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Understanding Media Literacy
and Managing Misinformation
Damian Radcliffe, Chambers Professor of Journalism
University of Oregon
June 2024
Today’s session
1. Definitions
2. Spotlight on misinformation
3. Tips and Tools
4. Alumni experiences (panel)
5. Q&A with Panel
Virtual Introductions
Your name
Where you’re
based now
Where you’re
heading to!
And who are yo
Who am I?

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Understanding Media Literacy and Managing Misinformation (2024 edition)
About Me
• British – in USA since 2015
• Married (Habiba)
• 3 x Children (Nyla, Yara and Rafi)
• 1 cat (Oreo)
• Love(d) to travel (58 countries)
• BA and MA Oxford University
1995 – 1999: The Local Radio Company
1999 – 2003: BBC
2003 – 2008: CSV Media (NGO)
2008 – 2012: Ofcom (UK Office of Communications)
2012 - 2014: ictQATAR (Ministry and Regulator)
2012 + Freelance journalist + trainer
2015 + University of Oregon
Background
1995 2024
Many hats
Carolyn S. Chambers Professor in Journalism
University of Oregon
Fellow, Tow Center for Digital Journalism
Columbia University, Graduate School of Journalism
Honorary Research Fellow
Cardiff University, School of Journalism, Media and Culture Studies
Life Fellow
Royal Society for the encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce (RSA)

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“Media Literacy is the ability to
access, analyze, evaluate and
create media in a variety of forms.”
1992 Aspen Media Literacy Leadership Institute
“Media Literacy is a 21st century approach to education. It
provides a framework to access, analyze, evaluate, create
and participate with messages in a variety of forms — from
print to video to the Internet.
Media literacy builds an understanding of the role of media
in society as well as essential skills of inquiry and self-
expression necessary for citizens of a democracy.”
Center for Media Literacy
Tl;DR > Multiple definitions, but typically include:
- Access – media plurality (e.g., FB = internet), affordability, freedom of information
- Understanding - critical thinking + how media works
- Ability to manage risks and potential harms
2. Spotlight on misinformation

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What do we mean by
misinformation?
Understanding Media Literacy and Managing Misinformation (2024 edition)
Global Issue Across all markets,
respondents worried
about what is real and
what is fake on the
internet overall is up
3pp from 56% to 59%.
Highest in some
countries going to the
polls this year, incl.
South Africa (81%), the
United States (72%),
and the UK (70%).
Highest levels of
concern in Africa (75%)
and lower levels in
much of Northern and
Western Europe.
Typology

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How it works
Motive Matters
How confident are you?
Post in the chat:
1-3 = Not very confident
4-6 = Somewhat confident
7-9 = Very confident
10 = I should be giving this talk, Damian!
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Resilience to ”Fake News” Open Society Institute (2021)
Factors used to create
this index included:
- Press Freedom
- Multiple literacy levels
(e.g. maths, science,)
- Education levels
- Trust in others
Latest data
“Some of the most vulnerable countries as
registered by low results in the Media Literacy
Index 2023 are also the closest to the war in
Ukraine started by Russia and among the most
exposed to malign disinformation.
In a similar vein, the Balkan countries, many of
which are still experiencing internal instability
and inter-state tensions in 2023, remain among
the highest at-risk countries in the index.”
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5 x Examples
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And perceptions of it
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4. Conspiracy theories

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- MTV
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1. Fake news looks a lot like real news
2. Tech doesn’t discern fact from fiction
Makes it very easy to share…
“False information spreads just
like accurate information.”
Farida Vis, Sheffield University research fellow
AND…
They have cut back on a
lot of fact-checking.
Don’t check political ads.
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特殊工艺完全按照原版制作【微信:A575476】【(kcl毕业证书)英国伦敦国王学院毕业证成绩单offer】【微信:A575476】(留信学历认证永久存档查询)采用学校原版纸张(包括:隐形水印,阴影底纹,钢印LOGO烫金烫银,LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠,文字图案浮雕,激光镭射,紫外荧光,温感,复印防伪)行业标杆!精益求精,诚心合作,真诚制作!多年品质 ,按需精细制作,24小时接单,全套进口原装设备,十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题,业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡,新西兰等学历材料,包您满意。 【业务选择办理准则】 一、工作未确定,回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况,办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信:A575476】文凭即可 二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况,这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的,而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假,也不需要提供真���教育部认证。鉴于此,办理一份毕业证【微信:A575476】即可 三、进国企,银行,事业单位,考公务员等等,这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的,办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐,所有材料您都必须提供原件,我们凭借丰富的经验,快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料,让您少走弯路。 留信网认证的作用: 1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份【微信:A575476】 2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定 3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书 4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方 5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内,将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后,同步读取人才网入库信息 6:个人职称评审加20分 7:个人信誉贷款加10分 8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料,供国家高端企业选择人才 → 【关于价格问题(保证一手价格) 我们所定的价格是非常合理的,而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格,因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间 对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友,我们都会适当给一些优惠。 选择实体注册公司办理,更放心,更安全!我们的承诺:可来公司面谈,可签订合同,会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料,客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款,不成功不收费! 办理(kcl毕业证书)英国伦敦国王学院毕业证【微信:A575476】外观非常精致,由特殊纸质材料制成,上面印有校���、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。 办理(kcl毕业证书)英国伦敦国王学院毕业证【微信:A575476】格式相对统一,各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分: 校徽:象征着学校的荣誉和传承。 校名:学校英文全称 授予学位:本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。 毕业生姓名:这是最重要的信息之一,标志着该证书是由特��人员获得的。 颁发日期:这是毕业正式生效的时间,也代表着毕业生学业的结束。 其他信息:根据不同的专业和学位,可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。 办理(kcl毕业证书)英国伦敦国王学院毕业证【微信:A575476】价值很高,需要妥善保管。一般来说,应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方,避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用,最好使用复印件而不是原件,以免丢失。 综上所述,办理(kcl毕业证书)英国伦敦国王学院毕业证【微信:A575476 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重,格式统一,包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说,妥善保管是非常重要的。

