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VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol)

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Abdullah Shah

VoIP allows users to make voice calls over the internet instead of traditional phone lines. It works by converting voice signals to digital data packets that are transmitted over the internet and then reconverted at their destination. Key components include gateways, codecs, servers, and protocols like SIP and H.323. VoIP offers advantages like lower costs and integration with other systems but relies on internet connectivity and faces some security risks.

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P R E S E N T A T I O N VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol)
Outlines ! History of VoIP What is VoIP PSTN vs. VoIP VoIP Gateway & Codec’s and Requirement Components of VoIP ( with Pictures) Advantages & Disadvantages Features, Benefits & Security Risk Protocols of VoIP SIP (Session Invitation Protocol)
History of VoIP :  Alon Cohen (born in Israel, 1962) is the co-founder of Vocal Tec Inc. (1989) and the co-inventor of the Audio Transceiver that enabled the creation of Voice Over Networks products and eventually the VoIP industry.  Cohen holds 4 US patents on different communications technologies.  Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) transmission began in 1973 as a result of the experimental Network Voice Protocol invented for the ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network). However, it wasn't until 1995 that the first Internet Phone Software Vocal Tec appeared.  Less than two decades old, VoIP has revolutionized communication all around the world.
What is VoIP ?  It is a technology that allows you to make voice calls using a broadband Internet connection instead of a regular (or analog) phone line.  The cost of calling through VoIP from one phone to another is free. Because we use the shared infrastructure of the web the cost of connecting N/W together is much less.  VoIP is far more flexible, that means it works with other applications on the internet so can integrate it very easily with things like emails, web browsing, directory services or databases etc.  Voice conversations are turned into digitized data and packetized for transmission across a network.  It allows 2-way voice transmission over broadband connection.  VoIP is the transmission of voice “data packets” from one IP address to another over the Internet.
PSTN VoIP  Voice network use circuit switching.  Dedicated path between calling and called party.  Bandwidth reserved in advance.  Cost is based on distance and time.  Data network use packet switching.  No dedicated path between sender and receiver.  It acquires and releases bandwidth, as it needed.  Cost is not based on distance and time. PSTN vs. VoIP
How does VoIP Work?  Converting the voice signal (Analog to Digital & Digital to Analog) o Voice (source) - - ADC - - - Internet - - - DAC - - Voice (dest)  Transmission of voice traffic in Packets  Compression - voice is compressed typically with one of the following codec's, G7.11 64k, G7.29AB 8k, G723.1 6.3k  Encapsulation - the digitized voice is wrapped in an IP packet  Routing - the voice packet is routed thru the network to its final destination.
VoIP Gateway, Codec & Requirement VoIP Gateway:  A VoIP gateway is a gateway device that uses Internet Protocols to transmit and receive voice communications (VoIP). VoIP Codec’s:  Codec are used to convert an analog voice signal to digitally encoded version. Codec vary in the sound quality, the bandwidth required, the computational requirements, etc. VoIP Requirement:  A broadband (high speed internet)  A computer or specialized phone.
Components of VoIP Signaling Gateway Connection:  SGC is the heart of VoIP platform its main role is to connect the PSTN world with the IP world. Support of Signaling System 7 (SS7) protocol stack, Full support of voice call control protocols such as H.323 or SIP, Generate Call Detailed Records (CDRs) for billing purposes and Support of bandwidth policing mechanisms. Media Gateway:  A media gateway is a translation device or service that converts media streams between such technologies as private branch exchange (PBX) systems. Transmission of Voice data using RTP, Support of different Compression algorithms for fulfilling the requirements of the call as instructed by the SGC & Manage Digital Signal Processing (DSP) resources for ideal service offering.
Components of VoIP Media Server:  The sharing of any media file is done through this server. It is used where added features are needed such as voicemail or video conferencing. Voicemail functionality, Voice activated dialing, Voicemail to email transmission - voicemail can be transmitted as attachment to an email address & Support for Interactive Voice Response (IVR) - call routing or even service activation can be performed based on dialed DTMF digits. Application Servers:  The major responsibility of an Application Server is to provide value-added services to the IP network. Each application which is capable of communicating with network has its own application server. Application Server is the brain of the VoIP. Support of customized private dialing plans, Basic service offering - basic services such as call forward always, call forward on busy, call waiting, call transfer, call park and voicemail are offered though the Application Server & Generation of Call Detailed Records (CDRs).
VoIP Components Pictures
Advantages Disadvantages  Easier to Install, Configure, and Maintain  VoIP Integrates With Other Business Systems  Even Older Technology Like Fax Is Supported  Combine multiple conversations over existing data networks  Highly low cost communication  Loss of service during outages  Without power VOIP phones are useless  No standard protocol is applicable  More risk of failure. User provided backup. Network latency/echo  Need Uninterrupted internet connection Advantages & Disadvantages
Features, Benefits & Security Risk Features:  Voicemail,  Caller ID,  Conferencing,  Forwarding &  Unlimited Long Distance. Benefits:  Save money & is cost efficient,  Integration with Audio, Data & Video Application,  Flexible,  Ability to chose your own area code. Security Risks:  Hacking, Denial of service and Eavesdropping
Protocols of VoIP H.323:  In a VoIP environment H.323 is a common protocol running on voice gateway to connect the VoIP network to PSTN. SIP:  Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is a signaling protocol used for initiating, maintaining, modifying and terminating real-time sessions that involve video, voice, messaging and other communications applications and services. and controlling multimedia communication sessions in applications of Internet telephony for voice and video calls. MGCP:  The Media Gateway Control Protocol is a protocol for providing telecom services & controlling devices and transmitting calls via an internet protocol network.
SIP (Session Invitation Protocol)  Session Invitation Protocol, or SIP, began to take shape in the early 2000s as well.  SIP means that a person must initiate a VoIP conversation by inviting another party or group of people into the conversation.  This technology has been since widely used in instant messaging and chat groups, Skype software, group and work conferencing, and much more.  SIP is much safer than earlier VoIP standards, providing a secure network for all parties involved.  Another benefit of SIP is that it can be used in just about any device that is associated with communication: PCs, Macintoshes, phones and smart phones, video devices, etc.  Microsoft enabled all of its devices to use SIP technology.

