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Vehicular Delay Tolerant Network (VDTN): Routing Perspectives

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Syed Hassan Ahmed
Syed Hassan Ahmed

This document discusses routing perspectives in vehicular delay tolerant networks (VDTNs). It proposes a hybrid naming scheme that uniquely identifies and aggregates content to help with routing. The scheme uses a hierarchical name structure with location and vehicle identifiers. It also describes a name lookup solution called NLAPB that uses an adaptive prefix bloom filter to process name lookups and updates efficiently. The document concludes that the proposed naming scheme supports content aggregation and routing in a vehicular information centric network.

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KYUNGPOOK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Daegu, Korea. MoNet Laboratory www.monet.knu.ac.kr Vehicular Delay Tolerant Network (VDTN): Routing Perspectives SYED HASSAN AHMED, HYUNWOO KANG AND DONGKYUN KIM 3/9/2015 1
KYUNGPOOK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Daegu, Korea. MoNet Laboratory www.monet.knu.ac.kr Agenda • Introduction • DTN in VANETs (VDTN) • Routing schemes for VDTN • Research Roadmap • Results • Conclusion 3/9/2015 2
KYUNGPOOK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Daegu, Korea. MoNet Laboratory www.monet.knu.ac.kr Introduction Today’s Networking: ◦ Device Centric ◦ Communicate by addressing the device. ◦ >90% of traffic is accessing different kind of data. ◦ Inefficient for Content/data dissemination. ◦ Multicast ~ at huge cost of Network resources. ◦ Addressing ~ Inefficient : DNS, IPv6, etc. to identify devices. ◦ Service Discovery ~ Many protocols, with no standard. ◦ Mobility? ~ Achievable but not inherent in today’s networks. ◦ Security? ~ Connection: IPSec, VPN, SSL, but not Content …. Result --> spam. 3/9/2015 3
KYUNGPOOK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Daegu, Korea. MoNet Laboratory www.monet.knu.ac.kr Introduction The Mobile Network Through 2018 Mobile data traffic will reach the following milestones within the next five years. • Monthly global mobile data traffic will surpass 15 EB by 2018. • The number of mobile-connected devices will exceed the world’s population by 2014. • The average mobile connection speed will surpass 2 Mbps by 2016. • Due to increased usage on smartphones, smartphones will reach 66 percent of mobile data traffic by 2018. • Monthly mobile tablet traffic will surpass 2.5 exabyte per month by 2018. • 4G traffic will be more than half of the total mobile traffic by 2018. TB = Terabyte (1000 GB) PB = Petabyte (1000 TB) EB = Exabyte (1000 PB) Source: Cisco Visual Networking Index: Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast Update, 2013–2018 Communication of huge amount of DATA/CONTENTS with addressed devices. Information Centric Networking 3/9/2015 4
KYUNGPOOK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Daegu, Korea. MoNet Laboratory www.monet.knu.ac.kr Introduction Information Centric Networking (ICN) ICN represents the third revolution in telecommunication networks…. Van Jacobson ◦ Information / Contents / Data are at the center of networking not nodes/machines. ◦ Name DATA not Location. ◦ Request DATA in Network (Not data provider/host) ◦ Any node with the DATA (or copy in its Cache), Responds the Request. (Authenticate Data not connection). ◦ Less delay, More Security, DNS…. ◦ Pull based consumer driven communication: ◦ Broadcast Interest Packet ~ Wait for Data Packet 3/9/2015 5
KYUNGPOOK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Daegu, Korea. MoNet Laboratory www.monet.knu.ac.kr Introduction  Routing Table The concept of an ICN does not force applications to take on host-centric information. Instead, it detaches the application from such concerns. Gareth Tyson et al. Where’s in the name? 3/9/2015 6