萨塞克斯大学毕业证布里斯托大学毕业证谢菲尔德大学毕业证
“Social media platforms’
insufficient protections—
coupled with a surge in
political marketing and the
changing nature of news—
will exacerbate an already
fraught environment and
pose major brand safety
problems.”
eMarketer on UNESCO AND Ipsos data
3. Algorithms can create filter bubbles…
They show us more of what we like, not what we need to know
4. Decline in the number
of journalists
5. And reduced
trust in media
and journalism

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特殊工艺完全按照原版制作【微信:A575476】【(爱大毕业证书)爱丁堡大学毕业证成绩单offer】【微信:A575476】(留信学历认证永久存档查询)采用学校原版纸张(包括:隐形水印,阴影底纹,钢印LOGO烫金烫银,LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠,文字图案浮雕,激光镭射,紫外荧光,温感,复印防伪)行业标杆!精益求精,诚心合作,真诚制作!多年品质 ,按需精细制作,24小时接单,全套进口原装设备,十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题,业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡,新西兰等学历材料,包您满意。 【业务选择办理准则】 一、工作未确定,回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况,办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信:A575476】文凭即可 二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况,这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的,而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假,也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此,办理一份毕业证【微信:A575476】即可 三、进国企,银行,事业单位,考公务员等等,这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的,办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐,所有材料您都必须提供原件,我们凭借丰富的经验,快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料,让您少走弯路。 留信网认证的作用: 1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份【微信:A575476】 2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定 3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书 4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方 5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内,将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后,同步读取人才网入库信息 6:个人职称评审加20分 7:个人信誉贷款加10分 8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料,供国家高端企业选择人才 → 【关于价格问题(保证一手价格) 我们所定的价格是非常合理的,而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格,因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间 对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友,我们都会适当给一些优惠。 选择实体注册公司办理,更放心,更安全!我们的承诺:可来公司面谈,可签订合同,会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料,客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款,不成功不收费! 办理(爱大毕业证书)爱丁堡大学毕业证【微信:A575476】外观非常精致,由特殊纸质材料制成,上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。 办理(爱大毕业证书)爱丁堡大学毕业证【微信:A575476】格式相对统一,各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分: 校徽:象征着学校的荣誉和传承。 校名:学校英文全称 授予学位:本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。 毕业生姓名:这是最重要的信息之一,标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。 颁发日期:这是毕业正式生效的时间,也代表着毕业生学业的结束。 其他信息:根据不同的专业和学位,可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。 办理(爱大毕业证书)爱丁堡大学毕业证【微信:A575476】价值很高,需要妥善保管。一般来说,应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方,避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用,最好使用复印件而不是原件,以免丢失。 综上所述,办理(爱大毕业证书)爱丁堡大学毕业证【微信:A575476 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重,格式统一,包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说,妥善保管是非常重要的。

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特殊工艺完全按照原版制作【微信:A575476】【(bu毕业证书)英国伯恩茅斯大学毕业证成绩单offer】【微信:A575476】(留信学历认证永久存档查询)采用学校原版纸张(包括:隐形水印,阴影底纹,钢印LOGO烫金烫银,LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠,文字图案浮雕,激光镭射,紫外荧光,温感,复印防伪)行业标杆!精益求精,诚心合作,真诚制作!多年品质 ,按需精细制作,24小时接单,全套进口原装设备,十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题,业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡,新西兰等学历材料,包您满意。 【业务选择办理准则】 一、工作未确定,回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况,办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信:A575476】文凭即可 二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况,这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的,而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假,也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此,办理一份毕业证【微信:A575476】即可 三、进国企,银行,事业单位,考公务员等等,这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的,办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐,所有材料您都必须提供原件,我们凭借丰富的经验,快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料,让您少走弯路。 留信网认证的作用: 1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份【微信:A575476】 2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定 3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书 4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方 5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内,将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后,同步读取人才网入库信息 6:个人职称评审加20分 7:个人信誉贷款加10分 8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料,供国家高端企业选择人才 → 【关于价格问题(保证一手价格) 我们所定的价格是非常合理的,而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格,因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间 对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友,我们都会适当给一些优惠。 选择实体注册公司办理,更放心,更安全!我们的承诺:可来公司面谈,可签订合同,会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料,客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款,不成功不收费! 办理(bu毕业证书)英国伯恩茅斯大学毕业证【微信:A575476】外观非常精致,由特殊纸质材料制成,上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。 办理(bu毕业证书)英国伯恩茅斯大学毕业证【微信:A575476】格式相对统一,各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分: 校徽:象征着学校的荣誉和传承。 校名:学校英文全称 授予学位:本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。 毕业生姓名:这是最重要的信息之一,标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。 颁发日期:这是毕业正式生效的时间,也代表着毕业生学业的结束。 其他信息:根据不同的专业和学位,可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。 办理(bu毕业证书)英国伯恩茅斯大学毕业证【微信:A575476】价值很高,需要妥善保管。一般来说,应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方,避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用,最好使用复印件而不是原件,以免丢失。 综上所述,办理(bu毕业证书)英国伯恩茅斯大学毕业证【微信:A575476 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重,格式统一,包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说,妥善保管是非常重要的。