More Related Content

VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol)

  • 1. P R E S E N T A T I O N VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol)
  • 2. Outlines ! History of VoIP What is VoIP PSTN vs. VoIP VoIP Gateway & Codec’s and Requirement Components of VoIP ( with Pictures) Advantages & Disadvantages Features, Benefits & Security Risk Protocols of VoIP SIP (Session Invitation Protocol)
  • 3. History of VoIP :  Alon Cohen (born in Israel, 1962) is the co-founder of Vocal Tec Inc. (1989) and the co-inventor of the Audio Transceiver that enabled the creation of Voice Over Networks products and eventually the VoIP industry.  Cohen holds 4 US patents on different communications technologies.  Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) transmission began in 1973 as a result of the experimental Network Voice Protocol invented for the ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network). However, it wasn't until 1995 that the first Internet Phone Software Vocal Tec appeared.  Less than two decades old, VoIP has revolutionized communication all around the world.
  • 4. What is VoIP ?  It is a technology that allows you to make voice calls using a broadband Internet connection instead of a regular (or analog) phone line.  The cost of calling through VoIP from one phone to another is free. Because we use the shared infrastructure of the web the cost of connecting N/W together is much less.  VoIP is far more flexible, that means it works with other applications on the internet so can integrate it very easily with things like emails, web browsing, directory services or databases etc.  Voice conversations are turned into digitized data and packetized for transmission across a network.  It allows 2-way voice transmission over broadband connection.  VoIP is the transmission of voice “data packets” from one IP address to another over the Internet.
  • 5. PSTN VoIP  Voice network use circuit switching.  Dedicated path between calling and called party.  Bandwidth reserved in advance.  Cost is based on distance and time.  Data network use packet switching.  No dedicated path between sender and receiver.  It acquires and releases bandwidth, as it needed.  Cost is not based on distance and time. PSTN vs. VoIP
  • 6. How does VoIP Work?  Converting the voice signal (Analog to Digital & Digital to Analog) o Voice (source) - - ADC - - - Internet - - - DAC - - Voice (dest)  Transmission of voice traffic in Packets  Compression - voice is compressed typically with one of the following codec's, G7.11 64k, G7.29AB 8k, G723.1 6.3k  Encapsulation - the digitized voice is wrapped in an IP packet  Routing - the voice packet is routed thru the network to its final destination.
  • 7. VoIP Gateway, Codec & Requirement VoIP Gateway:  A VoIP gateway is a gateway device that uses Internet Protocols to transmit and receive voice communications (VoIP). VoIP Codec’s:  Codec are used to convert an analog voice signal to digitally encoded version. Codec vary in the sound quality, the bandwidth required, the computational requirements, etc. VoIP Requirement:  A broadband (high speed internet)  A computer or specialized phone.
  • 8. Components of VoIP Signaling Gateway Connection:  SGC is the heart of VoIP platform its main role is to connect the PSTN world with the IP world. Support of Signaling System 7 (SS7) protocol stack, Full support of voice call control protocols such as H.323 or SIP, Generate Call Detailed Records (CDRs) for billing purposes and Support of bandwidth policing mechanisms. Media Gateway:  A media gateway is a translation device or service that converts media streams between such technologies as private branch exchange (PBX) systems. Transmission of Voice data using RTP, Support of different Compression algorithms for fulfilling the requirements of the call as instructed by the SGC & Manage Digital Signal Processing (DSP) resources for ideal service offering.