KYUNGPOOK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Daegu, Korea. MoNet Laboratory www.monet.knu.ac.kr Vehicular Network • Highly dynamic topology. • Unpredictable link lifetime. • Safety and Non-Safety applications. • Large data requirements. • Delay constraints, etc. • With/Without infrastructure support. • Data ranges from short messages to Large video contents V2V Communication V2I Communication 3/9/2015 7
KYUNGPOOK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Daegu, Korea. MoNet Laboratory www.monet.knu.ac.kr Vehicular Information Centric Network V2V Communication V2I Communication Name Prefixes Out. Faces FIB Names In. Faces PIT CS Available at each VANET node. How to name each content in Vehicular Network? • Maintaining Names (specially in PIT) and FIB. • Data Structure with minimum space…. • Fast addition and deletion of names …. • Searching Names from PIT and FIB. • Speed and accuracy. • Forwarding based on the search result. 3/9/2015 8
KYUNGPOOK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Daegu, Korea. MoNet Laboratory www.monet.knu.ac.kr Naming in General Identifiers (names or locators) used to identify resources. Flat: ni:///sha-256;UyaQV-Ev4rdLoHyJJWCi11OHfrYv9E1aGQAlMO2X_-Q 128-bit hash: 0x265357902fe1b7e2a04b897c6025d7a2 32-bit truncated hash: 0x26535790 ni:///sha-256-32;f4OxZQ?ct=text/plain (with query string) Hierarchical: ni://www.bupt.edu.cn/content/a.avi Attribute-Based: category, format, date, feature, level and so on. Hybrid: hn://monet.knu.ac.kr/pic/jpg;ah4asnfqur2r4st;jpg:800*400:logo Every Scheme has its pros and cons. 3/9/2015 9
KYUNGPOOK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Daegu, Korea. MoNet Laboratory www.monet.knu.ac.kr Naming Schemes for VICN • Forwarding Strategies • Segmentation and Reassembly • Architectures [1] … it could be /maps/LA/downtown in the case of digital map of a place /traffic/pics/highway/Route51 in the case of digital map of a place. [2][3] /traffic/geolocation/timestamp/data type/nonce “AppID” “RoadID/direction/Sec #” “UNIX” “Meaning of Data” “Large Rnd No.” “Close lane/veh. Spd.” “distinguish same data generated by two publishers/vehicles” [4] /ndn/ucla/parking/ . . . /c1/c2/ . . . /cn where ci = (xi,yi) [1] Marica Amadeo, Claudia Campolo, Antonella Molinaro, Enhancing content-centric networking for vehicular environments, Computer Networks, Volume 57, Issue 16, 13 November 2013, Pages 3222-3234 [2] Wang, L.; Wakikawa, R.; Kuntz, R.; Vuyyuru, R.; Lixia Zhang, "Data naming in Vehicle-to-Vehicle communications," IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops (INFOCOM WKSHPS), 2012, pp.328,333, 25-30 March 2012 [3] Ryuji Wakikawa et al.,” NDN Applicability to V2V and V2R Networks,” in Proc. CCNxCon2012, September 2012 [4] Pesavento, D.; Grassi, G.; Palazzi, C.E.; Pau, G., "A naming scheme to represent geographic areas in NDN," IFIP Wireless Days (WD), 2013, pp.1,3, 13-15 Nov. 2013 3/9/2015 10
KYUNGPOOK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Daegu, Korea. MoNet Laboratory www.monet.knu.ac.kr Proposed Naming Scheme Hybrid naming scheme that uniquely identifies, aggregates and helps in routing the contents. 3/9/2015 11
KYUNGPOOK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Daegu, Korea. MoNet Laboratory www.monet.knu.ac.kr Extension…. Root Name Prefixes Compact Trie Structure Lookup Process US/CA/FU CHRIS/CA64193/VIDEO/MJ2/…… SETH/CA74305/IMAGE/…… SAL/CA62539/AUDIO/VND.DTS/…… BRENT/CA91818/IMAGE/G3FAX/…… VICN://US/CA/FU/BRENT/CA91818/IMAGE/G3FAX/…… VICN://US/CA/FU/SAL/CA62539/AUDIO/VND.DTS/…… VICN://US/CA/FU/SETH/CA74305/IMAGE/…… VICN://US/CA/FU/CHRIS/CA64193/VIDEO/MJ2/…… Name Lookup Solution with Adaptive Prefix Bloom filter (NLAPB). Processing time to Add 100 prefixes in prefix table Processing time per prefix delete from prefix table 3/9/2015 12
KYUNGPOOK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Daegu, Korea. MoNet Laboratory www.monet.knu.ac.kr Conclusion We proposed a naming scheme for VICN that uniquely identifies the digital contents generated by the vehicles. The content aggregation and routing can easily be performed based on this scheme. 3/9/2015 13
3/9/2015 14 KYUNGPOOK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Daegu, Korea. MoNet Laboratory www.monet.knu.ac.kr Thanks