韦恩州立大学毕业证明尼苏达州立大学毕业证圣约翰大学毕业证
Global Issue
Backdrop of declining trust in Institutions, more partisan societies…
6. Misinformation evolving into
different forms + different platforms
Understanding Media Literacy and Managing Misinformation (2024 edition)
Claims can be more powerful – and memorable
when there’s an image associated with it

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特殊工艺完全按照原版制作【微信:A575476】【(ubc毕业证书)英属哥伦比亚大学毕业证成绩单offer】【微信:A575476】(留信学历认证永久存档查询)采用学校原版纸张(包括:隐形水印,阴影底纹,钢印LOGO烫金烫银,LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠,文字图案浮雕,激光镭射,紫外荧光,温感,复印防伪)行业标杆!精益求精,诚心合作,真诚制作!多年品质 ,按需精细制作,24小时接单,全套进口原装设备,十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题,业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡,新西兰等学历材料,包您满意。 【业务选择办理准则】 一、工作未确定,回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况,办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信:A575476】文凭即可 二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况,这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的,而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假,也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此,办理一份毕业证【微信:A575476】即可 三、进国企,银行,事业单位,考公务员等等,这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的,办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐,所有材料您都必须提供原件,我们凭借丰富的经验,快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料,让您少走弯路。 留信网认证的作用: 1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份【微信:A575476】 2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定 3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书 4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方 5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内,将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后,同步读取人才网入库信息 6:个人职称评审加20分 7:个人信誉贷款加10分 8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料,供国家高端企业选择人才 → 【关于价格问题(保证一手价格) 我们所定的价格是非常合理的,而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格,因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间 对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友,我们都会适当给一些优惠。 选择实体注册公司办理,更放心,更安全!我们的承诺:可来公司面谈,可签订合同,会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料,客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款,不成功不收费! 办理(ubc毕业证书)英属哥伦比亚大学毕业证【微信:A575476】外观非常精致,由特殊纸质材料制成,上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。 办理(ubc毕业证书)英属哥伦比亚大学毕业证【微信:A575476】格式相对统一,各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分: 校徽:象征着学校的荣誉和传承。 校名:学校英文全称 授予学位:本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。 毕业生姓名:这是最重要的信息之一,标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。 颁发日期:这是毕业正式生效的时间,也代表着毕业生学业的结束。 其他信息:根据不同的专业和学位,可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。 办理(ubc毕业证书)英属哥伦比亚大学毕业证【微信:A575476】价值很高,需要妥善保管。一般来说,应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方,避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用,最好使用复印件而不是原件,以免丢失。 综上所述,办理(ubc毕业证书)英属哥伦比亚大学毕业证【微信:A575476 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重,格式统一,包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说,妥善保管是非常重要的。

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very nice project on internet class 10.pptx
very nice project on internet class 10.pptxvery nice project on internet class 10.pptx
very nice project on internet class 10.pptx

project on internet class 10

Memes
7. Harder
than ever
to discern
fact from
fiction
Understanding Media Literacy and Managing Misinformation (2024 edition)
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特殊工艺完全按照原版制作【微信:A575476】【(heriotwatt毕业证书)英国赫瑞瓦特大学毕业证成绩单offer】【微信:A575476】(留信学历认证永久存档查询)采用学校原版纸张(包括:隐形水印,阴影底纹,钢印LOGO烫金烫银,LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠,文字图案浮雕,激光镭射,紫外荧光,温感,复印防伪)行业标杆!精益求精,诚心合作,真诚制作!多年品质 ,按需精细制作,24小时接单,全套进口原装设备,十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题,业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡,新西兰等学历材料,包您满意。 【业务选择办理准则】 一、工作未确定,回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况,办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信:A575476】文凭即可 二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况,这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的,而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假,也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此,办理一份毕业证【微信:A575476】即可 三、进国企,银行,事业单位,考公务员等等,这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的,办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐,所有材料您都必须提供原件,我们凭借丰富的经验,快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料,让您少走弯路。 留信网认证的作用: 1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份【微信:A575476】 2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定 3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书 4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方 5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内,将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后,同步读取人才网入库信息 6:个人职称评审加20分 7:个人信誉贷款加10分 8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料,供国家高端企业选择人才 → 【关于价格问题(保证一手价格) 我们所定的价格是非常合理的,而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格,因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间 对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友,我们都会适当给一些优惠。 选择实体注册公司办理,更放心,更安全!我们的承诺:可来公司面谈,可签订合同,会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料,客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款,不成功不收费! 办理(heriotwatt毕业证书)英国赫瑞瓦特大学毕业证【微信:A575476】外观非常精致,由特殊纸质材料制成,上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。 办理(heriotwatt毕业证书)英国赫瑞瓦特大学毕业证【微信:A575476】格式相对统一,各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分: 校徽:象征着学校的荣誉和传承。 校名:学校英文全称 授予学位:本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。 毕业生姓名:这是最重要的信息之一,标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。 颁发日期:这是毕业正式生效的时间,也代表着毕业生学业的结束。 其他信息:根据不同的专业和学位,可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。 办理(heriotwatt毕业证书)英国赫瑞瓦特大学毕业证【微信:A575476】价值很高,需要妥善保管。一般来说,应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方,避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用,最好使用复印件而不是原件,以免丢失。 综上所述,办理(heriotwatt毕业证书)英国赫瑞瓦特大学毕业证【微信:A575476 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重,格式统一,包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说,妥善保管是非常重要的。