  • 9. Components of VoIP Media Server:  The sharing of any media file is done through this server. It is used where added features are needed such as voicemail or video conferencing. Voicemail functionality, Voice activated dialing, Voicemail to email transmission - voicemail can be transmitted as attachment to an email address & Support for Interactive Voice Response (IVR) - call routing or even service activation can be performed based on dialed DTMF digits. Application Servers:  The major responsibility of an Application Server is to provide value-added services to the IP network. Each application which is capable of communicating with network has its own application server. Application Server is the brain of the VoIP. Support of customized private dialing plans, Basic service offering - basic services such as call forward always, call forward on busy, call waiting, call transfer, call park and voicemail are offered though the Application Server & Generation of Call Detailed Records (CDRs).
  • 11. Advantages Disadvantages  Easier to Install, Configure, and Maintain  VoIP Integrates With Other Business Systems  Even Older Technology Like Fax Is Supported  Combine multiple conversations over existing data networks  Highly low cost communication  Loss of service during outages  Without power VOIP phones are useless  No standard protocol is applicable  More risk of failure. User provided backup. Network latency/echo  Need Uninterrupted internet connection Advantages & Disadvantages
  • 12. Features, Benefits & Security Risk Features:  Voicemail,  Caller ID,  Conferencing,  Forwarding &  Unlimited Long Distance. Benefits:  Save money & is cost efficient,  Integration with Audio, Data & Video Application,  Flexible,  Ability to chose your own area code. Security Risks:  Hacking, Denial of service and Eavesdropping
  • 13. Protocols of VoIP H.323:  In a VoIP environment H.323 is a common protocol running on voice gateway to connect the VoIP network to PSTN. SIP:  Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is a signaling protocol used for initiating, maintaining, modifying and terminating real-time sessions that involve video, voice, messaging and other communications applications and services. and controlling multimedia communication sessions in applications of Internet telephony for voice and video calls. MGCP:  The Media Gateway Control Protocol is a protocol for providing telecom services & controlling devices and transmitting calls via an internet protocol network.
  • 14. SIP (Session Invitation Protocol)  Session Invitation Protocol, or SIP, began to take shape in the early 2000s as well.  SIP means that a person must initiate a VoIP conversation by inviting another party or group of people into the conversation.  This technology has been since widely used in instant messaging and chat groups, Skype software, group and work conferencing, and much more.  SIP is much safer than earlier VoIP standards, providing a secure network for all parties involved.  Another benefit of SIP is that it can be used in just about any device that is associated with communication: PCs, Macintoshes, phones and smart phones, video devices, etc.  Microsoft enabled all of its devices to use SIP technology.

Editor's Notes

  1. Analog waves are smooth and continuous. Digital waves are stepping, square, and discrete.
  2. Codec – a microchip that compresses data to enable faster transmission.
  3. SGC, MG, MS, AS