
mains branch out from the mains.
This system also follows the grid
iron system with the flow pattern
similar in character to that of
dead end system.
So determination of the size of
pipes is easy.
- 12. METHODS OF WATER DISTRIBUTION
distribution system by following ways –
Gravity System
Pumping System
Combined gravity and pumping system
- 13. GRAVITY SYSTEM
Suitable when source of
supply is at sufficient height.
Most reliable and economical
distribution system.
The water head available at
the consumer is just minimum
required.
The remaining head is
consumed in the frictional and
other losses
- 14. PUMPING SYSTEM
Treated water is directly into the
distribution main out storing.
Also called pumping without
storage system.
High lifts pumps are required.
If power supply fails, complete
stoppage of water supply.
The method is not general used.
- 15. COMBINED GRAVITY and PUMPING
SYSTEM
Treated water is pumped and stored in an elevated
distribution reservoir.
Then supplies to consumer by action of gravity.
Economical, efficient and reliable system.
- 17. DISTRIBUTION RESERVOIRS
Distribution reservoirs, also called service reservoirs, are the storage
reservoirs, which store the treated water for supplying water during
emergencies ( such as during fires, repairs, etc.) and also to help in
absorbing the hourly fluctuations in the normal water demand.
Function of distribution reservoirs-
To absorb the hourly variations in demand.
To maintain constant pressure in the distribution main.
Water stored can be supplied during emergencies
- 19. Surface reservoirs:-
These also called ground reservoir.
Mostly circular or rectangular tanks.
Underground reservoir are preferred especially when the size is large.
These reservoirs are constructed high natural grounds and are usually
made of stones, brick, plain or reinforced concrete cement.
The side walls are designed to take up the pressure of the water,
when the reservoir is full and the earth pressure, when it is empty.
- 20. Elevated reservoir:-
It is also referred to as overhead tanks are required at distribution
areas which are not governed and controlled by the gravity system of
distribution.
These are rectangular, circular or elliptical in shape.
If the topography of the town not suitable for under gravity, the
elevated tank or reservoir are used.
They are constructed where combine gravity and pumping system of
water distribution is adopted.
These tanks may be steel or RCC.