萨塞克斯大学毕业证布里斯托大学毕业证谢菲尔德大学毕业证
Steps involved in the implementation of EDI in a company
Steps involved in the implementation of EDI in a companySteps involved in the implementation of EDI in a company
Steps involved in the implementation of EDI in a company

Steps in EDI implementation Value Added Networks Internet based EDI Work Flow Coordination

edi
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一比一原版澳洲巴拉特大学毕业证(utas毕业证书)如何办理一比一原版澳洲巴拉特大学毕业证(utas毕业证书)如何办理
一比一原版澳洲巴拉特大学毕业证(utas毕业证书)如何办理

特殊工艺完全按照原版制作【微信:A575476】【澳洲巴拉特大学毕业证(utas毕业证书)成绩单offer】【微信:A575476】(留信学历认证永久存档查询)采用学校原版纸张(包括:隐形水印,阴影底纹,钢印LOGO烫金烫银,LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠,文字图案浮雕,激光镭射,紫外荧光,温感,复印防伪)行业标杆!精益求精,诚心合作,真诚制作!多年品质 ,按需精细制作,24小时接单,全套进口原装设备,十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题,业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡,新西兰等学历材料,包您满意。 【业务选择办理准则】 一、工作未确定,回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况,办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信:A575476】文凭即可 二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况,这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的,而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假,也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此,办理一份毕业证【微信:A575476】即可 三、进国企,银行,事业单位,考公务员等等,这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的,办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐,所有材料您都必须提供原件,我们凭借丰富的经验,快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料,让您少走弯路。 留信网认证的作用: 1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份【微信:A575476】 2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定 3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书 4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方 5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内,将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后,同步读取人才网入库信息 6:个人职称评审加20分 7:个人信誉贷款加10分 8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料,供国家高端企业选择人才 → 【关于价格问题(保证一手价格) 我们所定的价格是非常合理的,而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格,因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间 对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友,我们都会适当给一些优惠。 选择实体注册公司办理,更放心,更安全!我们的承诺:可来公司面谈,可签订合同,会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料,客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款,不成功不收费! 办理澳洲巴拉特大学毕业证(utas毕业证书)【微信:A575476】外观非常精致,由特殊纸质材料制成,上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。 办理澳洲巴拉特大学毕业证(utas毕业证书)【微信:A575476】格式相对统一,各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分: 校徽:象征着学校的荣誉和传承。 校名:学校英文全称 授予学位:本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。 毕业生姓名:这是最重要的信息之一,标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。 颁发日期:这是毕业正式生效的时间,也代表着毕业生学业的结束。 其他信息:根据不同的专业和学位,可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。 办理澳洲巴拉特大学毕业证(utas毕业证书)【微信:A575476】价值很高,需要妥善保管。一般来说,应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方,避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用,最好使用复印件而不是原件,以免丢失。 综上所述,办理澳洲巴拉特大学毕业证(utas毕业证书)【微信:A575476 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重,格式统一,包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说,妥善保管是非常重要的。

特拉利理工学院毕业证沃特福德理工学院毕业证邓莱里文艺理工学院毕业证
Understanding Media Literacy and Managing Misinformation (2024 edition)
Stone Age Selfie
Understanding Media Literacy and Managing Misinformation (2024 edition)
AI-generated image
used by Amnesty
International to
illustrate police
brutality.
Source: The
Guardian

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特殊工艺完全按照原版制作【微信:A575476】【(bristol毕业证书)英国布里斯托大学毕业证成绩单offer】【微信:A575476】(留信学历认证永久存档查询)采用学校原版纸张(包括:隐形水印,阴影底纹,钢印LOGO烫金烫银,LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠,文字图案浮雕,激光镭射,紫外荧光,温感,复印防伪)行业标杆!精益求精,诚心合作,真诚制作!多年品质 ,按需精细制作,24小时接单,全套进口原装设备,十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题,业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡,新西兰等学历材料,包您满意。 【业务选择办理准则】 一、工作未确定,回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况,办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信:A575476】文凭即可 二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况,这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的,而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假,也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此,办理一份毕业证【微信:A575476】即可 三、进国企,银行,事业单位,考公务员等等,这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的,办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐,所有材料您都必须提供原件,我们凭借丰富的经验,快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料,让您少走弯路。 留信网认证的作用: 1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份【微信:A575476】 2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定 3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书 4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方 5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内,将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后,同步读取人才网入库信息 6:个人职称评审加20分 7:个人信誉贷款加10分 8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料,供国家高端企业选择人才 → 【关于价格问题(保证一手价格) 我们所定的价格是非常合理的,而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格,因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间 对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友,我们都会适当给一些优惠。 选择实体注册公司办理,更放心,更安全!我们的承诺:可来公司面谈,可签订合同,会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料,客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款,不成功不收费! 办理(bristol毕业证书)英国布里斯托大学毕业证【微信:A575476】外观非常精致,由特殊纸质材料制成,上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。 办理(bristol毕业证书)英国布里斯托大学毕业证【微信:A575476】格式相对统一,各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分: 校徽:象征着学校的荣誉和传承。 校名:学校英文全称 授予学位:本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。 毕业生姓名:这是最重要的信息之一,标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。 颁发日期:这是毕业正式生效的时间,也代表着毕业生学业的结束。 其他信息:根据不同的专业和学位,可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。 办理(bristol毕业证书)英国布里斯托大学毕业证【微信:A575476】价值很高,需要妥善保管。一般来说,应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方,避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用,最好使用复印件而不是原件,以免丢失。 综上所述,办理(bristol毕业证书)英国布里斯托大学毕业证【微信:A575476 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重,格式统一,包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说,妥善保管是非常重要的。