KYUNGPOOK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Daegu, Korea. MoNet Laboratory www.monet.knu.ac.kr What Next…. VANET/V2X Which ICN architecture? Naming? Requester Mobility: OK Provider Mobility: ? Role of RSUs? Role of Backoffice Network? Routing? Caching Policy? Security? 3/9/2015 15

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Vehicular Delay Tolerant Network (VDTN): Routing Perspectives

  • 1. KYUNGPOOK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Daegu, Korea. MoNet Laboratory www.monet.knu.ac.kr Vehicular Delay Tolerant Network (VDTN): Routing Perspectives SYED HASSAN AHMED, HYUNWOO KANG AND DONGKYUN KIM 3/9/2015 1
  • 2. KYUNGPOOK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Daegu, Korea. MoNet Laboratory www.monet.knu.ac.kr Agenda • Introduction • DTN in VANETs (VDTN) • Routing schemes for VDTN • Research Roadmap • Results • Conclusion 3/9/2015 2
  • 3. KYUNGPOOK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Daegu, Korea. MoNet Laboratory www.monet.knu.ac.kr Introduction Today’s Networking: ◦ Device Centric ◦ Communicate by addressing the device. ◦ >90% of traffic is accessing different kind of data. ◦ Inefficient for Content/data dissemination. ◦ Multicast ~ at huge cost of Network resources. ◦ Addressing ~ Inefficient : DNS, IPv6, etc. to identify devices. ◦ Service Discovery ~ Many protocols, with no standard. ◦ Mobility? ~ Achievable but not inherent in today’s networks. ◦ Security? ~ Connection: IPSec, VPN, SSL, but not Content …. Result --> spam. 3/9/2015 3
  • 4. KYUNGPOOK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Daegu, Korea. MoNet Laboratory www.monet.knu.ac.kr Introduction The Mobile Network Through 2018 Mobile data traffic will reach the following milestones within the next five years. • Monthly global mobile data traffic will surpass 15 EB by 2018. • The number of mobile-connected devices will exceed the world’s population by 2014. • The average mobile connection speed will surpass 2 Mbps by 2016. • Due to increased usage on smartphones, smartphones will reach 66 percent of mobile data traffic by 2018. • Monthly mobile tablet traffic will surpass 2.5 exabyte per month by 2018. • 4G traffic will be more than half of the total mobile traffic by 2018. TB = Terabyte (1000 GB) PB = Petabyte (1000 TB) EB = Exabyte (1000 PB) Source: Cisco Visual Networking Index: Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast Update, 2013–2018 Communication of huge amount of DATA/CONTENTS with addressed devices. Information Centric Networking 3/9/2015 4
  • 5. KYUNGPOOK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Daegu, Korea. MoNet Laboratory www.monet.knu.ac.kr Introduction Information Centric Networking (ICN) ICN represents the third revolution in telecommunication networks…. Van Jacobson ◦ Information / Contents / Data are at the center of networking not nodes/machines. ◦ Name DATA not Location. ◦ Request DATA in Network (Not data provider/host) ◦ Any node with the DATA (or copy in its Cache), Responds the Request. (Authenticate Data not connection). ◦ Less delay, More Security, DNS…. ◦ Pull based consumer driven communication: ◦ Broadcast Interest Packet ~ Wait for Data Packet 3/9/2015 5
  • 6. KYUNGPOOK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Daegu, Korea. MoNet Laboratory www.monet.knu.ac.kr Introduction  Routing Table The concept of an ICN does not force applications to take on host-centric information. Instead, it detaches the application from such concerns. Gareth Tyson et al. Where’s in the name? 3/9/2015 6
  • 7. KYUNGPOOK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Daegu, Korea. MoNet Laboratory www.monet.knu.ac.kr Vehicular Network • Highly dynamic topology. • Unpredictable link lifetime. • Safety and Non-Safety applications. • Large data requirements. • Delay constraints, etc. • With/Without infrastructure support. • Data ranges from short messages to Large video contents V2V Communication V2I Communication 3/9/2015 7