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Have you ever built a sandcastle at the beach, only to see it crumble when the tide comes in? In the digital world, our information is like that sandcastle, constantly under threat from waves of cyberattacks. A cybersecurity course is like learning to build a fortress for your information! This course will teach you how to protect yourself from sneaky online characters who might try to steal your passwords, photos, or even mess with your computer. You'll learn about things like: * **Spotting online traps:** Phishing emails that look real but could steal your info, and websites that might be hiding malware (like tiny digital monsters). * **Building strong defenses:** Creating powerful passwords and keeping your software up-to-date, like putting a big, strong lock on your digital door. * **Fighting back (safely):** Learning how to identify and avoid threats, and what to do if something does go wrong. By the end of this course, you'll be a cybersecurity champion, ready to defend your digital world and keep your information safe and sound!

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Body of a
massive
octopus
washed up
on the coast
of Indonesia
“Some of the most compelling AI image tools look a
little cinematic, a little too polished… They tend to
look a bit softer — with an almost airbrushed quality.”
"Other giveaways are unrealistic or nonsensical
backgrounds, and bizarre, missing or misshapen
minor details,"
Peter Adams, senior vice president of research
and design with the News Literacy Project
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一比一原版(oregon毕业证书)俄勒冈大学毕业证如何办理

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social media
“In place of overt, mass repression, rulers
such as Vladimir Putin, Recep Tayyip
Erdogan, and Viktor Orbán control their
citizens by distorting information and
simulating democratic procedures. Like
spin doctors in democracies, they spin
the news to engineer support.”
How a new breed of dictators holds
power by manipulating information
and faking democracy
Media Capture
“In many parts of the world, special interests, from oligarchs and other
elites to governments, are influencing and controlling the media for
personal gain.
When media is captured in this way, it is no longer independent.
Captured media loses the ability to reflect the broad interests of the
community and to hold power to account – the classic role of the fourth
estate. Most often, media is captured by governments, plutocrats or
corporations or, in many cases, a mixture of all three.”
Internews, 2017
10. Reduced – and declining media freedom
Q: How does
your country
rank?

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一比一原版(london毕业证书)英国伦敦大学毕业证如何办理
一比一原版(london毕业证书)英国伦敦大学毕业证如何办理一比一原版(london毕业证书)英国伦敦大学毕业证如何办理
一比一原版(london毕业证书)英国伦敦大学毕业证如何办理

特殊工艺完全按照原版制作【微信:A575476】【(london毕业证书)英国伦敦大学毕业证成绩单offer】【微信:A575476】(留信学历认证永久存档查询)采用学校原版纸张(包括:隐形水印,阴影底纹,钢印LOGO烫金烫银,LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠,文字图案浮雕,激光镭射,紫外荧光,温感,复印防伪)行业标杆!精益求精,诚心合作,真诚制作!多年品质 ,按需精细制作,24小时接单,全套进口原装设备,十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题,业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡,新西兰等学历材料,包您满意。 【业务选择办理准则】 一、工作未确定,回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况,办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信:A575476】文凭即可 二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况,这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的,而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假,也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此,办理一份毕业证【微信:A575476】即可 三、进国企,银行,事业单位,考公务员等等,这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的,办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐,所有材料您都必须提供原件,我们凭借丰富的经验,快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料,让您少走弯路。 留信网认证的作用: 1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份【微信:A575476】 2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定 3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书 4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方 5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内,将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后,同步读取人才网入库信息 6:个人职称评审加20分 7:个人信誉贷款加10分 8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料,供国家高端企业选择人才 → 【关于价格问题(保证一手价格) 我们所定的价格是非常合理的,而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格,因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间 对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友,我们都会适当给一些优惠。 选择实体注册公司办理,更放心,更安全!我们的承诺:可来公司面谈,可签订合同,会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料,客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款,不成功不收费! 办理(london毕业证书)英国伦敦大学毕业证【微信:A575476】外观非常精致,由特殊纸质材料制成,上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。 办理(london毕业证书)英国伦敦大学毕业证【微信:A575476】格式相对统一,各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分: 校徽:象征着学校的荣誉和传承。 校名:学校英文全称 授予学位:本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。 毕业生姓名:这是最重要的信息之一,标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。 颁发日期:这是毕业正式生效的时间,也代表着毕业生学业的结束。 其他信息:根据不同的专业和学位,可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。 办理(london毕业证书)英国伦敦大学毕业证【微信:A575476】价值很高,需要妥善保管。一般来说,应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方,避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用,最好使用复印件而不是原件,以免丢失。 综上所述,办理(london毕业证书)英国伦敦大学毕业证【微信:A575476 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重,格式统一,包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说,妥善保管是非常重要的。

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一比一原版(soas毕业证书)英国伦敦大学亚非学院毕业证如何办理一比一原版(soas毕业证书)英国伦敦大学亚非学院毕业证如何办理
一比一原版(soas毕业证书)英国伦敦大学亚非学院毕业证如何办理

特殊工艺完全按照原版制作【微信:A575476】【(soas毕业证书)英国伦敦大学亚非学院毕业证成绩单offer】【微信:A575476】(留信学历认证永久存档查询)采用学校原版纸张(包括:隐形水印,阴影底纹,钢印LOGO烫金烫银,LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠,文字图案浮雕,激光镭射,紫外荧光,温感,复印防伪)行业标杆!精益求精,诚心合作,真诚制作!多年品质 ,按需精细制作,24小时接单,全套进口原装设备,十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题,业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡,新西兰等学历材料,包您满意。 【业务选择办理准则】 一、工作未确定,回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况,办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信:A575476】文凭即可 二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况,这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的,而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假,也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此,办理一份毕业证【微信:A575476】即可 三、进国企,银行,事业单位,考公务员等等,这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的,办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐,所有材料您都必须提供原件,我们凭借丰富的经验,快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料,让您少走弯路。 留信网认证的作用: 1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份【微信:A575476】 2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定 3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书 4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方 5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内,将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后,同步读取人才网入库信息 6:个人职称评审加20分 7:个人信誉贷款加10分 8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料,供国家高端企业选择人才 → 【关于价格问题(保证一手价格) 我们所定的价格是非常合理的,而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格,因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间 对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友,我们都会适当给一些优惠。 选择实体注册公司办理,更放心,更安全!我们的承诺:可来公司面谈,可签订合同,会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料,客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款,不成功不收费! 办理(soas毕业证书)英国伦敦大学亚非学院毕业证【微信:A575476】外观非常精致,由特殊纸质材料制成,上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。 办理(soas毕业证书)英国伦敦大学亚非学院毕业证【微信:A575476】格式相对统一,各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分: 校徽:象征着学校的荣誉和传承。 校名:学校英文全称 授予学位:本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。 毕业生姓名:这是最重要的信息之一,标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。 颁发日期:这是毕业正式生效的时间,也代表着毕业生学业的结束。 其他信息:根据不同的专业和学位,可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。 办理(soas毕业证书)英国伦敦大学亚非学院毕业证【微信:A575476】价值很高,需要妥善保管。一般来说,应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方,避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用,最好使用复印件而不是原件,以免丢失。 综上所述,办理(soas毕业证书)英国伦敦大学亚非学院毕业证【微信:A575476 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重,格式统一,包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说,妥善保管是非常重要的。

赫特福德大学毕业证曼彻斯特城市大学毕业证罗汉普顿大学毕业证
Understanding Media Literacy and Managing Misinformation (2024 edition)
Types of electoral mis- and disinformation
LatamChequea coalition — a network of Latin American, Spanish, Portuguese and U.S. fact-checkers fighting
Spanish-language disinformation discovered 10 types of disinformation repeated in electoral cycles over the
last three years in every country they researched in Latin America, as well as in the 2020 U.S. elections.
Unintentional Irregularities denounced as fraud Disinformation about the documentation
needed to vote
Alleged fraud coordinated by authorities Disinformation about citizens voting abroad
Votes cast in the name of deceased persons Chaos on election day
People are voting who are not qualified to do so False polls
Manipulation to discourage voting Fabricated candidate statements
Q: Who should be
responsible for
addressing this?
How do we fix this?
A multi-stakeholder approach
• Government
• Regulators
• Tech Companies
• Journalists and Fact Checkers
• Consumers
• Education System

Recommended for you

一比一原版(greenwich毕业证书)英国格林威治大学毕业证如何办理
一比一原版(greenwich毕业证书)英国格林威治大学毕业证如何办理一比一原版(greenwich毕业证书)英国格林威治大学毕业证如何办理
一比一原版(greenwich毕业证书)英国格林威治大学毕业证如何办理

特殊工艺完全按照原版制作【微信:A575476】【(greenwich毕业证书)英国格林威治大学毕业证成绩单offer】【微信:A575476】(留信学历认证永久存档查询)采用学校原版纸张(包括:隐形水印,阴影底纹,钢印LOGO烫金烫银,LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠,文字图案浮雕,激光镭射,紫外荧光,温感,复印防伪)行业标杆!精益求精,诚心合作,真诚制作!多年品质 ,按需精细制作,24小时接单,全套进口原装设备,十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题,业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡,新西兰等学历材料,包您满意。 【业务选择办理准则】 一、工作未确定,回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况,办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信:A575476】文凭即可 二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况,这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的,而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假,也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此,办理一份毕业证【微信:A575476】即可 三、进国企,银行,事业单位,考公务员等等,这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的,办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐,所有材料您都必须提供原件,我们凭借丰富的经验,快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料,让您少走弯路。 留信网认证的作用: 1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份【微信:A575476】 2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定 3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书 4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方 5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内,将在公安局网内查询个人身份证��息后,同步读取人才网入库信息 6:个人职称评审加20分 7:个人信誉贷款加10分 8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料,供国家高端企业选择人才 → 【关于价格问题(保证一手价格) 我们所定的价格是非常合理的,而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格,因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间 对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友,我们都会适当给一些优惠。 选择实体注册公司办理,更放心,更安全!我们的承诺:可来公司面谈,可签订合同,会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料,客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款,不成功不收费! 办理(greenwich毕业证书)英国格林威治大学毕业证【微信:A575476】外观非常精致,由特殊纸质材料制成,上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。 办理(greenwich毕业证书)英国格林威治大学毕业证【微信:A575476】格式相对统一,各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分: 校徽:象征着学校的荣誉和传承。 校名:学校英文全称 授予学位:本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。 毕业生姓名:这是最重要的信息之一,标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。 颁发日期:这是毕业正式生效的时间,也代表着毕业生学业的结束。 其他信息:根据不同的专业和学位,可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。 办理(greenwich毕业证书)英国格林威治大学毕业证【微信:A575476】价值很高,需要妥善保管。一般来说,应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方,避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用,最好使用复印件而不是原件,以免丢失。 综上所述,办理(greenwich毕业证书)英国格林威治大学毕业证【微信:A575476 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重,格式统一,包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说,妥善保管是非常重要的。