  • 8. KYUNGPOOK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Daegu, Korea. MoNet Laboratory www.monet.knu.ac.kr Vehicular Information Centric Network V2V Communication V2I Communication Name Prefixes Out. Faces FIB Names In. Faces PIT CS Available at each VANET node. How to name each content in Vehicular Network? • Maintaining Names (specially in PIT) and FIB. • Data Structure with minimum space…. • Fast addition and deletion of names …. • Searching Names from PIT and FIB. • Speed and accuracy. • Forwarding based on the search result. 3/9/2015 8
  • 9. KYUNGPOOK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Daegu, Korea. MoNet Laboratory www.monet.knu.ac.kr Naming in General Identifiers (names or locators) used to identify resources. Flat: ni:///sha-256;UyaQV-Ev4rdLoHyJJWCi11OHfrYv9E1aGQAlMO2X_-Q 128-bit hash: 0x265357902fe1b7e2a04b897c6025d7a2 32-bit truncated hash: 0x26535790 ni:///sha-256-32;f4OxZQ?ct=text/plain (with query string) Hierarchical: ni://www.bupt.edu.cn/content/a.avi Attribute-Based: category, format, date, feature, level and so on. Hybrid: hn://monet.knu.ac.kr/pic/jpg;ah4asnfqur2r4st;jpg:800*400:logo Every Scheme has its pros and cons. 3/9/2015 9
  • 10. KYUNGPOOK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Daegu, Korea. MoNet Laboratory www.monet.knu.ac.kr Naming Schemes for VICN • Forwarding Strategies • Segmentation and Reassembly • Architectures [1] … it could be /maps/LA/downtown in the case of digital map of a place /traffic/pics/highway/Route51 in the case of digital map of a place. [2][3] /traffic/geolocation/timestamp/data type/nonce “AppID” “RoadID/direction/Sec #” “UNIX” “Meaning of Data” “Large Rnd No.” “Close lane/veh. Spd.” “distinguish same data generated by two publishers/vehicles” [4] /ndn/ucla/parking/ . . . /c1/c2/ . . . /cn where ci = (xi,yi) [1] Marica Amadeo, Claudia Campolo, Antonella Molinaro, Enhancing content-centric networking for vehicular environments, Computer Networks, Volume 57, Issue 16, 13 November 2013, Pages 3222-3234 [2] Wang, L.; Wakikawa, R.; Kuntz, R.; Vuyyuru, R.; Lixia Zhang, "Data naming in Vehicle-to-Vehicle communications," IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops (INFOCOM WKSHPS), 2012, pp.328,333, 25-30 March 2012 [3] Ryuji Wakikawa et al.,” NDN Applicability to V2V and V2R Networks,” in Proc. CCNxCon2012, September 2012 [4] Pesavento, D.; Grassi, G.; Palazzi, C.E.; Pau, G., "A naming scheme to represent geographic areas in NDN," IFIP Wireless Days (WD), 2013, pp.1,3, 13-15 Nov. 2013 3/9/2015 10
  • 11. KYUNGPOOK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Daegu, Korea. MoNet Laboratory www.monet.knu.ac.kr Proposed Naming Scheme Hybrid naming scheme that uniquely identifies, aggregates and helps in routing the contents. 3/9/2015 11
  • 12. KYUNGPOOK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Daegu, Korea. MoNet Laboratory www.monet.knu.ac.kr Extension…. Root Name Prefixes Compact Trie Structure Lookup Process US/CA/FU CHRIS/CA64193/VIDEO/MJ2/…… SETH/CA74305/IMAGE/…… SAL/CA62539/AUDIO/VND.DTS/…… BRENT/CA91818/IMAGE/G3FAX/…… VICN://US/CA/FU/BRENT/CA91818/IMAGE/G3FAX/…… VICN://US/CA/FU/SAL/CA62539/AUDIO/VND.DTS/…… VICN://US/CA/FU/SETH/CA74305/IMAGE/…… VICN://US/CA/FU/CHRIS/CA64193/VIDEO/MJ2/…… Name Lookup Solution with Adaptive Prefix Bloom filter (NLAPB). Processing time to Add 100 prefixes in prefix table Processing time per prefix delete from prefix table 3/9/2015 12
  • 13. KYUNGPOOK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Daegu, Korea. MoNet Laboratory www.monet.knu.ac.kr Conclusion We proposed a naming scheme for VICN that uniquely identifies the digital contents generated by the vehicles. The content aggregation and routing can easily be performed based on this scheme. 3/9/2015 13
  • 14. 3/9/2015 14 KYUNGPOOK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Daegu, Korea. MoNet Laboratory www.monet.knu.ac.kr Thanks
  • 15. KYUNGPOOK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Daegu, Korea. MoNet Laboratory www.monet.knu.ac.kr What Next…. VANET/V2X Which ICN architecture? Naming? Requester Mobility: OK Provider Mobility: ? Role of RSUs? Role of Backoffice Network? Routing? Caching Policy? Security? 3/9/2015 15