伦敦大学毕业证伦敦商学院毕业证牛津大学毕业证
3. Tips and Tools
- 10 recommendations
1. Consume widely…
+ develop a list of trust sources
2. Understand your source
3. Double check everything

Recommended for you

4. Be skeptical
5. Learn to reverse image search
Understanding Media Literacy and Managing Misinformation (2024 edition)
6. Slow Down

Recommended for you

Misinformation can have major consequences
7. Be mindful as stories break
And where…
8. Check your emotions

Recommended for you

The biggest red flag for me is when something evokes
an emotion in you. That doesn’t necessarily mean that
it’s misinformation, but it signals that somebody’s
trying to manipulate your emotions, and that’s
something you should be aware of. When you
recognize it, remember to take a deep breath and
look into it a little bit before you believe it.
Leticia Bode, professor of Communication,
Culture and Technology, Georgetown University
9. Find the
local
equivalent
of Snopes,
PolitiFact
etc.
Understanding Media Literacy and Managing Misinformation (2024 edition)
Also being
weaponized

Recommended for you

10. Don’t
automatically trust
authority figures
"Nothing we have seen in the
image seems like particularly
malicious edits. Clearly, not
much time was put into the
edits as you can see the clear
traces left behind."
Cole Whitecotton, senior
professional research
assistant for the National
Center for Media Forensics at
the University of Colorado,
Denver.
Yes, we’re (second) cousins!
Yes, we’re cousins!

Recommended for you

Email: damianr@uoregon.edu
X/Twitter: @damianradcliffe
Web: www.damianradcliffe.com
Thanks for listening

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Understanding Media Literacy and Managing Misinformation (2024 edition)

  • 1. Understanding Media Literacy and Managing Misinformation Damian Radcliffe, Chambers Professor of Journalism University of Oregon June 2024
  • 2. Today’s session 1. Definitions 2. Spotlight on misinformation 3. Tips and Tools 4. Alumni experiences (panel) 5. Q&A with Panel
  • 3. Virtual Introductions Your name Where you’re based now Where you’re heading to!
  • 4. And who are yo Who am I?
  • 6. About Me • British – in USA since 2015 • Married (Habiba) • 3 x Children (Nyla, Yara and Rafi) • 1 cat (Oreo) • Love(d) to travel (58 countries) • BA and MA Oxford University
  • 7. 1995 – 1999: The Local Radio Company 1999 – 2003: BBC 2003 – 2008: CSV Media (NGO) 2008 – 2012: Ofcom (UK Office of Communications) 2012 - 2014: ictQATAR (Ministry and Regulator) 2012 + Freelance journalist + trainer 2015 + University of Oregon Background 1995 2024
  • 8. Many hats Carolyn S. Chambers Professor in Journalism University of Oregon Fellow, Tow Center for Digital Journalism Columbia University, Graduate School of Journalism Honorary Research Fellow Cardiff University, School of Journalism, Media and Culture Studies Life Fellow Royal Society for the encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce (RSA)
  • 11. Lens for this session… • Journalist • Researcher • Educator and Trainer Those hats…
  • 17. “Media Literacy is the ability to access, analyze, evaluate and create media in a variety of forms.” 1992 Aspen Media Literacy Leadership Institute
  • 18. “Media Literacy is a 21st century approach to education. It provides a framework to access, analyze, evaluate, create and participate with messages in a variety of forms — from print to video to the Internet. Media literacy builds an understanding of the role of media in society as well as essential skills of inquiry and self- expression necessary for citizens of a democracy.” Center for Media Literacy
  • 19. Tl;DR > Multiple definitions, but typically include: - Access – media plurality (e.g., FB = internet), affordability, freedom of information - Understanding - critical thinking + how media works - Ability to manage risks and potential harms
  • 20. 2. Spotlight on misinformation
  • 21. What do we mean by misinformation?
  • 23. Global Issue Across all markets, respondents worried about what is real and what is fake on the internet overall is up 3pp from 56% to 59%. Highest in some countries going to the polls this year, incl. South Africa (81%), the United States (72%), and the UK (70%). Highest levels of concern in Africa (75%) and lower levels in much of Northern and Western Europe.
  • 27. How confident are you? Post in the chat: 1-3 = Not very confident 4-6 = Somewhat confident 7-9 = Very confident 10 = I should be giving this talk, Damian!
  • 30. Resilience to ”Fake News” Open Society Institute (2021) Factors used to create this index included: - Press Freedom - Multiple literacy levels (e.g. maths, science,) - Education levels - Trust in others
  • 31. Latest data “Some of the most vulnerable countries as registered by low results in the Media Literacy Index 2023 are also the closest to the war in Ukraine started by Russia and among the most exposed to malign disinformation. In a similar vein, the Balkan countries, many of which are still experiencing internal instability and inter-state tensions in 2023, remain among the highest at-risk countries in the index.”
  • 34. Footage shown of President Zelensky “out there fighting for his country,” was filmed in 2021. (Screenshot via NewsGuard) 1. False context
  • 35. Game footage also used to depict war in Ukraine… and Syria…
  • 36. 2. Poor and/or partisan journalism
  • 41. Covered by: - Quartz - Elite Daily - Cosmopolitan - BuzzFeed - Digg - MTV - And more! 5. Humor – Parody - Satire
  • 42. Denial covered by Quartz, Washington Post + others.
  • 43. What examples have you seen?
  • 44. Why now? 10x key factors
  • 45. 1. Fake news looks a lot like real news
  • 46. 2. Tech doesn’t discern fact from fiction
  • 47. Makes it very easy to share… “False information spreads just like accurate information.” Farida Vis, Sheffield University research fellow
  • 48. AND… They have cut back on a lot of fact-checking. Don’t check political ads. Reinstated accounts e.g. Trump, Kennedy et al.
  • 49. “Social media platforms’ insufficient protections— coupled with a surge in political marketing and the changing nature of news— will exacerbate an already fraught environment and pose major brand safety problems.” eMarketer on UNESCO AND Ipsos data
  • 50. 3. Algorithms can create filter bubbles… They show us more of what we like, not what we need to know
  • 51. 4. Decline in the number of journalists
  • 52. 5. And reduced trust in media and journalism
  • 53. Global Issue Backdrop of declining trust in Institutions, more partisan societies…
  • 54. 6. Misinformation evolving into different forms + different platforms
  • 56. Claims can be more powerful – and memorable when there’s an image associated with it
  • 57. Memes
  • 58. 7. Harder than ever to discern fact from fiction
  • 60. 8. New tools… powerful Generative AI
  • 64. AI-generated image used by Amnesty International to illustrate police brutality. Source: The Guardian
  • 65. Body of a massive octopus washed up on the coast of Indonesia
  • 66. “Some of the most compelling AI image tools look a little cinematic, a little too polished… They tend to look a bit softer — with an almost airbrushed quality.” "Other giveaways are unrealistic or nonsensical backgrounds, and bizarre, missing or misshapen minor details," Peter Adams, senior vice president of research and design with the News Literacy Project
  • 68. 9. Bots + weaponization of the web
  • 69. “In place of overt, mass repression, rulers such as Vladimir Putin, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, and Viktor Orbán control their citizens by distorting information and simulating democratic procedures. Like spin doctors in democracies, they spin the news to engineer support.” How a new breed of dictators holds power by manipulating information and faking democracy
  • 70. Media Capture “In many parts of the world, special interests, from oligarchs and other elites to governments, are influencing and controlling the media for personal gain. When media is captured in this way, it is no longer independent. Captured media loses the ability to reflect the broad interests of the community and to hold power to account – the classic role of the fourth estate. Most often, media is captured by governments, plutocrats or corporations or, in many cases, a mixture of all three.” Internews, 2017
  • 71. 10. Reduced – and declining media freedom
  • 72. Q: How does your country rank?
  • 74. Types of electoral mis- and disinformation LatamChequea coalition — a network of Latin American, Spanish, Portuguese and U.S. fact-checkers fighting Spanish-language disinformation discovered 10 types of disinformation repeated in electoral cycles over the last three years in every country they researched in Latin America, as well as in the 2020 U.S. elections. Unintentional Irregularities denounced as fraud Disinformation about the documentation needed to vote Alleged fraud coordinated by authorities Disinformation about citizens voting abroad Votes cast in the name of deceased persons Chaos on election day People are voting who are not qualified to do so False polls Manipulation to discourage voting Fabricated candidate statements
  • 75. Q: Who should be responsible for addressing this? How do we fix this?
  • 76. A multi-stakeholder approach • Government • Regulators • Tech Companies • Journalists and Fact Checkers • Consumers • Education System
  • 77. 3. Tips and Tools - 10 recommendations
  • 78. 1. Consume widely… + develop a list of trust sources
  • 80. 3. Double check everything
  • 82. 5. Learn to reverse image search
  • 85. Misinformation can have major consequences
  • 86. 7. Be mindful as stories break
  • 88. 8. Check your emotions
  • 89. The biggest red flag for me is when something evokes an emotion in you. That doesn’t necessarily mean that it’s misinformation, but it signals that somebody’s trying to manipulate your emotions, and that’s something you should be aware of. When you recognize it, remember to take a deep breath and look into it a little bit before you believe it. Leticia Bode, professor of Communication, Culture and Technology, Georgetown University
  • 90. 9. Find the local equivalent of Snopes, PolitiFact etc.
  • 94. "Nothing we have seen in the image seems like particularly malicious edits. Clearly, not much time was put into the edits as you can see the clear traces left behind." Cole Whitecotton, senior professional research assistant for the National Center for Media Forensics at the University of Colorado, Denver.
  • 97. Email: damianr@uoregon.edu X/Twitter: @damianradcliffe Web: www.damianradcliffe.com Thanks for listening